2023年初中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之非謂語動詞用法與高頻考點(diǎn)

2023年初中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之非謂語動詞用法與高頻考點(diǎn)非謂語動詞用法在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式，動名詞，和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。1）不定式時態(tài)'語態(tài)一般式完成式2）1）不定式時態(tài)'語態(tài)一般式完成式2）動名詞時態(tài)'語態(tài)一般式完成式3）分詞時態(tài)'語態(tài)一般式完成式否定形式:主動todotohavedone主動doinghavingdone主動doinghavingdonenot+不定式，被動tobedonetohavebeen被動beingdonehavingbeen被動beingdonehavingbeen+動名詞，donedonedonenot+現(xiàn)在分詞非謂語動詞的作用Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.Butunlikeschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term (rest).Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Still,theboykept(ride).【考點(diǎn)七】v./短語+todo1.Pickingupher^LifetimeAchievement^award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.【考點(diǎn)八】n.+done表被動Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Theadobedwellings(土坯房)(build)bythepuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.【考點(diǎn)九】todo表目的ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-4(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewell-knownpainter.Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn11helpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake(get)there.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.Ittookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.短文改錯【考點(diǎn)一】doing-done互換（2020全國卷I）Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.【考點(diǎn)二】todo不定式原形Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity,otherswerenervousandanxious.Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthevegetables.【考點(diǎn)三】，doingAllthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.【考點(diǎn)四】介詞+doingIfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.非謂語動詞除去不能做謂語之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具體如下。.不定式：做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.（作主語）學(xué)會一門外語是很難的。It'seasytoseetheiraunt.（作真正主語，it做形式主語）很容易見到他們的姑姑。Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.（作賓語）湯姆想要喝杯啤酒。Hiswishistobeadriver.（作表語）他的愿望是當(dāng)一名司機(jī)。Ihavenothingtosay.（作定語）我沒有什么可說的。Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises. （作賓語補(bǔ)足語）老師讓我們做早操。Theywenttoseetheiraunt.（目的狀語）他們?nèi)ヒ娝麄兊墓霉谩?動名詞：做主語、賓語、表語、定語和補(bǔ)語。LearningEnglishisverydifficult.（作主語）學(xué)英語非常困難。Ienjoydancing.（作動詞賓語）我喜歡跳舞。Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.（作介詞賓語）我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。Hisjobisdrivingabus.（作表語）他的工作是開車。.現(xiàn)在分詞：做表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。Thestoryisinteresting.這個故事有趣。Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.（作狀語）他坐在那里，讀著一張報紙。Theareabeingstudiedmayberichincoal.（作定語）這個正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。Hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank.（作賓補(bǔ)）他看到小偷正在從銀行偷錢。.過去分詞：做表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。Heisinterestedinthenews.（作表語）他對這則消息很感興趣。pollutedriver（做定語）被污染的河流Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（做狀語）如果再被多給些時間，我會把工作做得更好。Ifoundmywatchstolen.（做賓補(bǔ)）我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的手表被偷了。Ilikedivingverymuch.我十分喜歡跳水這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動。動名詞diving作賓語，用來表達(dá)跳水運(yùn)動這一概念，不含有本人是否會跳水這一含義。Idontliketheirarguingaboutitwithsuchpeople.我反感他們?yōu)榱四羌屡c那樣一些人大吵大鬧。動名詞短語theirarguing作賓語，用來表達(dá)過去發(fā)生過的事情。2）remember,forgetYoumustremembertogetintouchwiththelocalguidewhenyougetthere.你們一定要記住到那以后與當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游取得聯(lián)系。不定式短語togetintouchwith作賓語，用來表示未來即將發(fā)生的動作。Iremembertellingthemaboutitonce.我記得曾經(jīng)跟他們說過這件事。動名詞短語tellingthem作賓語，用來表達(dá)過去發(fā)生過的事情。Illneverforgethavingworkedtherewithfarmersfornearlyamonth.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了與農(nóng)民在那里工作了近一個月的日日夜夜。動名詞短語havingworkedthere作賓語，用來強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生過并延續(xù)一段時間的事情。在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義.在need,want,require,bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。例：Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).這房子需要修理。.形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例：Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(二Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.).動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例：Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon,(todo與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。）試比較：I'11gotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?（此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。）.在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。例：Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）..在too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例：Thisbookistooexpensive（forme）tobuy..在therebe…句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。例：Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）.（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost,誰losttime不明確。）.在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動，被動表被動。然而，由于古英語的影響，下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例：Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?【解題技巧】語法填空中一、判斷出括號里是動詞二、判斷所在句已經(jīng)有謂語動詞三、如果不是詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，考慮填非謂語動詞todo表示目的翻譯“為了，去做”doing表示進(jìn)行、主動done表示完成、被動單句語法填空(高考)A組【考點(diǎn)一】beadj.todoTheyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.Modemmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'11belesslikely(bring)yourworkhome.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.【考點(diǎn)二】bedonetodo1.Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.【考點(diǎn)三】介詞+doingScientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingto A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be)Britain1soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout(use)electricequipment.Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout(be)lateforschool.【考點(diǎn)四】，+doing表伴隨Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconc