簡明實用英語匯總

第一單元英語字母元音字母和輔音字母英語字母共有26個。其中A,E,I,O,U是元音字母，其余的是輔音字母，但字母Y有時也可作為元音字母。元音字母是組成單詞的基本要素，因而英語單詞中均有元音字母，而輔音字母不能單獨構(gòu)成單詞。英語音素及讀音規(guī)則英語的國際音標(biāo)共有48個，它能幫助我們正確地朗讀單詞。按規(guī)定音標(biāo)必須寫在方括號[]內(nèi)，以示與英語字母的區(qū)別。下列為英語48個音素的分類表；48個英語音標(biāo)表（20個元音+28個輔音）單元音(12個)短元音[i][?][?][u][Λ][?][e]長元音[i:][?:][?:][u:][ɑ:]雙元音(8個)[ai][ei][?i][au][?u][i?][e?][u?]清濁成對的輔音（10對）清輔音[p][t][k][f][?][s][tr][ts][∫][t∫]濁輔音[b][d][g][v][e][z][dr][dz]

[?][d?]其他輔音（8個）[h][m][n][?][l][r][w][j][i]lip[?]tomato[?]box[u]book[Λ]cup[?]apple[i:]tea[?:]bird[?:]ball[u:]food[ɑ:]car[e]egg[ai]bike[au]cow[i?]ear[ei]table[?u]boat[e?]bear[?i]boy[u?]tourist[p]potato[t]tomato[k]cow[f]food[?]thank[s]sea[b]bird[d]dog[g]goose[v]van[e]this[z]zoo[tr]tree[ts]cats[∫]shoes[t∫]trouser[dr]drive[dz]

beds[?]pleasure[d?]job[h]hat[m]meat[n]nail[?]wing[l]leg[r]rat[w]wall[j]yes分類詞匯二ClassifiedGlossariesII）船員職務(wù)名稱（NameforTheRanksofShip’sCrew）甲板部(DeckDepartment)Captain(master)船長Chiefofficer(chiefmate,firstmate)大副Secondofficer(secondmate)二副Thirdofficer(thirdmate)三副Assistantofficer駕助radioofficer(radiooperator)報務(wù)員Bosun(boatswain)水手長carpenter木匠quartermaster舵工Ableseaman(A.B)一水ordinaryseaman（O.S）二水輪機(jī)部（EngineDepartment）Chiefengineer輪機(jī)長secondengineer大管輪Thirdengineer二管輪Fourthengineer三管輪assistantengineer輪助Electricalengineer電機(jī)員No1oiler機(jī)工長（加油長）motorman機(jī)工Oiler加油(機(jī)工)cleaner(wiper)清潔工electrician電工服務(wù)部（Steward’sDepartment）Purser(chiefsteward)管事cock廚師chiefcock大廚steward服務(wù)員Doctor醫(yī)生secondcock二廚分類詞匯三（ClassifiedGlossariesiii）船舶結(jié)構(gòu)名稱（NamefortheStructureofaship）Stern船尾steeringgearroom舵機(jī)室deckhouse甲板室Storeroom儲藏室forepeak前尖艙NO.1hold1號艙Engineroom機(jī)艙starboard右舷port左舷escapetrunk逃生口Funnel煙囪accommodationdeck起居甲板rudder舵練習(xí)按下面順序朗讀26個字母ABDCFGHIJKLMNVWXYOPQRSTUVWXYZ拼讀下列音標(biāo)【meik】[rein][heist][weiv][reid][led][tel][red][west][set][miks][hit][zip][rid][wil][i:v][mi:t][ri:l][hi:p][wi:v][main][taip][vain][saiz][wain][[∫eik][∫ift][drai][dres][trai]熟練讀出下列各名稱的英文遠(yuǎn)洋船ocean-goingship內(nèi)燃機(jī)船motorvessel(M.V.)

蒸汽機(jī)船steamship(S.S.)汽輪機(jī)船turbinesteamer

柴油機(jī)船dieselengineship機(jī)動船power-drivenvesselCaptain(master)船長Chiefofficer(chiefmate,firstmate)大副Secondofficer(secondmate)二副Thirdofficer(thirdmate)三副Chiefengineer輪機(jī)長secondengineer大管輪Thirdengineer二管輪Fourthengineer三管輪assistantengineer輪助會話Doyouunderstand?Yes.Ido.No,Idon’t 懂了嗎？懂了。不懂Areyouready?Yes,Weare.準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？準(zhǔn)備好了。Classisover.下課了It’stimeforlunch午飯時間到了。第二單元問候（Greeting）告別（farewell）本課學(xué)習(xí)重點：Togreetsomebody問候別人Tofarewellsomebody與人告別UsefulExpressions只要是朋友都能用的：How’severything?Howisyourfamily?Howisyourwork?Everythingisgood.Quitewell.Thankyou.Justsameasusual.What’sup?I’mok.JustsosoPrettygood.I’mveryterrible.Howareyou?Fine,thankyouandyou?第一次見面：Nicetomeetyou.Gladtomeetyou.Howdoyoudo？很久沒見的朋友：Longtimenosee.一般問候GoodmorningGoodafternoonGoodeveningGoodnightWelcomeonaboardWelcometoDalian5．再見常用說法Goodbyeseeyoulater一般用法TakecareSeeyousoonSolong(用于較熟的朋友)約定下次見面時間的用法Seeyoutomorrow(nextweek,onMonday,etc)DialoguesA:Hello,Mike.B:Hi，David.Howareyou?A:Fine,thanks.Howareyou?B：Oh,Justsoso.2）A:I’vecometosaygoodbye.B:whenareyouoff?A:I’mflyinghomeinthisafternoon.B:Well,goodbye.Seeyousoon.A：Pleasedon’tforgettosaygoodbyetotherestofyourfamilyforme.練習(xí)早上好，麥克。您早。工作怎么樣？還行。家里好嗎？很好，謝謝。等會見。下個星期見。第三單元ThanksandApologies本科學(xué)習(xí)重點:Thanks感謝Apologies道歉Thanks感謝他人:ThankyouThankyouverymuchThankyouforyourhelp.Iappreciateitverymuch我非常感激It’sverykindofyou你真好對他人感謝的回應(yīng):You’rewelcome.不用謝It’smypleasure..Don’tmentionit.不用謝。別客氣Notatall.沒什么It’snothing沒什么Apologies向他人道歉:Sorry.I’msorryfortroublingyou對不起麻煩你了Pardonme對不起請原諒Excuseme對不起Pleaseforgiveme請原諒我It’smyfault.這是我的錯Imustapologize.我必須道歉對他人道歉的回應(yīng)：Notatall.Itdoesn’tmatter.沒關(guān)系It’snotyourfault.這不是你的錯Nevermind不要緊沒關(guān)系Don’tworry別擔(dān)心。That’sallright.那沒什么。DialoguesO-dutyofficerCCaptainAagentO:ThisisourCaptain.ThisourAgent.C:Howdoyoudo,Mr.Agent?A:Howdoyoudo,Captain?C:I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.A:It’snothing.C:Sitdown,please.Haveacigarette.A：Thanks。C：MayIknowyourname?A:MynameisMike.C:Mr.Mike,haveacupoftea?A:HowniceChinatea!IlikeitverymuchC:Mr.Mike,lunchisready.Havelunchwithusonboard.A:No,thankyou.Imustbeoffnow.Good–bye!C:Good-bye!練習(xí)非常感謝你的幫助很高興可以幫助你請原諒我的錯誤那不是你的錯。對不起，讓你久等了。沒關(guān)系對不起，稍等一會。John:I’msorryfortroublingyou.Mike:A:Fine,thankyou.B：It’snothingatall.C:I’mastudent.第四單元數(shù)詞（Numeral）基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞（CardinalNumeralsandOrdinalNumerals）阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字基數(shù)序數(shù)序數(shù)縮寫1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd4fourfourth4th5fivefifth5th6sixsixth6th7sevenseventh7th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th10tententh10th11eleveneleventh11th12twelvetwelfth12th13thirteenthirteenth13th14fourteenfourteenth14th15fifteenfifteenth15th16sixteensixteenth16th17seventeenseventeenth17th18eighteeneighteenth18th19nineteennineteenth19th20twentytwentieth20th30thirtythirtieth30th40fortyfortieth40th50fiftyfiftieth50th60sixtysixtieth60th70seventyseventieth70th80eightyeightieth80th90ninetyninetieth90th100a(one)hundredhundredth100th1,000a(one)thousandthousandth1,000th1,000,000a(one)millionmillionth1,000,000th100,000,000a(one)billionbillionth100,000,000th任何非整十位數(shù)的兩位數(shù)，是由相應(yīng)的整十位數(shù)加個位數(shù)構(gòu)成，期間用連字號““例如：39thirty-nine54fifty-four72seventy-two86eighty-six任何三位或三位以上的數(shù)字，是由相應(yīng)的百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)間用連詞and連接構(gòu)成（也有不用and的情況）例如：491fourhundredandninety-one.650sixhundredandfifty（或sixhundredfifty）3,872threethousandeighthundredandseventy-two.在三位或三位以上的數(shù)字，hundred,thousand,million等不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。多位序數(shù)詞用將相應(yīng)基數(shù)詞的個位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞的方法構(gòu)成。例如：第二十四twenty-fourth第一百五十八onehundredandfifty-eighth第六百九十二sixhundredandninety-second第三千八百七十五threethousandeighthundredandsevety-fifth序數(shù)詞的縮寫式，是在相應(yīng)阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后面加上序數(shù)詞最后兩個字母。例如：1st,2nd,3rd,5th,21st,42nd,63rd,84th,197th等其他數(shù)字等的表示法1分?jǐn)?shù)詞分?jǐn)?shù)詞是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起構(gòu)成，分子是用基數(shù)詞，分母是用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時，分母用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。列如：1/2onehalf或者onesecond2/3twothirds3/4threefourths2小數(shù)的讀數(shù)3.764讀作threepointsevensixfour0.02讀作zeropointzerotwo98.052讀作ninety-eightpointzerofivetwo3百分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法82%讀作eighty–twopercent0.75%讀作pointseventy-fivepercent4.其他Degreeminutesecond10030’6”tendegreethirtyminutesixsecond練習(xí)讀出下列數(shù)字4959683248963,4561,23434,678391,4562,376,123寫出下列的英文表達(dá)方式86%76.4315048、17”7/9三又四分之三Findtherightnumbers第五單元時間和日期（TimeandDates）Expressionoftime時間的表達(dá)方式Expressionofdates日期的表達(dá)方式1UsefulExpressionsWhattimeisit?8:00It’seighto’clock.8:05It’sfivepasteight.(It’seightfive.)8:15It’saquarterpasteight.（It’seightfifteen.）8:30It’shalfpasteight.(It’seightthirty.)8:45It’sfifteentonine.(It’seightfortyfive.)Whatdayistoday?TodayisMonday.It’sMonday.(Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,Sunday).What’sthedatetoday?TodayisJune1st.It’sJune1st.TodayisJune3rd.It’sJune3rd.TodayisJune14th.It’sJune14th.Whatarethemonthsinayear?TheyareJanuary.（February,March,April,May,June,August,September,October,November,andDecember.）What’sthefourseasonsinayear?Theyarespring,summer,autumnandwinter.2.Dialogues1.A:Excuseme,Whattimeisit?B:It’sseventwenty.A：Haveacupofcoffee.Ok?B:Sorry,Imustgotoworkonseventhirty..A:Isee,howabouttwelveo’clock?B:NOproblem,seeyou.2.C-captainS—steersmanT—thirdofficerC:We’llentertheharborthismorning.S:Doweneedapilot?C:Thepilotwillbeonboardathalfpast14,what’sthetimenow?S:It’s14:20T:Ithinkyourwatchis5minutesslow.Mineis14:25S:Really?Letmeadjustit.3.A:Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?B:Threeweeks.A：TomorrowisJuly4th.It’sthenationalDayoftheAmericans.B:Ournationaldayisthe1stofOctober.It’sinautumn,aharvestseason.Adjust調(diào)整harvest豐收的練習(xí)（Exercises）TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:幾點了？2.八點一刻3.九點五十五4.十點半5.今天星期幾？6.今天星期四7.今天幾號？8.我的表走得準(zhǔn).9.我的表壞了10.國慶節(jié)11.收獲的季節(jié)12.早上進(jìn)港II．ExpressthemeaningofthefollowingsentencesinEnglish:現(xiàn)在幾點了？我的表壞了。快9：30了。2）我的表走得很準(zhǔn)。是嗎？那我的慢了5分鐘3）今天幾號？八月二十二號你們在這里多長時間了？2個星期了。5）明天是星期幾？禮拜六。第六單元電話禮儀（MakingaPhoneCall）本課學(xué)習(xí)重點：Callingsomeboday打電話給某人Pickingupthetelephone接電話UsefulExpressions打電話：ThisisMikeSpeakingHello?IsthatJohn?IsthatBridge?Can/MayIspeaktoJohn?I’dliketospeaktoJohnExtension6721,Please.接電話：ThisisJohnspeaking.Who’sspeaking,please?Holdon,pleasePleaseholdtheline.MayIhaveyourname?常用語：Sorry,wrongnumber.Itisoccupied.Thenumberisengaged.Thelineisbusy.CanIleaveamessage?CanItakeamessage?Amoment,Please.Oneminute,Please.Canyouhearme?Couldyouspeaklouder?I’llringbacklater.Couldyouringbacklater?PleasediallaterThephoneisoutoforder.DialoguesMike:Hello,mayIspeaktoJohn?John:ThisisJohnspeaking.Mike:Icalledyou10minutesbefore,youarenotin.John:Igoouttotoilet.What’sthematter?Mike:WouldyoupleasetellmethephonenumberofTom?John:Oneminute,please.Thenumberis86593271Mike:Hi,John,couldyouspeaklouder?Ican’thearyou.John:8-6-5-9-3-2-7-1.Mike:Ok,Igotit.Thankyou.練習(xí)（Exercises）Hello,whoisthis______?SpeakB.callC.SpeakingWouldyoumindleavinga______?A.CallB.messageC.telephone3)MayIhavehim_____youback?A.seeB.tellC.call4）CanI____toMr.Zhang?A.speakB.seeC.make5)Couldyouspeakalittle____?A.moreB.louderC.loaderExpressthemeaningofthefollowingsentencesinEnglish：你好，我可以和王先生通電話嗎？請問你是哪一位？他不在，你可以留言給他。哦，那不用了，謝謝第七單元問路（askingtheway）本課學(xué)習(xí)重點：Askingtheway問路Givingdirections指路UsefulExpressionsAskingthewayExcuseme!Couldyoudirectmeto(theport)?Excuseme!Whereis(thebank)?Excuseme!HowdoIgetto(theport)?Excuseme!Couldyoutellmethewayto(thesupermarket)?Ifyouwantspecialdirections,use:Whichisthequickestwayto(thePostoffice)?What’sthebestwayto(thecitydowntown)?Askingaboutdistances,use:Howfarisit?Howlongwillittake(onfoot/bycar/bybus)?CanIdoitin(tenminutes)?ShouldItake(ataxi)?GivingdirectionsIt’snearthe(hospital).Gostraighton/ahead.Turnleft/rightatthe(second)street.Gotowards(thepark)andturnleft.Cross/goacrosstheroadGoover/underthebridge.GoalongthestreetGopastthe（Postoffice）Toidentifytheplace,use:It’sthefirststreetIt’sthefirstontheleft/rightIt’sontheleft/righthandsideoftheroad.Totellpeopledistance,use:It’squitefar.It’stoofartowalk.It’snotveryfar/It’squitenearhere.It’sabout(two)kilometers.It’s(tenminutes)onfoot/walking.It’s(threeminutes)bycar/drivingIt’s(anhour’s)walk/drive.Youshouldtake(ataxi)DialoguesA:Excuseme,Sir.Iamasailor.Ilostmyway.B:whatcanIdoforyou?A:Couldyoutellmehowtogettotheharbor?B:Look,gopastthathighbuilding,youcanfindabusstation.A:What’sthenumberofthebus?B:No.73,andgetoffattheterminalstation.A:Howlongwillittake?B:oh,it’sfarfromhere.Abouthalfanhour.A:Thankyouverymuch.練習(xí)(Exercises)Howlongwillittakeby______?A．FootB.busC.going2)Go_____thehospitalandturnleft.A.downB.inC.towards3)Walk_____thisroadtothecrossroad.A.intoB.downC.in4)Couldyoutellmehowto_____theairport?A.runB.wayC.getto5)Youcangettotheharborbybus,andgetoffatthe____station.A.TaxiB.subwayC.terminal6)Youcangotothecitycenterby_____.A.footB.runC.subway第八單元購物（shopping）本科學(xué)習(xí)重點：Tobuysomething買東西Talkingaboutprice討價還價UsefulExpressionTheshopassistantwillsaytoyouinadepartmentstore:Can(May)Ihelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Areyoulookingforsomething?2）Ifyouwanttobuyanythingyoushouldanswer.Haveyouanynylonsocks?I’dliketotryonthisjacketIamlookingfora(electricrazor)Iwanttogetsometrousers.3DiscussingcolorHaveyougotanothercolor?Thisistoodark/toolight.Ilike/don’tlike(thiscolor).4TalkingaboutpriceIt’sonsalestoday,20%discountofftheprice.Howmuchisit/arethey?What’sthepriceofthisone?Haveyougotanythingcheaper/moreexpensive?That’scheap/expensive;It’stooexpensive.It’sabitmorethanIexpected.(我沒想到這么貴)Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.TalkingaboutsizeWhatsizeisit?Willthisfitme?Haveyougotanythingbigger/smaller？Haveyougotthisinabigger/smallersize?Itis/theyaretoobig/smallshort/long/tight/loose.Itlooksabitsmall.Anythingbigger?DialoguesA:MayIhelpyou.sir?B:Yes,please.I’dliketobuyapairofshoes.A:Whichkindofshoes?B:Runningshoes.A:Howaboutthose?Theyareonsalestoday.B:Howmuch?A:$30,15%discountofftheprice.B:MayItryon?A:Yes,ofcourse.Whichsizedoyouwear?B:Size42.練習(xí)（Exercises）Haveyougot_____color?AnotherB.othersC.other2）Howaboutablackone?It’s_____.A.outofuseB.SoldoutC.outoforder3)How_____isthattogether?200yuan.A.manyB.muchC.long4)I’dliketobuyapairof____.A.booksB.tablesC.shoes5)It’son____today,10%discountofftheprice.A.saleB.cheapC.discountExpressthemeaningofthefollowingsentencesinEnglish:你好先生，想買點什么？我想買雙鞋。2）請問手機(jī)有什么牌子的？您想買哪一個牌子的呢？3）能便宜點嗎？今天打折。20%的折扣。第九單元AttheCustoms(海關(guān)用語)本課學(xué)習(xí)重點：Questionsbycustomsofficer海關(guān)官員的提問Answer回答UsefulExpressions海關(guān)官員：Showmeyourpassportdocument.Showyourpassport.please.MayIseeyourdeclaration?(申報，報關(guān))Whereisyourvaccinationcertificate?(預(yù)防接種)Pleasefillinthisform.Anythingtodeclare?(有應(yīng)該上稅的物品嗎)DoyouhaveRMBnoteswithyou?Howmuchforeigncurrencyareyoucarrying?What’sinthesuitcase?Pleaseopenit.Thisisadutiablearticle(這是一件應(yīng)該交稅的物品)What’sthepurposeofyourtrip?Whereareyoufrom?Liquidsareforbiddenfromcarryinginthehandbag.通關(guān)人員：Hereyouare.Yes,Iwillfillintheform.No,nothingtodeclare.Ihave1000YuanRMBand100U.Sdollars.Thereareclothesandbooksinit.I’mgoingtoworkonboardaship.I’mfromChina.CanItakemythingsaway?DialoguesA:Showyourpassport.B：Hereyouare.A：Whereareyoufrom?B:IcomefromChina.A:IsyournameWangHui?B:No,no,WangHua.A:Sorry.What’syourbusiness?B:I’mgoingtoworkonboardaship.Theshipisnowinyourcountry.A:Pleaseopenyoursuitcase.B:Yes,pleasecheck.A:What’sinit.B:Thereareclothes,books,daily-usegoodsandsoon.A：Theshampooisforbiddenfromcarryinginyourhandbag.B:Sorry,Idon’tknowthat.SowhatshallIdo.A:youcanabandonit,orconsignit.B:Yes,IseeIconsignit.A:Howmuchforeigncurrencyareyoucarrying?B：Only100U.S.dollars.A:Ok,Pleasegoahead.B:Thankyou.練習(xí)（Exercises）Showmeyourpassport,please.__________.IamfromChinaB.HereyouareC.Ihavenothingtodeclare.Thisisa_____article.DutyB.watchC.duty-freePlease______inthisform.SpillB.fillC.fromWhat’sthe_____ofyourtrip?PositiveB.supposeC.purposeWhereisyourVaccination____?CertificateB.passportC.VisaExpressthemeaningofthefollowingsentencesinEnglish:不允許在手提箱里放白酒。好的，明白你到我們國家的目的是什么。我在這里上船工作第十單元介紹（Introduction）本科學(xué)習(xí)重點：Introduceoneself自我介紹Introducesomeoneelse介紹他人UsefulExpressions自我介紹MayIintroducemyself?Letmeintroducemyself.I’mJohn.MynameisJohn.I’maseaman.Howdoyoudo?I’mBruce.2）介紹他人MayIintroduceMike?PleaseletmeintroduceMike.I’dliketointroduceyoutohim.John,thisismike.Mikeisamotorman.ThisisMike.船員英語面試基本試題1.

Nicetomeetyou!(很高興見到你)

It’sverynicetomeetyou!（非常高興見到你）

Gladtomeetyou!

2.

What’syourname?（你叫什么名字）Couldyoutellmewhatyournameis?（能告訴我你叫什么名子嗎？）

答：IamXXX.或MynameisXXX.

Whereareyoufrom?(你是那里人？)11.Howoldareyou?(你多大？)

答：Iam27yearsold.（我27歲）

3.Whenwereyouborn?（你什么時候出生？）

答：Iwasborninnineteenseventy-three.(我1973年出生。)

答：Iamfromlianyungang.(我是連云港人)

4.Areyoumarried?（你結(jié)婚了嗎？）

答：Yes,Iam.

5.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?(你家里有幾口人？)

答：Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.Mywife,sonandI.(有三口人，我的妻子、兒子和我)

6.Howlonghaveyoueverworkedonboard?(你曾經(jīng)在船上工作過多長時間)

答：Ihaveeverworkedonboardfortenyears.(我曾經(jīng)在船工作10年)

7.Whichcompanydidyouserve?(你在那家公司服務(wù)過？)

Whichcompanydidyouworkfor?

答：IhaveservedforLianyungangshippingcorp.(我在連云港船務(wù)公司服務(wù)過)

8.ArethoseshipsyouworkedallChineseones?(你工作過的那些船是不是都是中國船)？

答：No,IworkedonChineseshipsabout3years,and1yearonboardundertheLiberianflag.(不我在中國船上工作了三年，在利比里亞的船上工作了一年)

9.WhatisthenameoftheLiberianshipandwhat’shertonnage?(利比里亞船是哪一類船，噸位是多少？)

答：Sheisabulkcarrier,hergrosstonnageisover30thousandtonnage.(是一艘散貨船，總噸3萬多)

10.WerethecrewallChinese?(船員都是中國人？)

答：No,theyweren’t,includingme;therewereonly4Chineseinthedeckdepartment.Wejoinedtheshipatthesametime.Whiletheotherscamefromdifferentcou