初中英語被動被動語態(tài)課件

.thePassiveVoice（被動語態(tài)）2021/5/91一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語謂語(vt.)賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。

漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示英語用：助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。

2021/5/92Readtext-2

Whencanweusethepassivevoice?不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時。

Mybikewasstolenlastnight.

昨晚我的自行車被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.

信件每天早晨八點收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.

這張課桌是王師傅做的。

Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.

那個包是她姐姐提走的。2.為了強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時。2021/5/93

1.

We

clean

theclassroomeveryday.

Theclassroom

iscleanedbyuseveryday.

2.

They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoesaremadeby

theminthatfactory.

3.People

planttreesinSpring.

Trees

areplantedby

peopleinSpring.

4.Hismotherusuallywashes

dishesafterdinner.

Dishesareusuallywashedby

hismotherafterdinner.5.Moreandmorepeople

speak

Chineseintheworld.

Chinese

isspokenby

moreandmorepeopleintheworld.2021/5/94二、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化

主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時： 一般過去時： 一般將來時：

一般過去將來時：

現(xiàn)在進行時： 過去進行時： 現(xiàn)在完成時：

過去完成時:

將來完成時：

過去將來完成時：

am/is/are+donewas/were+done

shall/will+bedone(is/aregoingtobedone)should/would+bedone

am/is/are+being+done

was/were+being+done

have/has+been+done

had+been+done

shall/will+havebeen+done

should/would+havebeen+done

2021/5/95三、常見時態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時：

(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.

(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthelibrarywithoutateacher.

Wearenotallowedtoenterthelibrarywithoutateacher.2021/5/962.一般過去時：

(1)Mycousinboughtabookyesterday.

Thebookwasboughtbymycousinyesterday.(2)Shedesignedthefashionclothes.

Thefashionclothesweredesignedbyher.(3)Theydidn’tspeakEnglishafterclassEnglishwasn’tspokenbythemafterclass.2021/5/973.一般將來時：

(1)Herparentswillsendherabroad.

Shewillbesentabroadbyherparents.(2)Wearegoingtoholdasportsmeetingtomorrow.

Asportsmeeting

isgoingtobehold

tomorrow.2021/5/984.現(xiàn)在進行時：

(1)Theyaredoingtheirhomeworkonthecomputernow.

Theirhomeworkisbeingdoneonthecomputernow.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpaintedbyus.2021/5/995.過去進行時：

(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroadat7yesterday.

Theroadwasbeingmendedat7yesterday.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.

2021/5/9106.現(xiàn)在完成時：

(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.

Hisbookhasbeenbrought

here.2021/5/911四、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。

(1)Youmusthandinyourarticlesafterclass.

Yourarticlesmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwritemanyletterswiththecomputer.

Manyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.2021/5/912

將下列主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)：1.HasPeteransweredallthequestions?HaveallthequestionsbeenansweredbyPeter?2.Theyhavefoundwaystoreducethepollution.

Wayshavebeenfoundtoreducethepollution.3.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.Thechildrenmustbetakencareofwhenwegoout.2021/5/9134.Tomisrepairinghisbicyclenow.

HisbicycleisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.5.Theywon’tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.

Themeetingwon’tbehelduntilnextFriday.2021/5/914將下列被動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成主動語態(tài)：1.Yourworkshouldbedoneinanhour.

Youshoulddoyourworkinanhour.2.ThejobhasbeenfinishedbyAmy.

Amyhasfinishedthejob.3.AmodelplaneisbeingmadebyJerry.

Jerryismakingamodelplane.2021/5/9154.Theproblemshallbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.

Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow’smeeting.5.Thelettermaybewrittenwithapencil.

Youmaywritetheletterwithapencil.6.Wasthesnowbeingremovedbytheseworkersat8yesterdaymorning.

Weretheworkersremovingthesnowat8yesterdaymorning?2021/5/9161).不及物動詞(或者詞組)沒有被動語態(tài)。

如：belongto,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

五、不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：2021/5/917不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：2)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)have/fit/ownIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．3）祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。2021/5/9184)反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

2021/5/919不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：主動形式表被動意義①感官系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)feel，look,seem,taste,sound,smell等這魚味道很好。Thefish

tastes

good.這條圍巾摸上去很軟。Thescarf

feels

soft.2021/5/920這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.這書賣完了。Thebook

issold

out.

②有些動詞既是及物又是不及物動詞，用作不及物動詞時和well,badly,easily等副詞連用，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能。如：write,grow,print,sell,wash等2021/5/921Thehouseneeds

cleaning.房子需要打掃了。Thehouseneedsto

becleaned.

③在need,want,等少數(shù)表示“需要”的動詞2021/5/922六、幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化．１帶復合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)．（１）makesb.dosth.

sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.watchlethavehearseenotice2021/5/923(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….2021/5/924（3）Weoftenhear

themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissong

isoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).2021/5/925Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwriteshowgiveteachpasslend…to2.雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)2021/5/926Mummademeanewdress.Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydrawsingget…for2021/5/9271.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.He

gave

me

abook.(變被動）主語謂語間賓直賓2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.2021/5/928Mymother

bought

me

abirthdaycake.

主語謂語間賓直賓1.Iwasboughtabirthdaycakebymymother.2.Abirthdaycakewasbought

forme

bymymother.2021/5/929Theysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.3.Itisreported/據(jù)報道

believed/人們相信

hoped/人們希望

saidthat據(jù)說……4.WholockedthedoorlastWednesday?Bywhom

wasthedoorlockedlastWednesday?2021/5/9301.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）2021/5/9313.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe

floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook

intime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.2021/5/9325.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused2021/5/9337.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished2021/5/9349.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous2021/5/93510.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone2021/5/93612.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken2021/5/93714.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem2021/5/938wasn’tinvitedaresoldbedonehavetakenwasbuiltbetaken1.--Whydidn’tyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty?--Oh.I______________(notinvite)

2.--Whatdoyouwant,sir?--Couldyoutellmeifcomputers___________(sell)inthisshop.

3.--Alotofthingsshould_________(do)toprotecttheenvironment.--Iagreewithyou..4.Greatchanges____________(take)placeinmyhometownsince1990.5.--When______thebridge______(build)?Doyouknow?--Twoyearsago.6.

CanItakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?SorryMagazinesofthiskindcan’t_________(take)out.2021/5/939

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．a(chǎn)renotkept；willhaveto

B．a(chǎn)renotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____now.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentold

B．I'vetold

C．I'mtold

D．Itold

ACA2021/5/9404.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompleted

B.completes

C.hasbeencompleted

D.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cut

B.arecut

C.arebeingcut

D.hadbeencut

6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

DCB2021/5/9417.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

8.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcosted

B.costedC.iscostedD.cost

9.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What’sthepretty