初高中英語銜接之語法基礎(chǔ)句子成分知識點(diǎn)

初高中英語銜接之語法基礎(chǔ)句子成分句子由句子成分組成。句子成分主要分為主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。一.主語Subject主語是一個句子所要說明的人和物,是句子的主體。它一般位于句首,可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞以及主語從句等來充當(dāng)。請劃出句子主語，并判斷是什么成分做主語。Knowledgeispower.Sheisasmalleater.Threewillbeenoughforus.Theinjured_____(send)tohospitalatoncewhentheaccidenthappened.Tosee___tobelieve._____(read)booksismyhobby._______(我們所需要的東西)isyourhelp.改錯1.Visitamuseumexcitesteenagers.2.Disabledshouldberespected.3.Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.二、謂語Predicate謂語是用來說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征,一般放在主語之后。謂語有以下幾種基本情況1.由一個動詞或動詞詞組構(gòu)成,無論這個動詞是何種時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣。Everything____(go)smoothlylastmonth.Thousandsoftrees_______(plant)everyyear.They______(finish)theworksofar.They_________(swim)intherivernow.2.情態(tài)動詞+動詞WemuststudyEnglishhard.Watercanbedangerous.Youcan’tparkhere-it'sanoparkingarea.Thatcan’tbeTom-heisstudyingabroad.MayIcomein?Imaygowithyou,butI'mnotsureShecriedhereyesout.Somethingterriblemust_____(happen).Theexperimentcan_________(complete)ontime.3.連系動詞+表語,說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份系動詞的數(shù)量是有限的,常見的只有十來個,我們把它們分成四組,這樣有助于我們記憶系動詞。(1)be動詞類:am,is,are,was,were(2)表示變化類:become,get,turn,grow,go(3)感官動詞類:look,sound,smell,taste,feel(4)表示延續(xù)性的動詞:remain,stay,keep改錯Wearestudent.Itsoundbeautiful.Theclothfeelssmoothly.Theleavesturnintoredinautumn.填詞1.Thenoise____(grow)louderwhenIwaspreparedforsleep.2.Aconcert________tocelebrateMayDaynextweek.(hold)3.Severalyearsagoanewgym________forvisitorstotakeexercise.(build)4.Thestudents________howtolearnEnglishwellsincetheyenteredthenewschool(tell)5.He_________(會游泳)whenhewasfiveyearsold.6.Inaplane,allpassengers_________(必須穿)seatbelts.7.Itcanbecoldinthemountaininwinter.(be)8.Shemayaccepttheinvitation,butshehasn'tmadeuphermind.9.It_________(不可能)acomfortabletripwithsomanypeopleinsuchasmallcar.10.Helookssadandhe________（肯定被告知）thedeathofhisgrandma.11.Whatyousaid____________________(聽起來很有趣).12.Whathesuggested____________________(聽起來是個好主意).13.Thefoodinmyhometown____________________(嘗起來很美味).14.Theathleteonthestart____________________(看起來很緊張).15.Itwasahotsummerafternoon.Themilk____________________(變餿了).三.賓語Object賓語是謂語動詞所表示的動作所及的對象,一般位于謂語之后。賓語有以下幾種1.直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象?？梢宰髦苯淤e語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞短語、不定式短語、名詞化的形容詞和從句.翻譯：1.紙很容易著火。(catchfire)2.你在哪買的那個？3.我們應(yīng)該幫助窮人.4.他最后決定聽取我的建議。（decide，takeone’sadvice）5.請停止發(fā)出噪音。（makenoise）6.你明白我意思是什么沒？2.雙賓語1.舅舅送了我一件很好的禮物。

2.他的外公給他做了一個風(fēng)箏。3.復(fù)合賓語劃出賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，什么做賓補(bǔ)？The

war

made

him

a

soldier.(________)New

machines

make

the

job

easy.(________)They

treated

her

as

a

child.(________)Please

help

me

to

put

these

books

in

order.(________)I

saw

a

stranger

waving

to

me.(________)You

should

get

the

work

done

by

tomorrow.(________)

Note:有時在make,

think,find,feel,

consider后用it充當(dāng)形式賓語,后接形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,再后接充當(dāng)真正賓語的從句、不定式.They

thinkitimportant

to

learn

English

well.We

feltita

pity

that

he

didn't

show

up

at

the

meeting.Exercise

6:

Translate

the

Chinese

into

English.1.I______________________when

I

entered

it.(看見她正在打掃房間)2.

She

was

dreaming

a

day

dream

when

she______________________(聽見自己的名字被叫)3.

To

her

surprise,

she______________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己來到了一個不同的世界)4.

People

around

the

world______________________(認(rèn)為微笑是友好的表示)5.

The

students______________________(覺得平衡學(xué)習(xí)和生活是重要的)6.

At

first

I______________________(覺得理解他是困難的)

四、定語

Attributive修飾名詞、代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。1.前置定語如果定語是單個詞,通常放在被修飾詞的前面?？梢宰髑爸枚ㄕZ的有形容詞、名詞名詞所有格、代詞、數(shù)詞、現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞等。劃出定語部分，判斷什么充當(dāng)定語。The

little

boy

needs

a

blue

pen.(________)The

boy

needs

a

ball

pen.(________)This

is

Tom'

s

father.(________)Open

your

mouth.(________)Two

boys

need

two

pens.(________)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(________)Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(________)2.后置定語如果被修飾詞是不定代詞或作定語的是短語或從句,定語常放在被修飾詞的后面可以充當(dāng)后置定語的有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語及定語從句等。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(________)Thebuildingsaroundwerebadlydamaged.(________)Thebookonthedeskismine.(________)Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.(________)Themanvisitingyourschoolisourheadmaster.(________)Theproblemsolvedyesterdaywasveryimportant.(________)Helosthisnewpenthatwasboughtlastweek.(________)Exercise7:翻譯1.Themanisatennisplayer.那個外向的男人是一個在網(wǎng)球愛好者中很受歡迎的網(wǎng)球選手。______________________________________________________2.Thebookiswellreceivedamongthestudents。那本封面是黑色和白色的書在對體育有興趣的學(xué)生中很受歡迎。_______________________________________________________五、狀語

Adverbial狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等。修飾動詞的狀語常放在動詞之后。如:

Listen

carefully!(但

often,

usually,

always,

still,

never,

also,

already,

certainly,

even,

almost,

quite等副詞作狀語時,要放在行為動詞之前。如:He

usually

goes

fishing

on

weekends.She

seldom

talks

about

her

family

in

the

dormitory.修飾形容詞的狀語常放在它所修飾的詞之前。如:If

you

say

you

are

really

sorry,

I'll

forgive

you.充當(dāng)狀語的可以是副詞、短語及狀語從句等,用于說明時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、原因

目的結(jié)果、條件、讓步及伴隨情況等。如The

warn-

hearted

boy

is

well

thought

of

by

his

classmates.(副詞,表程度)People

lined

up

for

buses

and

got

on

them

in

an

orderly

way.(介詞短語,表方式)The

doctors

did

everything

they

could

to

save

the

boy's

life.(不定式短語,表目的)Idon'

t

like

to

sit

here

doing

nothing.(現(xiàn)在分詞,表伴隨)Moved

by

their

speech,

we

were

at

a

loss

what

to

say.(過去分詞,表原因)Come

whenever

you

like.(狀語從句,表時間)Exercise9:請將下列句子翻譯成中文,并在狀語下畫線。1.On

Sundays,

there

is

no

student

in

the

classroom.2.

we're

going

to

spend

the

holiday

on

the

beach.3.

Please

make

a

sentence

using

this

phrase.4.

The

boy

needs

a

pen

very

much.5.

John

was

late

because

of

the

heavy

snow.6.

The

doctors

tried

their

best

to

save

the

patient.7.

We'll

have

a

picnic

if

it

is

fine

tomorrow.8.

Although

he

is

young,

he

knows

a

lot.9.

His

parents

lost

their

lives

in

the

accident,

leaving

him

homeless.10.

He

sat

there,

reading

a

magazine.參考答案初高中英語銜接之語法基礎(chǔ)句子成分參考答案句子成分句子由句子成分組成。句子成分主要分為主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。一.主語Subject主語是一個句子所要說明的人和物,是句子的主體。它一般位于句首,可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞以及主語從句等來充當(dāng)。請劃出句子主語，并判斷是什么成分做主語。Knowledgeispower.Sheisasmalleater.Threewillbeenoughforus.Theinjured__weresent___(send)tohospitalatoncewhentheaccidenthappened.The+形容詞作主語謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)Tosee__is_tobelieve.___Reading__(read)booksismyhobby.___whatweneed____(我們所需要的東西)isyourhelp.改錯1.Visitamuseumexcitesteenagers.VisitVisiting2.Disabledshouldberespected.Disabled前加The3.Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.本句應(yīng)該更改為Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschool.二、謂語Predicate謂語是用來說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征,一般放在主語之后。謂語有以下幾種基本情況1.由一個動詞或動詞詞組構(gòu)成,無論這個動詞是何種時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣。Everything___went_(go)smoothlylastmonth.Thousandsoftrees____areplanted___(plant)everyyear.They___havefinished___(finish)theworksofar.They______areswimming___(swim)intherivernow.2.情態(tài)動詞+動詞WemuststudyEnglishhard.Watercanbedangerous.(可能，理論上的可能性)Youcan’tparkhere-it'sanoparkingarea.Thatcan’tbeTom-heisstudyingabroad.MayIcomein?Imaygowithyou,butI'mnotsureShecriedhereyesout.Somethingterriblemust___havehappened__(happen).Musthavedone是對過去所做事情的肯定推測，表示過去肯定做過某事，它的否定形式（過去肯定沒有做某事）can’thavedone/couldn’thavedoneTheexperimentcan____becompleted_____(complete)ontime.3.連系動詞+表語,說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份系動詞的數(shù)量是有限的,常見的只有十來個,我們把它們分成四組,這樣有助于我們記憶系動詞。(1)be動詞類:am,is,are,was,were(2)表示變化類:become,get,turn,grow,go(3)感官動詞類:look,sound,smell,taste,feel(4)表示延續(xù)性的動詞:remain,stay,keep改錯Wearestudent.StudentstudentsItsoundbeautiful.SoundsoundsTheclothfeelssmoothly.SmoothlysmoothTheleavesturnintoredinautumn.Into去掉此處直接用turn+顏色就可以表示變成某種顏色填詞1.Thenoise_grew___(grow)louderwhenIwaspreparedforsleep.2.Aconcert___willbeheld_____tocelebrateMayDaynextweek.(hold)3.Severalyearsagoanewgym__wasbuilt______forvisitorstotakeexercise.(build)4.Thestudents__havebeentold______howtolearnEnglishwellsincetheyenteredthenewschool(tell)5.He___couldswim______(會游泳)whenhewasfiveyearsold.6.Inaplane,allpassengers____havetowear_____(必須穿)seatbelts.7.Itcanbecoldinthemountaininwinter.(be)can此處表示推測，有可能。8.Shemayaccepttheinvitation,butshehasn'tmadeuphermind.9.It____can’tbe_____(不可能)acomfortabletripwithsomanypeopleinsuchasmallcar.10.Helookssadandhe__musthavebeentold______（肯定被告知）thedeathofhisgrandma.11.Whatyousaid____soundsinteresting________________(聽起來很有趣).12.Whathesuggested____soundslikeagoodidea________________(聽起來是個好主意).13.Thefoodinmyhometown____tastesdelicious________________(嘗起來很美味).14.Theathleteonthestart___looksnervous_________________(看起來很緊張).15.Itwasahotsummerafternoon.Themilk____wentbad________________(變餿了).三.賓語Object賓語是謂語動詞所表示的動作所及的對象,一般位于謂語之后。賓語有以下幾種1.直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象?？梢宰髦苯淤e語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞短語、不定式短語、名詞化的形容詞和從句.翻譯：1.紙很容易著火。(catchfire)Thepapercatchesfireeasily.2.你在哪買的那個？Wheredidyoubuythat?3.我們應(yīng)該幫助窮人.Weshouldhelpthepoor.4.他最后決定聽取我的建議。（decide，takeone’sadvice）Hedecidedtotakemyadvice.5.請停止發(fā)出噪音。（makenoise）Pleasestopmakingnoise.6.你明白我意思是什么沒？DoyouunderstandwhatImean?2.雙賓語1.舅舅送了我一件很好的禮物。Myunclesentmeaveryspecialpresent.2.他的外公給他做了一個風(fēng)箏。Hisgrandpamadehimakite.3.復(fù)合賓語劃出賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，什么做賓補(bǔ)？The

war

made

him

a

soldier.(___名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語__)New

machines

make

the

job

easy.(___形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語)They

treated

her

as

a

child.(____介詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語____)Please

help

me

to

put

these

books

in

order.(___不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語_____)I

saw

a

stranger

waving

to

me.(__現(xiàn)在分詞_作賓語補(bǔ)足語_____)You

should

get

the

work

done

by

tomorrow.(__過去分詞_作賓語補(bǔ)足語_____)Note:有時在make,

think,find,feel,

consider后用it充當(dāng)形式賓語,后接形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,再后接充當(dāng)真正賓語的從句、不定式.They

thinkitimportant

to

learn

English

well.We

feltita

pity

that

he

didn't

show

up

at

the

meeting.

Exercise

6:

Translate

the

Chinese

into

English.1.I_sawhimcleaningtheroom________when

I

entered

it.(看見她正在打掃房間)2.

She

was

dreaming

a

day

dream

when

she__heardhernamecalled________(聽見自己的名字被叫)3.

To

her

surprise,

she___foundherselfinadifferentworld__(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己來到了一個不同的世界)4.

People

around

the

world___regardsmileas_afriendlyexpression____(認(rèn)為微笑是友好的表示)5.

The

students__believeitimportanttokeepbalancebetweenstudyandlife__(覺得平衡學(xué)習(xí)和生活是重要的)6.

At

first

I_finditdifficulttounderstandhim._(覺得理解他是困難的)

四、定語

Attributive修飾名詞、代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。1.前置定語如果定語是單個詞,通常放在被修飾詞的前面?？梢宰髑爸枚ㄕZ的有形容詞、名詞

名詞所有格、代詞、數(shù)詞、現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞等。劃出定語部分，判斷什么充當(dāng)定語。The

little

boy

needs

a

blue

pen.(___形容詞_____)The

boy

needs

a

ball

pen.(__名詞______)This

is

Tom'

s

father.(__名詞所有格______)Open

your

mouth.(___形容詞性物主代詞_____)Two

boys

need

two

pens.(___數(shù)詞_____)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(____現(xiàn)在分詞____)Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(__過去分詞______)2.后置定語如果被修飾詞是不定代詞或作定語的是短語或從句,定語常放在被修飾詞的后面可以充當(dāng)后置定語的有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語及定語從句等。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(____形容詞____)Thebuildingsaroundwerebadlydamaged.(____介詞____)Thebookonthedeskismine.(___介詞短語_____)Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.(_不定式短語_______)Themanvisitingyourschoolisourheadmaster.(__現(xiàn)在分詞短語______)Theproblemsolvedyesterdaywasveryimportant.(____過去分詞短語____)Helosthisnewpenthatwasboughtlastweek.(___定語從句_____)Exercise7:翻譯1.Themanisatennisplayer.那個外向的男人是一個在網(wǎng)球愛好者中很受歡迎的網(wǎng)球選手。Theoutgoingmanisatennisplayerwhoisverypopularamongtennisfans.______________________________________________________2.Thebookiswellreceivedamongthestudents。那本封面是黑色和白色的書在對體育有興趣的學(xué)生中很受歡迎。Thebook,whosecoverisblackandwhite,iswellreceivedamongthestudentswhoareinterestedinsports.五、狀語

Adverbial狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等。修飾動詞的狀語常放在動詞之后。如:

Listen

carefully!(但

often,

usually,

always,

st