2021高三統(tǒng)考外研英語(yǔ)（經(jīng)典版）課時(shí)作業(yè)Book8Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021高三統(tǒng)考外研英語(yǔ)一輪（經(jīng)典版）課時(shí)作業(yè)：Book8Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse含解析課時(shí)作業(yè)Ⅰ.完形填空In1982,StevenCallahanwascrossingtheAtlanticaloneinhissailboatwhenitstrucksomethingandsank.Hewasoutoftheshippinglanesandfloatinginaliferaft,__1__。Hissupplieswerefew.His__2__weresmall.Yetwhenthreefishermenfoundhimseventysixdayslater,hewasalive-muchskinnierthanhewaswhenhe__3__，butalive。Thethingthat__4__myeyewashowhemanagedtokeephimselfgoingwhenallhopeseemedlost，whenthereseemedno__5__incontinuingthestruggle，whenhewassufferinggreatly，whenhislifeboatwasbrokenwithaholeandaftermorethanaweekstrugglingwithhisweakbodyto__6__it，itwasstillleakingairandwearinghimouttokeeppumpingitup.Hewas__7__.Hewasthoroughly__8__.Givingupwouldhaveseemedtheonlywisechoice.Whenpeoplesurvivethesekindsofcircumstances，theydosomethingwiththeir__9__thatgivethemthecouragetokeepgoing.Manypeoplein__10__desperatecircumstancesgiveinorgomad。Somethingthesurvivorsdowiththeirthoughtshelpsthemfindthe__11__tocarryon?！癐tellmyselfIcan__12__it，"wroteCallahaninhisaccount?！癈omparedtowhatothershavebeen__13__,I'mfortunate。Itellmyselfthesethingsoverandover，__14__mydeterminationtokeepgoing.”IwrotethatdownafterIreadit.It__15__meassomethingimportant。AndI’vetoldmyselfthesamethingwhenmyowngoalsseemed__16__off.AndeverytimeI'vesaidit，Ihavealwayscomebacktomy__17__。Sohere,comingtousfromtheextremeedgeof__18__，arewordsthatcangiveusstrength。__19__you’regoingthrough,tellyourselfyoucanhandleit.Tellthistoyourselfoverandover,anditwillhelpyougetthroughthe__20__spotswithalittlemoredetermination.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了StevenCallahan獨(dú)自橫穿大西洋時(shí)遇險(xiǎn),他一次次地鼓勵(lì)自己，“我能行”，最后靠著頑強(qiáng)的意志和有效的生存技巧存活下來(lái)。作者被這句話打動(dòng)，時(shí)常用來(lái)勉勵(lì)自己.1．A。aloudB．a(chǎn)loneC．a(chǎn)sideD．a(chǎn)board答案:B根據(jù)上文中的“StevenCallahanwascrossingtheAtlanticalone”可知,他是獨(dú)自一人橫穿大西洋的。此處指“他在救生筏里孤獨(dú)地漂浮著”。故選B。2．A.fishB．holesC．crewD．chances答案：D根據(jù)上文“Hissupplieswerefew.”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,帆船沉沒(méi)了，他漂浮在救生筏上,希望渺茫。chance“機(jī)會(huì)”,被small修飾時(shí)意為“希望渺?！?符合語(yǔ)境。故選D.3．A。startedB．a(chǎn)rrivedC．roseD．disappeared答案：A根據(jù)上文“foundhimseventysixdayslater”,76天之后還活著，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，他只是比他開始橫穿大西洋時(shí)瘦多了.start意為“開始”,符合語(yǔ)境。故選A.4．A.coveredB．hurtC．caughtD．entered答案：Ccatchone'seye為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“引起某人注意，吸引眼球”，符合語(yǔ)境.故選C.5．A。pointB．companionC．sailorD．opportunity答案:ATherewas/seemednopointindoingsth。為固定句式，意為“做某事沒(méi)有意義”，此處表示繼續(xù)抗?fàn)幰呀?jīng)毫無(wú)意義。故選A。6．A.boardB．a(chǎn)bandonC．saveD．fix答案：D根據(jù)上文中的“l(fā)ifeboatwasbroken"并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，救生艇破了，他拖著虛弱的身軀花了一周多的時(shí)間來(lái)修理它。fix意為“修理”。故選D.7．A。starvedB．a(chǎn)ttackedC．disturbedD．sunburnt答案：A根據(jù)上文“Hissupplieswerefew.”以及第一段最后一句提到的76天之后他才獲救可推知,他應(yīng)該非常饑餓.故選A.8．A。excitedB．exhaustedC．a(chǎn)mazedD．shocked答案：B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他應(yīng)該是筋疲力盡了.exhausted“筋疲力盡的".故選B。9．A.toolsB．dreamsC．mindsD．hands答案:C根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Somethingthesurvivorsdowiththeirthoughtshelpsthemfindthe__11__tocarryon?！敝械摹皌houghts”可知，C項(xiàng)“minds”與“thoughts"照應(yīng),且與空格后的“thatgivethemthecouragetokeepgoing"意思相吻合,符合語(yǔ)境.故選C。10．A。similarlyB．physicallyC．mentallyD．differently答案：A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,許多與他類似的處于絕望處境中的人最終放棄了或發(fā)瘋了。故選A。11．A.luckB．directionC．courageD．compass答案：C根據(jù)本段第一句中的“thatgivethemthecouragetokeepgoing"中的“courage”可知，此處與其照應(yīng)，表示幫助他們找尋繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持的勇氣。故選C。12．A.handleB．delayC．realizeD．overlook答案：A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示Callahan告訴自己他可以應(yīng)付。handle意為“處理;應(yīng)付"。故選A.13．A.intoB．forC．a(chǎn)gainstD．through答案:D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)表示和其他人所經(jīng)歷的相比，Callahan認(rèn)為自己算是幸運(yùn)的。through在本句中意為“經(jīng)過(guò)（全部的過(guò)程或經(jīng)歷)"，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。14．A.bringingoutB．buildingupC．puttingforwardD．takingaway答案:B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,Callahan一遍又一遍地告訴自己這些事，并下定決心堅(jiān)持下去。buildup“增強(qiáng)".故選B.15．A.frightenedB．struckC．disappointedD．surprised答案：BItstrikesb。..。為固定句式，意為“某人突然想到……”，此處表示作者突然想到一些重要的事情，與下文具體的事情相照應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。16．A.farB．lowC．heavyD．bright答案：A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,當(dāng)“我”(作者)的目標(biāo)似乎遙不可及時(shí)，“我”就用它們來(lái)勉勵(lì)自己.faroff為固定搭配，意為“遙遠(yuǎn)的",符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。17．A。statusB．crossroadsC．tracksD．senses答案：D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,每每念及這幾句話,“我”總能有所醒悟。comebacktoone'ssenses“恢復(fù)理性,醒悟過(guò)來(lái)”.故選D。18．A。survivalB．voyageC．oceanD．experiment答案：A根據(jù)上述事件可知，此處是作者的感悟，表示處在生死邊緣時(shí)，要想起那些能夠給予我們力量的話。survival意為“生存”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。19．A.HoweverB．WhoeverC．WhateverD．Whichever答案:C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指無(wú)論你經(jīng)歷什么(艱難困苦），告訴自己你能挺過(guò)去.whatever意為“無(wú)論什么”,符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。20．A。smoothB．roughC．easyD．comfortable答案：B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，一遍一遍地用此話鼓勵(lì)自己,這個(gè)信念將會(huì)使你更有決心去渡過(guò)難關(guān).上文講的是主人公憑借堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的信念渡過(guò)難關(guān)的故事,故此處應(yīng)表示“渡過(guò)艱難險(xiǎn)阻”。故選B.Ⅱ。閱讀理解A(2020·深圳高級(jí)中學(xué)（集團(tuán))高三第一學(xué)期第一次測(cè)試)Welovethesea.Weswimintoit,livenearit,buildbesideit,andevenimagineaboutlivingunderthesea.Butwe'reterrifiedofit，too。Formuchofourhistory,wehaveturnedto“hardengineering”tocontrolthemarine（海洋）environmentandmanageitsinfluenceonus.Webuilddams,seawallsandchannels.Butalltheseeffortsseemtofail.Theseahasahabitoftakingbackitsown。Andwesuffer。Johnston，amarineecologist,isadvocatingfor“blueengineering”—themarineversionofthe“greenengineering"movementonlandthathasseennationslikeSingaporebuildingthewallsandroofsoftheconcretejunglewithplantlife.Weareexpandingfurtherintothemarineenvironment.Thispracticedoesharmtomarineecosystems.We'relovingtheseatodeath，butwe’venotbeenthinkingaboutdesignofstructures(建筑物)withrespecttoecology.Somecoastalstructurescreateshade，whichreducesthegrowthofseaweed。Brightlightsatnightcontusespeciessuchasturtles.That'swhyblueengineeringcomesin。Throughouttheworldpeoplearestartingtoturnthingsaround。ResearcherswiththeWorldHarbourProjectarecreatingtiles（瓦片)similartothenaturalstructuresfoundonrockyshoreswith3Dprintingtechnology.Thesemakemoreattractivehomesformarinecreatures.ResearchersarealsoactivelyseedingthesetileswithlocalseaweedsandcreaturessuchastheSydneyrockoyster，whichisparticularlygoodatimprovingwaterquality。Twelveharboursaroundtheworldaretakingpartinthismarinetileexperiment,eachworkingwiththeirownuniquemarinelife。It'sfarfromthedayswhenhugenumbersofoldtyreswerethrownintotheseatobuild“artificialreef(礁石）”。Thoseclumsyearlyattemptsarenowcostingmillionstoremove，showingjusthowfarwehaveyettogoinunderstandinghowbesttocohabitwiththeunderwaterworld。篇章導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講了引進(jìn)藍(lán)色海洋工程的原因以及如何實(shí)施藍(lán)色海洋工程。1．Whatdoweknowabout“hardengineering”?A．Ithasimprovedseaenvironment。B．Itcancontroltheinfluenceofsea.C．Ithasfailedtoachieveitspurpose.D．Itmakeslivingunderseaimpossible。答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Webuilddams，seawallsandchannels。Butalltheseeffortsseemtofail。Theseahasahabitoftakingbackitsown.Andwesuffer."可知，“hardengineering”未能達(dá)到它的目的。故選C。2．Para.3ismainlyaboutthe________tointroducetheprojectof“blueengineering"．A．drawbacks B．reasonsC．procedures D．measures答案：B段落大意題。第三段中的“Thispracticedoesharmtomarineecosystems。"與“That'swhyblueengineeringcomesin?！笨芍?，本段主要講了引進(jìn)“藍(lán)色工程”的原因。故選B。3．Whichofthefollowingisaformof“blueengineering”？A．Constructingbuildingswithplantlife.B．Expandingintomarineenvironments.C．Creatinganartificialreefwitholdtyres。D．Buildingstructuresbenefitingseacreatures。答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ResearcherswiththeWorldHarbourProjectarecreatingtiles（瓦片)similartothenaturalstructuresfoundonrockyshoreswith3Dprintingtechnology?！笨芍?，建造對(duì)海洋生物有益的結(jié)構(gòu)是“藍(lán)色工程”的一種形式。故選D。4．Whatisthewriter’sfeelingtowardsthepresentsituationofmarineenvironment?A．Relieved.B．Doubtful。C．Satisfied.D．Disappointed.答案：A推理判斷題。由第四段首句和最后一段首句可推知作者對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀持放心態(tài)度。relieved“放心”；doubtful“不確定的”;satisfied“滿意的”；disappointed“失望的”。故選A。BWhatareyourretirementplans?Keepworking?Getmoreexercise?Orlearnsomethingnew？Youmayput_them_on_hold.There’sachancethat，soonerorlater，youmighthavetomovefurtherthanyouwerethinking，asfarasMars(火星）．OnThursday，NationalGeographicwillshowthefirsteverMarsshowhome,givingearthlingsanideaofwhattheirlifecouldlooklikeontheRedPlanet.Setinthenotsodistantyearof2037,theiglooshapedstructurecouldbethehomeofyourfuture.ItshowsahousebuiltusingrecycledspacecraftpartsandMartiansoil,calledregolith,whichhasbeenmicrowavedintobricks.Somepartsofthehomearerecognisable-kitchen，bedroom-buttherearefundamentaldifferencesthatarevitalforhumansurvival。AstheMartianatmosphereisaroundonehundredthasthickastheEarth’s,peoplewillneedpermanentshelterfromthesunandsocietywillmovelargelyindoors。Mostbuildingswillbeconnectedbyundergroundpassagesandthehouseswon'thavewindows.Thehomeswillhavesimulatedsolarlighting，ornaturallightthathasbeenbentseveraltimes.Wallswillneedtobe10to12feetthick,toprotectpeoplefromdangerousraysthatcanpassthroughsixfeetofsteel,andadoubleairlockedentrancetokeepthehomeunderproperpressure?！癢edon'tthinkofourhousesasthingsthatkeepusalive,butonMarsyourhousewillbeasurvivalcentre，"saysStephenPetranek，authorofHowWe’llLiveonMars.Thisisnotjustthestuffofscifi.“TentotwentyyearsfromnowtherewillcertainlybepeopleonMars，"Petraneksays.“We'vehadthetechnologyfor30yearstolandpeopleonMars,butwehaven’thadthewill，"Petraneksays.“Buttwomainfactorshavecompletelyswungpublicattitudes。Theprivatecompanies'participationhasforcedgovernmentagenciestouptheirgame,andinfluentialfilmssuchasGravityandTheMartianhavecaughtsociety'seye?！逼聦?dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要闡釋了人類未來(lái)在火星上居住的愿景.5．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“putthemonhold"inParagraph1probablymean?A．Putthemoff。B．Givethemaway.C．Carrythemthrough.D．Takethemseriously。答案：A詞義猜測(cè)題.根據(jù)第一段畫線部分上下文可推知,之前列舉的退休計(jì)劃都可能被擱置下來(lái)，而去火星居住遲早會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí),故選A。6．AccordingtoPetranek,whathasspeduptheprocessofsendingpeopletoMars?A．ThegreatinfluenceofMarsshowhome。B．Thedevelopmentofrelatedtechnology.C．Thecompetitionfromprivatecompanies。D．ThepopularityofinfluentialbooksonMars。答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theprivatecompanies’participationhasforcedgovernmentagenciestouptheirgame”可知，Petranek認(rèn)為一些私人企業(yè)的參與推進(jìn)了送人類去火星居住這一設(shè)想的進(jìn)程,故選C.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．LivingonMars：PossibleorNotB．SendingPeopletoMars:YesorNoC．FirstEverShowHome：HowIsItMadeD．FutureHomeonMars：WhatWillItBelike答案:D標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)全文的整體內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要闡釋了人類未來(lái)在火星上居住的愿景,故選D。Ⅲ。短文改錯(cuò)(2020·惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研考試試題)Tosupporttheactivityname“GreenTravel,StartwithMe\”,Italkto