中英雙語解讀

血色素-血紅蛋白Hemoglobin目錄TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"血色素-血紅蛋白Hemoglobin 1Hemoglobin 1\o"CurrentDocument"血紅蛋白 2\o"CurrentDocument"來源 2\o"CurrentDocument"功能 2\o"CurrentDocument"normalHemoglobincount 3\o"CurrentDocument"正常值 3\o"CurrentDocument"WhatdoesitmeanifyourHemoglobinislow? 3\o"CurrentDocument"WhatdoesitmeanifyourHemoglobinishigh? 4\o"CurrentDocument"Whatcausesloworhighhemoglobinlevels? 4HemoglobinHemoglobinisaproteinmoleculefoundinredbloodcells(erythrocytes)thatcarriesoxygenfromthelungstotherestofthebody.Withouthemoglobin,yourredbloodcellscannotdelivertheoxygenthatyourcellsneedtoproduceenergy.Hemoglobinisvitalforhumanlife.Hemoglobinisatetramerwithfourpolypeptidechains-twoalpha(a)andtwobeta(。)chains.Eachofthepolypeptidechainshasahemeprostheticgroupandanironatom.Thehemegroupcontainsaredpigmentcalledporphyrin.Ironattachesitselftoporphyrin.Whenironbindstooxygen,theporphyrintransformsbloodintoavibrantredcolor.Whenit’snotboundtooxygen,itmakesbloodappearpurplish-blue.Eachironatombindstooneoxygenmolecule.Andsincehemoglobinhasfourironatoms,eachonecarriesfouroxygenmoleculesasitmovesthroughyourbody.Inadults,thepredominanthemoglobinisa2^2.ItisalsocommonlyobidAHhemogl(HbA).血紅蛋白血色素是習(xí)慣稱呼，統(tǒng)稱為血紅蛋白，是評(píng)價(jià)病人是否貧血的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。貧血是指各種原因造成的血液丟失和減少，使得血紅蛋白低于參考值。血色素又稱血紅蛋白，紅細(xì)胞里一種含鐵質(zhì)的蛋白質(zhì)，是人體血液中的血紅蛋白的主要成分，是判斷病人是否貧血的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)血紅蛋白低于正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就是貧血。貧血會(huì)危害人體中造血器官的功能，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他病變。所以血色素成為觀察人體健康的一個(gè)重要方面。來源日常生活中保持血色素的充分，需要注意膳食營(yíng)養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)注意加強(qiáng)含鐵食物、蛋白質(zhì)、維生素、各種氨基酸和葉酸的補(bǔ)充，充分保證造血物質(zhì)的每日攝人量。比如動(dòng)物肝臟和血、牛奶、蛋黃、豆制品、綠色蔬菜、海帶、紫菜、黑木耳等，這些食物有利于補(bǔ)充血液健康所需要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素，并保持營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡。功能血色素是紅細(xì)胞運(yùn)送氧與二氧化碳的重要“工具。血液流過肺臟時(shí)，紅細(xì)胞中的血紅蛋白與氧結(jié)合，變成氧合血紅蛋白；血液流到人體各處組織時(shí)，氧合血紅蛋白分解，放出氧，供組織細(xì)胞使用。然后，血紅蛋白又?jǐn)y帶著二氧化碳回到肺臟，將二氧化碳排出。由于血紅蛋白里含有鐵質(zhì)鐵遇到氧后顏色會(huì)變紅，因此，血紅蛋白與氧結(jié)合，血液會(huì)變得鮮紅。動(dòng)脈血液里含氧量多血液顏色鮮紅；靜脈血液里含氧量少，血液顏色暗紅。normalHemoglobincountAccordingtotheClevelandClinic,normalhemoglobincountsforadultsare:14to17gm/dL(gramsperdeciliter)ofbloodformen12to15gm/dLforwomen正常值正常成人的血紅蛋白含量，每100毫升血液中，男性為12~16克，女性為11~15克。血紅蛋白含量減少，會(huì)患貧血癥WhatdoesitmeanifyourHemoglobinislow?Alowhemoglobincountmeansthattheoxygen-carryingcapacityofyourhemoglobinisreduced.Consultwithyourdoctorifyoususpectthatyourhemoglobinislow.AccordingtotheMayoClinic,lowhemoglobinlevelscanindicatethatanindividualhascertainmedicalconditions,including:Aplasticanemia;Cancer;Chronickidneydisease;CirrhosisHodgkin’slymphoma(Hodgkin’sdisease)Hypothyroidism;Inflammatoryboweldisease(IBD)Irondeficiencyanemia;Leadpoisoning;LeukemiaMultiplemyeloma;MyelodysplasticsyndromeNon-Hodgkin’slymphoma;RheumatoidarthritisVitamindeficiencyanemiaResearchershavealsodiscoveredthatlowerhemoglobinlevelsareassociatedwithlargerinfarctionatthetimeanacuteischemicstrokehappensinapatientWhatdoesitmeanifyourHemoglobinishigh?Ahighhemoglobincountisassociatedwithhighhemoglobinlevels,whichmeansthatyourhemoglobinhasanincreasedoxygen-carryingcapacitythannormal.Ahighhemoglobinlevelmayindicate:Lungdisease;Heartdisease;Polycythemiavera;KidneytumorsDehydration;Hypoxia;Carbonmonoxideexposure;HighaltitudeWhatcausesloworhighhemoglobinlevels?Loworhighhemoglobincausesaremedicalconditionsthatchangethewayyourredbloodcellsbehaveorhowmanyredbloodcellsyouhaveatacertaintime.Sometimes,deficienciesinironcancauseyourhemoglobinlevelstodecline.Whenyourbody’sironconcentrationsaregettinglow,youmayprogressfrommildirondeficiencytoiron-deficiencyerythropoiesistoirondeficiencyanemia(IDA).[5]IDAist