（全國(guó)卷）2019屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)一閱讀理解講義

專題一閱讀理解

課一*細(xì)節(jié)理解題增分點(diǎn)（-）——間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題

細(xì)節(jié)理解題常分為直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題、間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題和概括細(xì)節(jié)理解題。間接細(xì)節(jié)理解

題相對(duì)于直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題而言難度要大，命題的迷惑性更大，因?yàn)榇祟愵}目的正確選項(xiàng)都經(jīng)

過(guò)了命題人對(duì)原文信息的語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換，，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異。考生不能從原文中直接找到答

案，而是要對(duì)原文信息稍加歸納才能得出正確答案。

附題感悟/，么考?怎么解

［典例］（2018?全國(guó)卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,because

oftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質(zhì)），ironandzinc

（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants

（抗氧化物質(zhì)）.Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthe

carotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（櫻

桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.

B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

［解析］選c在該選段中，作者比較了草莓、藍(lán)莓、櫻桃和核桃類水果各自不同的優(yōu)

點(diǎn)，從其中"Asforcherries（櫻桃），theyaresodeliciouswhocares?”這句話可

知,人們喜歡櫻桃是因?yàn)樗鼈兾兜捞鹈?。C項(xiàng)中的“haveapleasanttaste”與文中的“are

sodelicious”意義吻合。

［干擾項(xiàng)分析］A項(xiàng)是raspberries的特征；B項(xiàng)是對(duì)"yellowandorangestone

fruits”的特征的曲解；D項(xiàng)是blueberries（藍(lán)莓）的特征。

［增分技巧］間接信息題相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原

文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。在做間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要做到“兩關(guān)注”“一防范”。

“兩關(guān)注”是指關(guān)注正確選項(xiàng)的兩個(gè)特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語(yǔ)言（詞匯

和結(jié)構(gòu)）改頭換面，來(lái)表達(dá)相同的意思；二是對(duì)文章信息的歸納。

“一防范”是指防范干擾選項(xiàng)的迷惑性，錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)常使用諸如張冠李戴、無(wú)中生有、曲

解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半等方式來(lái)造成句意的改變0

刷題集訓(xùn)/不準(zhǔn)度?提速度

訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)（一）對(duì)點(diǎn)練一一攻克失分短板

A（2018?全國(guó)卷II閱讀D節(jié)選）

Dismissingsmal1talkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeep

relationshipswouldn,tevenexistifitweren,tforcasualconversation.Smalltalk

isthegrease（潤(rùn)滑齊ll）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,director

oftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.uAlmostevery

greatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,“he

explains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,

notjustcommunicatewiththem.”

33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

A.Showinggoodmanners.

B.Relatingtootherpeople.

C.Focusingonatopic.

D.Makingbusinessdeals.

解析：選B由該選段最后卡爾杜齊說(shuō)的話可知，成功的閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會(huì)怎樣與他人

產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，而不只是與他人交流，文中的connectwith與B項(xiàng)的relateto的含義是一致的，

表示“與……聯(lián)系”o

B（2017?全國(guó)卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButch

CassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'

twantmeforthefilm-itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodup

forme.Idon,tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistened

totheiragentsorthestudiopowers.

24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?

A.PaulNewmanwantedit.

B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.

C.Hewasn,tfamousenough.

D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.

解析：選C根據(jù)選段中"Whenthestudiodidn,twantmeforthefilm一itwanted

somebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知，工作室不想讓"我”拍這部電影是因?yàn)橄胝?/p>

一名與保羅一樣出名的演員出演。本題命題人在C項(xiàng)中對(duì)文中信息進(jìn)行了同義替換，用famous

替換wellknowno

C（2017?全國(guó)卷HI閱讀B節(jié)選）

ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheold

theater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwith

teary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEd

Bradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetin

asmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.

25.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?

A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.

B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.

C.Theaudiencerequestedit.

D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.

解析：選D根據(jù)選段中的aTheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemovie

becauseitseemedappropriate.v可知，電影TheLastPictureST?。沙講述的內(nèi)容和劇院

的命運(yùn)一樣，劇院經(jīng)理EdBradford認(rèn)為放映此部電影非常契合此時(shí)的情景。原文中的

"appropriate"和D項(xiàng)的“suitable”為同義詞，都表示“合適的”，故答案為D。

D（2018?北京高考閱讀A節(jié)選）

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.In

fact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

38.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?

A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.

解析：選A根據(jù)選段可知，作者堅(jiān)持到了最后，而且得到了一塊獎(jiǎng)牌，雖然不是第一

名，由此可歸納出“他成功地跑完了這次馬拉松”。makeit意為“達(dá)到預(yù)定目標(biāo)，獲得成

功”。故選A。

訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)（二）綜合練一一提高解題速度

（加黑的題目為細(xì)節(jié)理解題，加★的為間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題）

A

ParkwayCentralLibraryEvents

SummerThymeCooks

NowthroughWednesday,May10

SummerThymeCooksisaFREEcookingprogramforteensenteringgrades7—12.In

fourweeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthefundamentalsofcooking.Food

ismeanttobeshared,soeveryclassendswithafamily-stylemeal.Studentsgohome

eachweekwithanewrecipeandagrocerybagfilledwithhealthy,freshingredients

（原料）sotheycancookwiththeirfamilies!

Questions?CallJamieat215-686-5323.

WetheDetectivesFamilyFun

Monday,May15

Thebestwayforyouthandfamiliestospotwhat'sinsideourdoorsistoattend

ourFamilyEvent,takingplaceonMay15from10：30a.m.to12：30p.m.Thisannual

traditionisamuch-belovedopportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.This

year'sFamilyEventwillfeature（以為特色）uniqueandinterestingbrunchfoods,

andadetectivestorytimewithourlibrarians.

Cost:$50Adult；$25Child（ages3—16）;Freeforchildrenunder3.

Formoreinformation,pleasecall215-567-7710.

TheArtofComics

NowthroughSaturday,May20

215-686-5403

Anexhibitionofbooksshowsthehistoryofpictorialstorytelling.Theartof

severalpioneersinthemediumisondisplay,includingworksbyHokusai,Rodolphe

Topffer,andWilhelmBusch.

SundayLiteracyProgram

Sunday,May21

215-686-5369

Thisprogramoffersdrop-inassistancetostudentsstrugglingtoreadinthe1st

through3rdgrades.Bothofthetwosessionswillincludethefollowingparts:Read

Aloud,IndependentReading,LiteracyGamesandWriting.

Participantsneedtoregisterontheirfirstvisit.

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國(guó)一家圖書館的活動(dòng)。

★1.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodoatthecookingprogram?

A.Sharefood.

B.Bringrecipes.

C.Cookwiththeirfamilies.

D.Learnbasiccookingskills.

解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干的關(guān)鍵信息為cookingprogram,根據(jù)第一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)Summer

ThymeCooks中的“Infourweeklyhands-onclasses,studentswilllearnthe

fundamentalsofcooking.”可知，參與該活動(dòng)的人將會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)基本的烹飪技巧。D項(xiàng)中的

“basiccookingskills,,是對(duì)文中afundamentalsofcooking”的同義替換。

2.Whencanyoulookaroundthelibrary?

A.OnMay10.B.OnMay15.

C.OnMay20.D.OnMay21.

解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中提到“Thisannualtraditionisamuch-beloved

opportunityforfamiliestoexplorethebuilding.”，由此活動(dòng)的時(shí)間Monday,May15

可知答案。

3.HowdoestheSundayLiteracyProgramdifferfromtheothers?

A.It'sfreeofcharge.B.It9sfamily-friendly.

C.Itrequiresregistration.D.Itisintendedforadults.

解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Participantsneedtoregisterontheir

firstvisit.”可知,第一次參加SundayLiteracyProgram需要注冊(cè)，而其他三項(xiàng)活動(dòng)并

未提及此點(diǎn)，故選C項(xiàng)。

B

It'sonlybeentwoweekssinceMontanaBrownbeganworkingattheAflacCancer

CenterofAtlanta,butshesaid,“ThejobismorethananythingIcouldaskfor.It'

ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohaveaninfluenceover

thekids.”

Brownwasjusttwowhenshewasdiagnosed（診斷）withrhabdomyosarcoma,arare

typeofcancer.Shereceivedtreatmentforayearandthenthediseasewascontrolled.

Butattheageoffifteen,shewasdiagnosedagainwiththesamecancerandhad

toreceivetreatmentforanotheryear.Shewasalsotoldthatshehadtostopdancing,

oneofherhobbies.

Brownsaidsherememberedjusthowcompassionate（有同情心的）thenurseswere

duringthatdifficulttime.Soshedecidedtogivebackinthesamewaythenurses

didwithherwhenshewasinthehospital.

“Around10thor11thgrade,Istartedthinkingaboutwhattomajorin,“Brown

said."IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknewthatIwantedtousemystoryto

helpothersandgivethemhopeandinspiration.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,thebetter

Iknewbeinganursewouldbethegreatestfieldforme."Shereceivedadegreein

nursingfromAugustaUniversitylastyear.

CarolineRooke,thenursemanagerattheAflacCancerCenter,said."Brown's

experiencesmakeheraspecialpartoftheteam.Shewouldimprovethecareexperience

thatwecanofferourpatients.It'sherspecialwayofgivingback.”

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。MontanaBrown兩歲的時(shí)候就被查出患有癌癥，并在醫(yī)

院接受了治療。為了回報(bào)社會(huì)，她在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)護(hù)理專業(yè)，畢業(yè)后成為那家醫(yī)院的一名護(hù)士。

★4.WhatdoesMontanaBrownthinkofherjob?

A.Amazing.B.Interesting.

C.Boring.D.Demanding.

解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Brown所說(shuō)的話“Thejobismorethananything

Icouldaskfor.It'ssocooltojustbeattheplacewhereIwastreatedandtohave

aninfluenceoverthekids.”可知，她認(rèn)為回到這家醫(yī)院工作是一件很酷的事情，她對(duì)此

很滿意，故正確答案為A。A項(xiàng)“Amazing”與文中的“socool”為同義表達(dá)。

★5.WhydidMontanaBrownchoosetobeanurse?

A.Shebelievedthisfieldwassocool.

B.Shewantedtoinspiremorepatients.

C.Shehopedshecouldcureherillness.

D.Sheintendedtogetsomeexperience.

解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“IknewIwantedtohelppeopleandIknew

thatIwantedtousemystorytohelpothersandgivethemhopeandinspiration.”

可知，她之所以選擇當(dāng)一名護(hù)士，是因?yàn)樗霂椭嗟娜耍胗米约旱墓适陆o別人希望和

鼓舞。B項(xiàng)中的"inspire”與“inspiration”的意思是一致的。

6.WhatcanwelearnfromBrownJsstory?

A.Nodifficultycanmakeuslosehope.

B.Itisimportanttochooseaproperjob.

C.Nothingcanpreventusachievingourgoals.

D.Anyonehastheabilitytogivebacktosociety.

解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段、第五段的內(nèi)容以及最后一段護(hù)士長(zhǎng)的話“It's

herspecialwayofgivingback.w可知，Brown在接受治療期間從護(hù)士那里感受到了愛(ài)心

與照顧，這促使她畢業(yè)后選擇成為一名護(hù)士，以此回報(bào)社會(huì)。她的故事告訴我們：每個(gè)人都

有回報(bào)社會(huì)的能力。

C

CourtneyHolmesoffershisyoungcustomersalittlesomethingextrawiththeir

haircuts.

“Hey,howareyoudoing?Whatgradeareyouin?What'syourfavoritebook?Yeah,

Igotit."Ifyouthoughtyou'dwalkedintoalibrarywithagreetinglikethat,

youwouldn,tbetoofaroff.Infact,you'veenteredtheworkplaceofCourtneyHolmes,

theStorybookBarber.

Twoyearsago,Dubuque,Iowa,helditsfirstannualBacktoSchoolBash,offering

needyfamiliesachancetolearnaboutfreeresourcesinthecommunity.Holmesagreed

totakepartinit.Hewasholdingdowntwojobsatthetime-onewiththecity,

spublicworksdepartment,theotherasabarber.Saturdaywashisbusiesthaircutting

day,buthechosetodevotehistimetounderprivileged（底層的）kidssothey'dlook

sharponthatfirstdayofclasses.Butthenhehadasuddenidea."Thekidsshould

earntheirfreehaircutbyhavingtoreadabooktome."Holmessaid.

TheideawassopopularthathecontinueditthefirstTuesdayofeverymonth

forthenexttwoyears.5-to10-year-oldkids,wouldholdafavoritebook,settle

intothebarberchair,andreadaloudwhileHolmesgavethemahaircut.Iftheyhad

anydifficulty,Holmeswastheretohelp.Afterthehaircut,they'dreviewthebook,

fromthecharactersandvocabulariestothethemes—justlikeinschool,onlymore

fun.uThesekidsareeagertolearn,“saidHolmes."Andtheyareabletoopentheir

heartsthere.?

Holmesadmitshe,too,benefitsfromtheactivity.uTherewasaseven-year-old

boywhostruggledthroughhisbook,stuttering（口吃）overwordseventhoughhedidn'

thaveastutter,“saidHolmes.Hehadtheboytakethebookhomeandpractice,"When

thechildcamebacknexttime,hereaditwithnoproblems.Thatinspiredme.”

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。熱心人士士urtneyHolmes為學(xué)生提供免費(fèi)理發(fā)服務(wù)的

同時(shí)，還為他們創(chuàng)造了讀書的良好氛圍。

★7.WhydidHolmestakepartinBacktoSchoolBash?

A.Toearnmoremoney.

B.Tohelppoorkidslookgood.

C.Toreducetheparents'pressure.

D.Toworkinthelocalschools.

解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“buthechosetodevotehistime...sothey'

dlooksharponthatfirstdayofclasses可知，Holmes提供免費(fèi)的理發(fā)，讓孩子們

在開(kāi)學(xué)時(shí)顯得精神些。B項(xiàng)中的"lookgood”就是對(duì)“l(fā)ooksharp”的同義替換。

★8.HowoftendidHolmesprovidefreehaircutsduringthetwoyears?

A.EverySaturday.B.Everyweekend.

C.Onceamonth.D.Onceayear.

解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，在兩年的時(shí)間內(nèi)，Holmes在每個(gè)月

的第一個(gè)星期二都會(huì)為孩子們提供免費(fèi)服務(wù)，也就是每個(gè)月一次。C項(xiàng)是對(duì)“thefirst

Tuesdayofeverymonth”的信息歸納。

9.WhatcanwelearnaboutHolmes'youngcustomers?

A.Theyarestudentswithreadingproblems.

B.Theylearnmoreherethaninschool.

C.TheygetalongwellwithHolmes.

D.Therearemoreboysthangirls.

解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的"'Thesekidsareeagertolearn,?said

Holmes.'Andtheyareabletoopentheirheartsthere.""可知，孩子們?cè)诶戆l(fā)店里

能和Holmes敞開(kāi)心扉，說(shuō)明他們與Holmes相處得很好。

10.WhatcanwebestdescribeHolmesas?

A.Ahard-workingbarber.

B.Akind-heartedvolunteer.

C.Abusyandlovingparent.

D.Aresponsiblesocialworker.

解析：選B推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知，Holmes兩年的時(shí)間內(nèi)定期為孩子們提供免費(fèi)

理發(fā)服務(wù)，并與他們交流，輔導(dǎo)他們讀書，是一位熱心的志愿者。

D

（2018?鄭州第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）Chinesemovietheatersareneverrunningshortof

youthfilms.Youths《芳華》）,directedbyFengXiaogang,wasreleasedinDecember,

2017andhitthescreen.Butthisoneisdifferent:Itisdedicatedtotheyouthof

ourparents'generation.

Setinthe1970s,thestorybeginsinamilitaryarttroupe

（演出團(tuán)），inwhichthesoldiers'dutiesaretosing,danceand

promoteculture.HeXiaoping,anewcomer,isatalented

dancer.Withapainfulchildhood,shewantstomakeafreshstart

inthetroupe,yetherfamilybackgroundmakesherthelaughing

stock（笑柄）amongthegirls.TheonlypersonwhoisnicetoherisLiuFeng,akind

andunselfishman.

Inmostyouthfilms,thecharacters?lifepathsareonlyinfluencedbytheir

ownchoices.However,theyoungpeopleinYoutharealsoapartof“thewhirlwind

（旋風(fēng)）ofhistoricalchanges”,asfilmcriticJustinChangwroteintheLosAngeles

Times.Inaperiodofmorethan30years,theyhavetoexperiencethe“cultural

revolution（1966—1976）andtheSino-VietnameseWar,duringwhichLiuFengloses

onearmandHeXiaopingsuffersfromamentalillness.Thedisbandment（解散）ofthe

troupealsotearsthemawayfromthelifeandpeopletheyaresofamiliarwith,

throwingthemintoanewlifetheyknownothingabout.

Theyallhavetolearn“tomakepeacewiththepastandmakethemostofthe

present"，wroteGiovannaFulvionthewebsiteTIFF.

ButthereJsstillsomethingthatneverchangesaboutyouth.Nomatterwhattime

ofhistoryitis,peoplesharethesamelongingforloveandbeauty.Sunshine,laughter

andswimmingpools—thesetypicalimagesofyouthareallwellkeptinMr.Feng'

snewfilm.

Accordingtoifeng.com,Youthisactuallyanostalgic。懷I日的）andpersonalwork

thatMr.Fengdedicatestohisownexperiencesofworkinginatroupe."WhenIlook

backintime,everythingelseinmylifeseemstobeblackandwhite,“hesaid."The

daysinthetroupearetheonlypartofmymemorythatalwaysremainscolorful.”

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了馮小剛導(dǎo)演的《芳華》這部電影的背景、主

要人物和內(nèi)容等。在不同的歷史時(shí)期，青春是有共性的。

11.WhatinfluencedHeXiaoping,sandLiuFeng's1ivesmost?

A.Historicalchanges.

B.Theirownpersonalities.

C.Theirfamilybackgrounds.

D.Theirlongingforloveandbeauty.

解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“However,theyoungpeopleinYouth

arealsoapartof*thewhirlwind（旋風(fēng)）ofhistoricalchanges*"可知，歷史的變

化對(duì)《芳華》中的何小萍和劉峰的生活的影響是最大的，故答案選A。

★12.WhydidFengXiaogangdirectthefilmYout/P

A.Toshowthecrueltyofthewar.

B.Tourgepeopletovaluetheiryouth.

C.Torecallthedayswhenheworkedinatroupe.

D.Todescribethelifeduringthe"culturalrevolution"(1966—1976).

解析:選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句uAccordingto...Mr.Fengdedicates

tohisownexperiencesofworkinginatroupe.”可知，馮小剛拍攝《芳華》這部電影，

是為了紀(jì)念自己曾經(jīng)在劇團(tuán)里工作的經(jīng)歷，故答案選C。C項(xiàng)是對(duì)文中信息的同義替換。

13.Whatdoweknowabouttheyouthindifferentgenerationsaccordingtothe

text?

A.Theyalltreatsunshineandlaughterasthetypicalimagesofthemselves.

B.Inourparents'generation,theydon'tlovebeautyduetohardlife.

C.Theylongfortotallydifferentthingsvaryingfromgenerationtogeneration.

D.Thoughtheyliveindifferenttimes,theystillhavesomethingincommon.

解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Butthere,sstillsomethingthatnever

changesaboutyouth.v可知，關(guān)于青春，有的東西是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)改變的，也就是說(shuō)，青春是

有共性的，故答案選D。

習(xí)題彳里一

講評(píng)沐一細(xì)節(jié)理解題增分點(diǎn)（二）——概括細(xì)節(jié)理解題

他題感電/么考.怎么解

匚典例］（2018?全國(guó)卷HI閱讀C節(jié)選）

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages,lieasked

theworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsand

corridors.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodern

andtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.

Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledge

oftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinese

architecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.

30.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?

A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.

B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.

C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.

D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.

［解析］選D根據(jù)選段第一段第三句"Thiscreationattractedalotofattention

thankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.”和選段

第二段第二句中的uThroughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinese

architecture"可知，傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代元素的和諧共存是王諭建筑設(shè)計(jì)成功的秘訣，故選D。

［干擾項(xiàng)分析］A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在shapes,不是形狀的混合，是現(xiàn)代和傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)元素的混合；B

項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在EastandWest,是modernarchitecture和agoodknowledgeoftraditions的平

衡；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在popular,根據(jù)選文第一段第二句可知應(yīng)是traditional。

［增分技巧］概括細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求通過(guò)思維分析將原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息進(jìn)行歸

納概括，即要“綜合事實(shí)定答案"o容易做錯(cuò)的原因是沒(méi)有全面分析所涉及的相關(guān)信息，只

是單一地、孤立地分析某句內(nèi)容從而不能做出符合題干條件的選擇。

（1）通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞定區(qū)間。就是說(shuō)我們?cè)陂喿x題干的時(shí)候迅速把題干中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出來(lái)，

然后根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回到原文當(dāng)中定位相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句。

（2）通過(guò)概括定選項(xiàng)。概括細(xì)節(jié)理解題可能涉及文章某一段或幾段，甚至貫穿全文的各個(gè)

位置，需要考生尋找文章中的多個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。然后嘗試用自己的語(yǔ)言去歸納文中的信息或事實(shí)，

然后再看選項(xiàng)，挑選出和自己所歸納的信息最接近的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案。

（3）兼用排除法解題。在遇到模棱兩可、難以做出選擇的答案時(shí)，也可采用排除法，將“無(wú)

此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)排除。

刷題集訓(xùn)/不準(zhǔn)度?提速度

訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)（一）對(duì)點(diǎn)練一一攻克失分短板

A（2018?北京高考閱讀C節(jié)選）

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticevery

year.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場(chǎng)），and

upto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisno

greaterwaxmoth

effectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswer

maylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreater

waxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteam

left100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthe

wormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthat

theworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,the

researchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊狀物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14

hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass一apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes

（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin

2017.

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

解析：選C根據(jù)第一段中的"anewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachs

ofsomehungrywormsw以及第二段中的uResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecently

foundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene…andthe

wormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.”概括可知

大蠟螟幼蟲(chóng)能吃塑料，故選C。

B（2018?浙江高考閱讀B節(jié)選）

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhen

youconsiderthathe,sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,

includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatis

evenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein,sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehind

theplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somany

endupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallow

thematcheckouts（收銀臺(tái)）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,

includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadforthe

planetasmostpeopleassume.

24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

解析：選D根據(jù)第一段中的aisdefendinganindustry”和第二段中的"arehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadforthe

planetasmostpeopleassume”概括可知塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用StevenStein是為了說(shuō)明他們

的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的那樣對(duì)地球有害。故選D。

C（2017?北京高考閱讀A節(jié)選）

Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,she

hesitated.Shedidn,tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,

TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR."Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifference

betweenlifeanddeath,“saysTaylor.

Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Two

morerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice

（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris's

heartbeatreturned.

ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchance

forsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?

A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.

B.Sherecoveredfromshock.

C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.

D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.

解析：選C根據(jù)選文第一段中的"Butwhennooneelsecameforward,Taylorran

toParisandbegandoingCPR.”以及選文第二段“在隊(duì)友和學(xué)校護(hù)士的幫助下Paris的心

跳恢復(fù)了(Paris'sheartbeatreturned.)以及選文第三段中的"Forasuddenheart

failure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinand

doCPRquickly”概括可知，Paris說(shuō)她很幸運(yùn)是因?yàn)樗玫搅思皶r(shí)的心肺復(fù)蘇(CPR)救助。

0(2017?江蘇高考閱讀B節(jié)選)

Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,

abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.Female

Australiansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhile

hatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirp

totheirmothers-asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearchers

soughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firstthey

collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafter

hatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.

Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,

rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheir

moms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwere

thebabies,beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthat

suggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom,s