精讀1月4日?qǐng)F(tuán)系列中最怪異一篇文章

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系列中最怪異的一篇文章

表面上看題型很正常

單選

TFNG

多選

Matching

單選題

1Whydidthediversperformlesswellincolderconditions?

ATheywerelessabletoconcentrate.

BTheirbodytemperaturefelltooquickly.

CTheirmentalfunctionswereimmedia yaffectedbythecold.

DTheywereusedtoswimmingpoolconditions.

單選題

2Thenumberofdaylighthours

Aaffectstheperformanceofworkersinrestaurants.

Binfluencesanimalfeedinghabits.

Cmakesanimalslikehamstersmoreactive.

Dprepareshumansforhavinggreaterleisuretime.

單選題

3Humanirritabilitymaybeinfluencedby

Ahownervousandaggressivepeopleare.

Breactiontocertainweatherphenomena.

Cthenumberofionsbeinggeneratedbymachines.

Dtheattitudeofpeopletothunderstorms.

TFNG

4SeasonalAffectiveDisorderisdisruptingchildren'seducationinRussia.

Serotoninisanessentialcauseofhumanaggression.

Scientificevidencelinks'happyassociationswithweather'tohumanmood.

Alinkbetweendepressionandthetimeofyearhasbeenestablished.

Melatoninlevelsincreaseatcertaintimesoftheyear.

Positivelychargedionscaninfluenceeatinghabits.

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多選題

AccordingtothetextwhichTHREEofthefollowingconditionshavebeenscientificallyprovedtohaveapsychologicaleffectonhumans?

ChooseTHREElettersA—G.

Alackofnegativeions

Brainyweather

Cfoodconsumption

Dhighserotoninlevels

Esunnyweather

F domfromworry

Glackofcounsellingfacilities

Matching題

12IthasbeenestablishedthatsocialtensionincreasessignificantlyintheUnitedStatesduring...

13Researchhasshownthatahamster'sbodyweightincreasesaccordingtoitsexposureto

14Animalscopewithchangingweatherandfoodavailabilitybecausetheyareinfluencedby...

Matching題

Adaylight

Bhotweather

Cmelatonin

Dmoderatetemperatures

Epoorco-ordination

Ftimecues

Gimpairedperformance

第一段

Hormonelevels-andhenceourmoods-maybeaffectedbytheweather.Gloomyweathercancausedepression,butsunshineappearstoraisethespirits.InBritain,forexample,thedullweatherofwinterdrasticallycutsdowntheamountofsunlightthatisexperiencedwhichstronglyaffectssomepeople.They esodepressedandlackinginenergythattheirworkandsociallifeareaffected.ThisconditionhasbeengiventhenameSAD(SeasonalAffectiveDisorder).Suffererscanfightbackbymakingthemostofanysunlightinwinterandbyspendingafewhourseachdayunderspecial,full-spectrumlamps.Theseprovidemoreultravioletandblue-greenlightthanordinaryfluorescentandtungstenlights.SomeRussianscientistsclaimthatchildrenlearnbetterafterbeingexposedtoultravioletlight.Inwarmcountries,hoursofworkareoftenarrangedsothatworkerscantakeabreak,orevenasiesta,duringthehottestpartoftheday.Scientistsareworkingtodiscoverthelinksbetweentheweatherandhumanbeings'moodsandperformance.

第二段

Itisgenerallybelievedthattempersgrowshorterinhot,muggyweather.Thereisnodoubtthat'crimesagainstthe

'riseinthesummer,whentheweatherishotterandfallinthewinterwhentheweatheriscolder.ResearchintheUnitedStateshasshownarelationshipbetweentemperatureandstreetriots.Thefrequencyofriotsrisesdramaticallyastheweathergetswarmer,hittingapeakaround27-30°C.Butisthiseffectreallyduetoamoodchangecausedbytheheat?Somescientistsarguethattroublestartsmoreofteninhotweathermerelybecausetherearemorepeopleinthestreetwhentheweatherisgood.

第三段

Psychologistshavealsostudiedhowbeingcoldaffectsperformance.Researcherscompareddiversworkinginicycoldwaterat5°Cwithothersinwaterat20°C(aboutswimmingpooltemperature).Thecolderwatermadethediversworseatsimplearithmeticandothermentaltasks.Butsignificantly,theirperformancewasimpairedassoonastheywereputintothecoldwater-beforetheirbodieshadtimetocooldown.Thissuggeststhatthelowtemperaturedidnotslowdownmentalfunctioningdirectly,butthefeelingofcolddistractedthediversfromtheirtasks.

第四段

Psychologistshaveconductedstudiesshowingthatpeople

elessscepticalandmoreoptimisticwhentheweatherissunnyHowever,thisapparentlydoesnotjustdependonthetemperature.AnAmericanpsychologiststudiedcustomersinatemperature-controlledrestaurant.Theygavebiggertipswhenthesunwasshiningandsmallertipswhenitwasn't,eventhoughthetemperatureintherestaurantwasthesame.Alinkbetweenweatherandmoodismadebelievablebytheevidenceforaconnectionbetweenbehaviourandthelengthofthedaylighthours.Thisinturnmightinvolvethelevelofahormonecalledmelatonin,producedinthepinealglandinthebrain.Theamountofmelatoninfallswithgreaterexposuretodaylight.Researchshowsthatmelatonin

behaviourofcertainanimals.Forexample,foodconsumptionof

stagsincreasesduringthewinter,reachingapeakinFebruary/March.ItfallsagaintoalowpointinMay,thenrisestoapeakinSeptember,beforedrop toanotherminimuminNovember.Thesechangesseemtobetriggeredbyvaryingmelatoninlevels.

第五段

Inthelaboratory,hamstersputonmoreweightwhenthenightsaregettingshorterandtheirmelatoninlevelsarefalling.Ontheotherhand,iftheyaregiveninjectionsofmelatonin,theywillstopeatingaltogether.Itseemsthattimecuesprovidedbythechanginglengthsofdayandnighttriggerchangesinanimals'behaviour-changesthatareneededtocopewiththecycleoftheseasons.People'smoodstoo,havebeenshowntoreacttothelengthofthedaylighthours.Scepticsmightsaythatlongerexposuretosunshineputspeopleinabettermoodbecausetheyassociateitwiththehappyfeelingsofholidaysand domfromresponsibility.However,thebeliefthatrainandmurkyweathermakepeoplemoreunhappyisborneoutbyastudyinBelgium,whichshowedthata ephonecounsellingservicegetsmore

ephonecallsfrompeoplewithsuicidalfeelingswhenitrains.

第六段

Whenthereisathunderstormbrewing,somepeoplecom inoftheairbeing'heavy'andoffeelingirritable,moodyandonedge.Theymaybereactingtothefactthattheaircan eslightlypositivelychargedwhenlargethundercloudsaregeneratingtheintenseelectricalfieldsthatcauselightningflashes.Thepositivechargeincreasesthelevelsofserotonin(achemicalinvolvedinsendingsignalsinthenervoussystem).Highlevelsofserotoninincertainareasofthenervoussy