專題主謂一致備戰(zhàn)年高考英語精選考點(diǎn)突破精美

主謂一致一、主謂一致原則主謂一致是指主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。一般遵循下列原則：1.

語法一致原則：主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上一致。主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.

意義一致原則：謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語的意義。有時(shí)主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語根據(jù)意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式；有時(shí)主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語根據(jù)意義應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。3.

就近一致原則：謂語動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致。如Therebe;either...or...;neither...nor...;notonly...butalso...等。二、主謂一致的具體應(yīng)用1.名詞作主語1)集體名詞作主語，如果表示整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類名詞有：army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population等。

有些集合名詞如cattle,people,police等，通?？醋鲝?fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Theteamisthebestintheleague.Theteamaredrivingtothegameintheirowncars.（隊(duì)員們）

Thepolicearealsolookingforasecondcar.2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義來決定謂語形式。常見的這類名詞有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works（工廠）等。

e.g.Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnoneofthemworked.Allpossiblemeansareconsidered,butnonecanhandletheproblem.3)表示單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞，（如：學(xué)科、機(jī)構(gòu)、書名、劇名）等作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。

e.g.Ethicsisthestudyoftheprinciplesofrightandwronginhumanconduct.TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.4)表成雙成對的名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有apairof,akindof等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。

e.g.ThesunglassesIboughtlastweeklookverycool.Apairofsunglasseswasputonherhead.5)當(dāng)名詞短語中心詞為表示距離、金額、時(shí)間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

e.g.Twomilesisasfarastheycanwalk.Twentypoundswasmissingfrommypocket.Tenyearsisamomentinhistory.6)“the+形容詞或過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),如表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),這類詞有wounded,rich,unemployed,blind等。

e.g.Theunemployedleadamiserablelife.7)“morethanone/manya+單數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式;“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

e.g.Morethanonestudenthassaidso.Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.Morefriendsthanonehavebeeninvitedtotheparty.8)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)。

e.g.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsinthathospitalarewomen.2.代詞作主語1)由代詞each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another以及合成代詞something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)。

e.g.Theyhaveproducedtworeportsandneithercontainsanyusefulsuggestions.Everyonehastheirownideasaboutthebestwaytosolvethisproblem.2)關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。

e.g.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.（先行詞是smallhouses）MrsSmith,whohasalotofteachingexperience,willbejoiningusinthespring.（先行詞是MrsSmith）3)all,most,none,some等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所代替的內(nèi)容來定。

e.g.Iinvitedmyfivesistersandallhavecome.Wehadthreecatsoncebutnoneisalivenow.3.由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語1)用and或both...and...連接并列主語，如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但由and連接的并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的可數(shù)名詞不帶冠詞。e.g.BothsheandSophiahaveagreedtobepresent.Breadandbutterishisfavoritefood.ApoetandartistiscomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.2)當(dāng)主語后跟有說明主語的修飾語，如用with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto與修飾語連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語保持一致。

e.g.Theactress,alongwithhermanagerandsomefriends,isgoingtoapartytonight.Thebusdriveraswellasseveralpassengershassurvivedtheaccident.3)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與鄰近的主語相一致。

e.g.NeitheryounorIamresponsibleforthewholething.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.4.從句及非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語1)名詞性從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的從句由and連接表兩個(gè)概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。另外,what從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由其表示的意義來決定。e.g.Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Wherethestarwillgoandwhathewilldohavenotbeenannouncedtothepublic.Whatthatkidneedsissomeloveandaffection.Whattheworkersneedbadlyarepracticalskills.2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語或不定式短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。

e.g.Usingtherighthandtoshakehandsisatraditioninmanycountries.Tostoptheworknowseemsimpossible.1.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection_______(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020新高考全國I)2.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,say,“becauseit_______(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”(2020全國I)ismeans3.ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers________(carry)specialsignificance.(2020全國II)4.Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthat_______everyone.(2020江蘇)A.suitB.suitedC.suitsD.hassuitedcarriesC5.Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand_______aroundthatleveleversince.(2020天津)A.areremainingB.haveremainedC.isremainingD.hasremained6.Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood__________(need).(2020浙江)Dwasneeded7.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six______(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.(2019全國I)are8.Dosethenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion__________________(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.(2019北京)suggests/suggested/hassuggested9.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,____awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.(2019天津)

A.isgivenB.aregivenC.wasgivenD.weregivenC10.Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody________________(have)toworryaboutfashion.(2019浙江)has/willhave11.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers______tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.(2019江蘇)

A.givesB.hasgivenC.havegivenD.give12.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_______moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.(2018全國I)BisI.用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Anumberofemployeesinthecompanyatpresent________part-timeworkers.2.Onehundreddollars________spentonanewcoatyesterday.3.Thesetwoareforyou.Therest________tobesenttoothers.4.Fiftymiles________notagreatdistanceifyouhaveacar.5.Mostofthework________completedbythedisabledmanyesterdaymorning.arewasareiswas6.Alargepercentageofvoters________againsttheproposalnow.7.Shewonthematchwithoutanydifficultybecausenoneofherchallengers________present.8.Skippingmeals________abadwaytoloseweight.9.Thegroup________inabadmoodandtheydidnotwanttotalktoanyone.arewas/wereiswere10.Fishandchips________afamousBritishdish.11.EitheryouorI________goingtohavetotakehimtotheshop.12.Whydifferentpeoplepreferdifferentcolors________notknown.isamisII.用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面短文。TheConstitution1.________(be)themostimportantdocumentintheU.S.government.Alllaws2.________(come)fromthisdocument.Eachstate3.________(have)itsownconstitution,too,buttheUnitedStatesConstitutionhasmorepower.TheConstitutionalsosetuptheUnitedStatesgovernmentthatweknowtoday.There4.________(be)threebranches,orparts,ofgovernment:legislative,executive,andjudiciary.iscomehasareThewritersoftheConstitutionmadethegovernmentthiswaysothatnosinglepersonorgroupcouldhavetoomuchpower.Thelegislativebranch,whichincludestheCongress,5.________(make)thelaws.Theexecutivebranch,whichincludesthepresidentandvice-presidentoftheUnitedStates,ensuresthatthelawsarefollowed.Thejudiciarybranch,whichincludestheSupremeCourt,6.________(look)atlawsanddecideswhethertheyagreewiththeConstitution.makeslooksⅢ.找出下面短文中的錯(cuò)誤并改正。A

TheColumbiaIcefieldTheRockyMountains,ontheborderoftheprovincesofAlbertaandBritishColumbia,hasmanyattractionsfortourists.OneattractionistheColumbiaIcefield.Thishugefieldofancienticecover125squarekilometers.havecoversTheAthabasca,StutfieldandDomeglaciers(冰河)makeuptheicefield.Astheicemelts,thewaterflowintofourmajorriversystems.ThesesystemsistheColumbia,Fraser,MackenzieandSaskatchewan.Themeltedwatermovesdowntheseriversintothreedifferentoceans,thePacific,ArcticandAtlantic.flowsareThishighpointinacontinent’swatersystemiscalleda“hydrologicalapex(水文頂點(diǎn))”,andtheColumbiaIcefieldisoneofonlytwosuchapexesintheworld.TouristsvisittheicefieldfromApriltoOctobereachyear.Walkingtoursandcoacht