UNDP-全球概況：新冠肺炎應對和康復中的性別平等和環(huán)境因素（英）

1.Introduction

GLOBALFACTSHEET:GENDER

EQUALITYANDENVIRONMENTAL

CONSIDERATIONSINCOVID-19RESPONSEANDRECOVERY

INSIGHTSFROMTHECOVID-19GLOBALGENDER

RESPONSETRACKERWITHAGREENLENS

Theglobalpandemicrevealedhowunderpreparedtheworldisforsystemicshocks,includingtherapidlyescalatingenvironmentalcrises.EvenbeforeCOVID-19,theworldwasalreadyoff-tracktomeetglobalcommitmentstoagreenerandfairerfuture.Andthepandemic,alongsidespirallinglevelsofconflict,triggeredmajorsetbacksinkeygenderequalityindicators.Globally,womenhavelosttheirjobsathigherratesthanmenandarerecoveringthemmoreslowly,whilegendergapsinextremepovertyhavegrownwider.1Atthesametime,theworldcontinuestobefarbehindinurgenteffortstolimittheincreaseintheglobalaveragetemperaturetobelow1.5degreesCelsius,whilealsostrugglinginthepresenttoprioritizeenvironmentalconservationandadequatelyrespondtooneclimate-relateddisasterafteranother.2TheAichitargetswerealsonotreached,failingtoprotectorconserve17percentofalllandandinlandwatersand10percentoftheoceanby2020.3

Now,withtheworldapproachingirreversible

climatetippingpoints,themostrelevantquestion

facingtheinternationalcommunityiswhether

decisiveactionwillbetakentotransitionthe

globaleconomytomoresustainableandequitable

modelsthatpreventenvironmentalbreakdown

andpromotesocialequality,includingwomen’s

rights.4Withthesestakesinmind,towhatextent

havegovernments’COVID-19responseand

recoverymeasuresbeenharnessedtoputthe

worldonthepathtoamoresustainable,gender-

justfuture?

Toanswerthisquestion,UNDP,UNWomenand

OECDjoinedforcestointegrateagreenlensinto

theCOVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTracker,

identifyinghowgovernmentsrespondedtothe

pandemicinwaysthatsupportedthisessential

greenandgender-sensitivetransition.Announced

asacollectivecommitmentundertheFeminist

ActionforClimateJusticeActionCoalitionat

theGenerationEqualityForuminJuly2021,5thiscollaborationcombinesdatafromtheUNDP-UNWomen

COVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTracker

andtheOECD

GreenRecoveryDatabase

.Itmapsgender-sensitiveandgreenmeasuresfromnearly200countriesandterritories(seeBox1).Indoingso,thisworkidentifiesgapsandopportunitiesforpolicymakingintheseareas,whilehighlightinginnovativepracticesthatgovernmentshavealreadytakentoinspirefurtheraction.

Overall,thefindingsprovideasoberingpicture.Sofar,responseandrecoveryeffortshavelargely

missedtheopportunitytotackleproblemsattheintersectionofgenderandenvironment.However,innovativeandpromisingpoliciesthatpromotebothenvironmentalobjectivesandgenderequalityhavebeenintroducedinavarietyofcountriesandcontexts,signallingtheopportunityandnecessityforpolicylearninganduptakeacrosssettings.Thisfactsheethighlightsthescopeofgender-sensitiveandgreenpolicymakingduringCOVID-19responseandprovidessomeconcreteexamplesofpoliciesthatareleadingtheway.

BOX1:

TheCOVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTrackerwithaGreenLens

TheanalysisinthisfactsheetisbasedonacollaborationoftheUNDP-UNWomenCOVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTrackerandtheOECDGreenRecoveryDatabase.Fromthesetwodatasets,thethreeorganizationsinpartnershipreviewedover6,000emergencymeasuresacross226countriesandterritoriesthatwereadoptedbygovernmentsbetweenMarch2020andAugust2021inresponsetoCOVID-19.Usingamethodologyadaptedfrombothdatabases,6themeasureswereassessedfortheirgender-sensitiveandenvironmentallyfriendlydesign.Intotal,2,079measureswereidentified,basedontheirdesign,ashavingthepotentialtoreducetherisksthatwomenandgirlsfacedduringthepandemicoraslikelytohaveapositiveimpactontheenvironment.Themeasuresthataregender-sensitive,environmentallypositive,orboth,areincludedintheCOVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTrackerwithaGreenLens.

Likeallpolicymonitors,thisdatasetmayhavegapsorbiasesduetoalackofavailableinformation,underreportingofmeasuresbeingannounced,overreportingofmeasuresthathavebeensuspended,orthelackofdataonthegenderorenvironmentalcomponentsofexistingmeasures,includingbudgetaryallocations.Informationwasmorereadilyavailableforsomecountriesandterritoriesorpolicyareasthanforothers.Hence,findingsshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Theanalysisofmeasuresfortheirgreenandgenderobjectiveswasconductedbasedonpolicydesign,withnoassessmentofimplementationorimpact.Still,thereisgreatpotentialforcountriestolearnfromoneanotherwaystoadoptanintegratedapproachandimprovetheirpolicyresponses.Moreinformationabouttheclassificationofpolicies,thedefinitionofgender-sensitiveandgreenmeasuresandthedatacollectionandanalysisprocesscanbefoundinthe

methodologicalnote.

1.1Whataregender-sensitiveandgreenmeasures?

TheCOVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTrackerwithaGreenLensidentifiesthreesubsetsofpolicy

measurestakenbynationalgovernmentsaspartofCOVID-19stimuluspackagesandrecoveryefforts:

2BuildingBackBetter:GenderandEnvironmentalConsiderationsinCOVID-19ResponseandRecovery

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?Environmentallypositive,or“green,”measuresaimtohaveapositiveimpactononeormoreenvironmentalissues—suchasclimatemitigationoradaptation,airqualityandpollution,waterresources,wasteandrecycling,biodiversityandecosystemservices,orplastics.Greenmeasuresalsoincludethosethataddressenvironmentalorclimatedisasterriskmanagementandrecovery.

?Gender-sensitivemeasuresseektoreducethespecificrisksandchallengesthatwomenandgirlsfaceasaresultofthepandemic,includingviolenceagainstwomenandgirls(VAWG),unpaidcarework,andeconomicinsecurity.

?Gender-sensitiveandgreenmeasures,ormeasuresatthe“gender-environmentnexus,”pursuebothaimssimultaneously:toprotecttheenvironmentandjointlyattendtotherisks

andvulnerabilitiesfacedbywomenduringthepandemic.

Eventhoughachievinggenderequalityandenvironmentalsustainabilityarekeyprioritiesfortheinternationalcommunityandcountriesacrosstheglobe,analysisofthesynergiesandtrade-offsbetweenthesetwoprioritiesarescarceandoftenlimitedtoasmallsetofcountries.Examiningpolicymakingatthegender-environmentnexusduringtheCOVID-19responseprovidesauniqueopportunitytofillthisgap.Theglobalpictureitrevealswillallowpolicymakerstorecognizetheextenttowhichslowprogressonachievingenvironmentalpolicyprioritiesmayhamperwomen’slivelihoodsandopportunities,andatthesametime,howgenderequalityandwomen’sempowermentcanalsodeliverpositiveimpactsonclimateresilienceandtheenvironment.7

1.2TheCOVID-19policyresponse:environmentgoals?

Thepandemicresponseandrecoveryeffortsside-linedwomen’sneedsandlargelyignoredthequicklyunravellingeffectsofclimatechangeandenvironmentaldestruction.

TheUNDP-UNWomenGlobalGenderResponseTrackerdemonstratedhowdespitetheirbeingattheforefrontofthepandemicemergencyresponseintheirrolesaseducatorsandhealthserviceandcareproviders,womenhavebeenlargelylockedoutofemergencyplanninganddecision-making:onlysevenpercentof226COVID-19taskforcesachievedgenderparity,while83percentweremale-dominated.Itisthennotsurprisingthatonly18percentofeconomic,labourmarketandsocialprotectionmeasuressupportedwomen’seconomicsecurityorunpaidcare.Theglobalresponsetoviolenceagainstwomenandgirlswasmoreencouraging,with163countriesandterritoriestaking853measuresrespondingtothisissue.However,fewtookacomprehensive

response.

8

Hasittackledgenderequalityor

Despitethegrowingurgencytomovetowardssustainablesolutionsascountriesrecoverfromthehealthcrisis,theOECDGreenRecoveryDatabaseshowedthatonly33percentofthetotalrecoveryspendinginOECDmembercountriesandkeypartnercountriesannouncedfromthestartofthepandemicuntilApril2022wasgreen.9Worryingly,atthesametime,thebudgetallocatedtomeasureswithamixedornegativeenvironmentalimpactalsoslightlyincreased,likelyduetotheincreasesinenvironmentallyharmfulgovernmentspending.10Inrecoverypackagestoo,theOECDdatabasefoundthatlessthanthreepercentofallmeasureswithadiscernibleenvironmentalimpactandassessedwithagender-lenshadanexplicitcommitmenttogenderequality.11Thedataanalysedforthisfactsheetbuildsonthisanalysisexpandingittoauniverseof196countries.

2.Policymakingatthegenderoccurrence

Intotal,theCOVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTrackerwithaGreenLensrecorded2,079measuresthatareeithergender-sensitiveorgreenfrom196countriesorterritories(seeBox1formoredetails).Yetonlyaminusculefractionofthese(54measuresacross32countries)addresstheneedsofwomeninlightoftheintersectingpublichealthandclimatecrisis(Figure1).Overall,gender-sensitivemeasuresaccountforonlyelevenpercentofall479greenmeasures;andgreen

andenvironmentnexus:Arare

measuresaccountforonlythreepercentofthe1,654gender-sensitivemeasuresinthedatabase.

Thisdemonstratesthatwhilebothgenderandenvironmentwereindependentlyoverlookedduringthepandemic,measuresaddressingthegender-environmentnexuswereexceedinglyrare.Measuresthatarebothgreenandgender-sensitivewereidentifiedinonly32countries.

FIGURE1.

Overviewofgender-sensitiveandgreenmeasuresintheCOVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTrackerwithaGreenLens

54

measuresatthe

gender-environment

nexus

1654

gender-sensitive

measures

479

green

measures

Source:Authors’elaborationbasedontheUNDP-UNWomen-OECDGlobalGenderResponseTrackerwithaGreenLens

Note:Datasetincludes2,079totalmeasuresfrom196countriesandterritories.

Ofthemeasuresatthegender-environmentnexus,thelargemajority(34of54)arefromEurope,NorthernAmerica,Australia,andNewZealand–largelyreflectingtheover-representationofOECDmembercountriesandkeypartnercountriesinthedataset.LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

andCentralandSouthernAsiaeachaccountforsevengreen-andgender-sensitivemeasures.Sub-SaharanAfricaandEasternAsiacombinedtohavesixgender-sensitiveandgreenmeasures,whilenosuchmeasureshaveyetbeenidentifiedfromtheNorthernAfricaorWesternAsiaregion.

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NumberofMeasures

Allmeasuresareclassifiedintofourdifferentpolicyareas:violenceagainstwomenandgirls,socialprotection,labourmarket,andeconomicandbusinesssupport.Figure2presentsthebreakdownofgender-sensitiveandgreenmeasuresacrosseachoftheseareas.Eightoutof

tengreenmeasuresareintheformofeconomicandbusinesssupport(364of479)–apolicyareawhichaccountsforarelativelysmallershareofgender-sensitivemeasures.Incontrast,mostgender-sensitivemeasurestargetVAWG(853of1,654)orsocialprotection(442of1,654).

FIGURE2.

Numberofmeasuresthatareonlygender-sensitive,onlygreen,orbothgender-sensitiveandgreen,bypolicycategoryintheCOVID-19GlobalGenderResponseTrackerwitha

GreenLens

900

800

700

600

43

500

364

18

14

30

155150

0

VAWGSocialProtectionLabourmarketEconomicandbusiness

support

Onlygender-sensitiveGender-sensitiveandgreenOnlygreen

400853

442

300

200

100

4

0

6

Source:Authors’elaborationbasedontheUNDP-UNWomen-OECDGlobalGenderResponseTrackerwithaGreenLens.Notes:Datasetcontains2,079totalmeasures.1,654areonlygender-sensitive,479areonlygreen,and54arebothgender-sensitiveandgreen.BecauseVAWGmeasuresaregender-sensitivebydefault,therearenoVAWGmeasuresthatarejustgreen.

Measuresatthegender-environmentnexusfollowadistributionthatresemblestheonefromenvironmentallypositivemeasures,leavingsocial

protectionandVAWGmeasuresasthepolicyareasleastconnectedwithgreenpriorities.Ofthe54policiessituatedatthegender-environmentnexus,

morethanhalf(30of54)providesupportforbusinesses12andaquarteraregearedtoprotectjobsthroughlabourmarketinterventions(14of54).SocialprotectionandVAWGmeasurestogetheraccountforlessthanafifthofgreenandgender-sensitivemeasures(6and4of54,respectively).

Acrossthesefourpolicyareas,the54gender-sensitiveandgreenmeasuresarethenclassified

intothreedifferentgender-sensitivedimensions:women’seconomicsecurity,unpaidcarework,andviolenceagainstwomen(Figure3).Women’seconomicsecurityisbyfarthemostactiveareaofpolicymakingatthegender-environmentnexus,accountingfor43of54gender-sensitiveandgreenmeasures,withmeasurestacklingunpaidcareandviolenceagainstwomenlaggingfarbehind.

FIGURE3.

Breakdownofmeasuresatthegender-environmentnexusbygender-sensitivedimension

4

ViolenceagainstwomenWomen’seconomicsecurityUnpaidcare

43

7

Source:Authors’elaborationbasedontheUNDP-UNWomen-OECDGlobalGenderResponseTrackerwithaGreenLens.

Notes:Figurerepresentsintotalthebreakdownofthe54measuresthatareatthegender-environmentnexus.

2.1Mostgreenandgender-sensitivemeasurespromotewomen’seconomic

security

Twenty-eightcountriesintroduced43greenmeasuresthatsupportedwomen’seconomicsecurity.Overhalfofthesemeasureswereintheformofeconomicandbusinesssupport(23in17countries),withlabourmarket(14measuresin11countries)andsocialprotectionmeasures(6measuresin6countries)accountingfortherest.

Economicandbusinesssupportmeasuresprovidefinancialbenefits,suchasgrants,loansortaxrelief,tobusinessesthatembraceagenderandenvironmentlens.Therearetwoprimarywaysthatcountrieshavedonethis.Onewaywastoprovide

targetedfinancialsupportforenvironmentally-friendlyobjectivesinfemale-dominatedeconomicsectors,suchaseducation,healthcare,ortourism,13oftenaspartofbroadernationalrecoveryorresilienceplans.Forexample:

?Italy’srecoveryplaninvestsingreeninfrastructureintheeducationsector,wherewomenoutnumbermenthree-to-one,throughfundingschoolbuildingrenovationstoreduceemissions,creatinggreenspaces,andimprovingtheseismicsafetyofbuildings.14

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?Barbadostargetedthetourismsector,wherewomenoutnumbermentwo-to-one,withastimuluspackagethatfocusedonjobretention,training,andsustainabilityinitiatives,includingwaterconservationandtheinstalmentofrenewableenergycapacities.15

Theothercommonapproachwastopromotewomen’sinclusioninnewandemerginggreenindustries,suchassustainableagricultureorbiodiversity.Forexample:

?InBangladesh,thePerspectivePlan2021-

2041promotesgender-inclusivegreengrowththroughinvestmentsinsustainablefisheries,wherewomenaccountforupto80percentofworkers.16

?The“+Women+Nature”programmeinCostaRicaprovidedaccesstofinancingforwomenconductinginnovativeprojectsrelatedtobiodiversity,withspecialloansallocatedtowomeninruralareas.In2021,120women-ledgreenenterprisesreceivedmorethanUSD1.4millionthroughtheprogramme.17

Greenlabourmarketinterventionsfrom11countriesmadeupone-thirdofmeasurestargetingwomen’seconomicsecurity.Thesemeasuressupportedwomen’strainingorre-skillingtoaccessgreenjobsorprovidedfinancialsupportforwomenentrepreneurstopromotesustainablebusinesspractices.Forexample:

?Portugal’srecoveryplanprioritizesclimateandaninclusive,future-orientedlabourmarketthroughfundinggender-equaltrainingprogrammesinSTEAM(science,technology,engineering,artsandmathematics),includinginenvironmentalfields.18

?InZimbabwe,whereagricultureaccountsfornearly70percentofwomen’semployment,5,200smallholderfarmersweretargetedforsupportandtrainingtoincreaseresilienceandfoodsecurityduringclimate-relatedandothershocks.19

Aseconomiesreopenedaftertheworstofthepandemicwasover,womenhavehadaccesstoonlyafractionofgreenjobscreated.Forinstance,womenmakeonly20to25percentofworkersintherenewableenergysectorinsomeadvancedeconomies.20Ifmeasuresarenotadoptedtoincreasewomen’sparticipationinemerginggreenoccupationsandexpandthenumberofjobsintheseareas,currentgenderstereotypesandemploymentgapsarelikelytopersist.Therefore,upscalingmeasuressuchastheonesdescribedaboveiscrucialtopromotewomen’sequalparticipationingreentransitionstomoresustainableandequitablefuture.

Whilelesscommon,COVID-19alsodemonstratedthatgender-sensitivesocialprotectionmeasurescanalsoembraceenvironmentalgoals.Sixcountriesintroducedsocialprotectionmeasuresthatsafeguardwomen’seconomicsecuritywhilealsopromotingenvironmentalsustainabilityorresilience.Forexample:

?Liberiaworkedwithlocalfarmsanddevelopmentpartnerstogrowsustainablelocalfood,distributeexcessfoodtoschoolstoreducewaste,andprovidefoodto2.5millionvulnerablepeople,includingpregnantwomenandpersonswithdisabilities.21

?Belizelaunchedadirectsupportprogrammetofinancethepurchaseofagriculturalinputsandprovidecashtransferstosmall-scalefarmersandwomeninagriculture.22

Women’seconomicsecurityremainsapromisingareaforpolicyinnovation,learninganddiffusion–particularlyingreenjobsandsustainablebusinesspractices.Inthecontextofincreasingriskofclimate-relatedshocks,suchasdroughts,floodsorheatwaves,itiscriticaltostrengthenthefoundationofgender-sensitiveandclimate-resilientsocialprotectionpoliciestoensurethatcountriesarepreparedtosupportwomenandgirlsatriskofexperiencingextremeclimate-relatedevents.

2.2Ahandfulofgreenmeasuressupportunpaidcare

ThemandatedgovernmentlockdownsduringCOVID-19madeclearhowessentialcareworkis,whilealsodemonstratingthelackofinfrastructureandequitableaccesstochildcareorlong-termcaresupport.23Recognizingthis,atleastsevencountries–Belgium,Czechia,Hungary,Lithuania,Mexico,Spain,andtheUnitedStatesofAmerica–madeexplicitcommitmentstoenvironmentallysustainablecareinfrastructureaspartofCOVID-19

recovery.

Frequentlyaspartofbroadernationalrecoveryplans,thesemeasuresenabledcountriestodirecteffortstowardsinvestinginenergyefficientpublicbuildingsintheirupscalingofexistingcareservices,providingmorejobsinthecaresector,andpromotinginfrastructurethatsupportsbothcaregivingandcurbingcarbonemissions.Forinstance:

?Lithuaniabudgeted5.4millionEURinitsrecoveryplantosupportenergyefficientrenovationsinlong-termcareanddaycarefacilities.Thisispartofbroadercommitmentstomodernizeandstrengthenhealthcareandeducation,andimprovesocialcohesionthroughsustainable,accessiblesystemsandinfrastructure.24

?Spain’srecoveryplancommittedtobothagreentransitionandgenderequality,withspecificplanstoreducegenderemploymentgapsthroughimprovementstothecareeconomy.Thisincludesextendingearlyeducationcentresthatareaccessibletounderservedfamiliesandpromotingbetterconditionsforcareworkers.25

Beyondthesmallnumberofmeasuresthatpursuebothgreen-andcare-relatedgoals,somecountries,suchasCanadaandArgentina,recognisethatpublicinvestmentsinthecaresectorcanbeakeydriverforeconomicrecovery,withthepotentialtogeneratejobs,buildhumancapitalandpromotewomen’semployment.26Thesemeasuresmaynotnecessarilybe“green”becausetheydonotexplicitlypursueenvironmentalobjectives.Yet,large-scaleinvestmentsincareservicespromotethecreationofjobsthatarelikelytodisproportionatelybenefitwomenwithoutexacerbatingglobalwarmingintheprocess.27Astheworldtriestobuildbackbetter,investmentsincarearethereforeessentialtoensurethatwomenareequallyabletoparticipateinagreeneconomicrecovery.

2.3Onlyatinynumberofgreenmeasurestackleviolenceagainstwomenandgirls

Atleastfourcountries,Australia,Ireland,PortugalandTurkmenistan,introducedinnovativemeasuresduringthepandemictoaddressviolenceagainstwomenandgirls,whilealsopromotingenvironmentalsustainability.PortugalandIrelandintegratedenvironmentalconsiderationsintoVAWGinterventions:

?Portugal’srecoveryplanincludedahousinggrantthatpromotesenergyefficienttemporaryhousing,includinginsheltersforsurvivorsofgender-basedviolence(GBV).28

?InIreland,24millionEURwasallocatedtoimproveenergyefficiencyacrossthejusticesector,includinginthefundstorolloutprotectiveserviceunitsthatcoordinateinvestigationsofGBVandhumantrafficking.29

AustraliaandTurkmenistanprioritizedthetwopolicyareasinparallelbutaspartofbroaderrecoverypackages:

?ThePeelRecoveryPlaninAustraliaincludesinvestmentstopromoteeconomicrecovery

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acrossseveralsectors,includingrenewableenergyandconservation,whileallocatingmorethan15millionAUDtowardstheexpansionofGBVservices.30

?Turkmenistan’sSocio-EconomicResponsePlantoCOVID-19aimedtoimproveservicesrelatedtoVAWGwhilealsoprioritizingwide-reachingenvironmentalinterventions.31

Beyondmeasuresexplicitlytacklingviolenceagainstwomenandgreengoals,somesmallislandstates—thatoftenfacethetwinchallengesofclimaterisksandhighlevelsofGBV—adaptedpre-existingmechanismsdevelopedtorespondtoextremeweathereventsandaddressVAWGduringthepandemic.Forinstance,FijiactivateditsGBVEmergencyResponseGroup,whichwasinitiallycreatedtorespondtoextremeweatherevents,tointroduce14measuresthatcovered

3.Conclusion

Theimpactofclimatechangeandgenderinequalityaredeeplyintertwined.Environmentaldegradationresultingfromtheclimatecrisisdeepensunderlyinggenderinequities.Womenandgirlsareespeciallyvulnerableduringclimate-inducednaturaldisasters,facingincreasedfoodinsecurity,poverty,andviolence.34Additionally,theburdenofunpaidcareworkfallsdisproportionatelyonwomenandgirls,affectingtheiraccesstoworkandlivelihoods.35Womensimilarlyhaveuniquevantagepointsandareasofexpertisetosupportthetransitiontogreenjobs.Torecoverandbuildresilienceforthefuture,integratedframeworksthatprioritizebothgreenpoliciesandgenderequalityareessential.

Asdocumentedhere,governments’commitmentstogender-sensitiveandgreenpolicymakingtookabackseatduringthepandemic.However,throughexaminingthissmallsubsetofmeasuresatthegender-environmentnexus,itbecomesevident

allcriticalareasofVAWGresponse,includingexpandingreportingmechanisms,ensuringaccesstojusticeandservicesforsurvivors,awarenessraisinganddatacollection.Vanuatudevelopedgenderassessmentsforthepandemicandthetropicalcyclonethatalsooccurredin2020,whichresultedinanadditional3percentoftherecoverybudgetbeingallocatedtoassistthosemostatrisk,includingthosefacingGBV.32

Astheeffectsofclimatechangebecomemoreimmediate,theriskofGBVwilllikelyincrease.33ThesefindingsshowthatprioritizingVAWGinitiativesinenvironmentalpoliciesispossible,whilealsorecognizingthevastpotentialforgovernmentstobecomeleadersonpolicyinnovationinthisareaofthegender-environmentnexus.

thattherearemanypotentialpromisingpathwaysforincorporatingwomen’sneedsandprioritiesintoclimatepolicies.Forexample:

?Measuresthatsupportinclusiveandsafemobility,includingthroughpublictransport,likethosefoundinAustriaandCanadawouldbenefitfromwomen’sinputsastheirprimaryusers.

?Measuresthatensurewomen’sparticipationingreenjobsorsustainableindustries,suchasinCostaRicaandSpain,canensurewomenarepartofthejusttransitionandpreparedforjobsofthefuture.

?Disasterriskreductionandmanagementmeasures,suchasinTurkmenistanandBangladesh,shouldintegrategender-basedviolencepreventionandresponseconsiderationsintomanagementandrecoveryplans.

Likewise,somegender-sensitivepolicymakingcouldalsobenefitfromintegratingsustainabilityconsiderations.Forexample:

?Socialprotectionmeasurestosupportwomen’seconomicempowermentinagriculturecanalsosupportsustainablelocalfarming,suchasinthecaseofLiberia,SaintLuciaandZimbabwe.

?Investmentsincareservicesthatsupportwomen’seconomicempowermentandreducetheirburdenofunpaidcarecanalsopromoteenergyefficiencyandbuildingrenovationsinpublicinfrastructure,asinthecaseofIrelandandSpain.

?VAWmeasuresprovidingemergencyhousingorotherfacilitiestovictimsofdomesticviolence,canalsoenhancesustainableinfrastructure,asinPortugal.

Womenandgirlsplayacriticalroleinsectorsaffectedbyclimatechangeandhaveusedtheirknowledgetoleadadaptationandmitigationefforts.36Ensuringwomen’sleadershipinclimatechangepolicymakingiscriticaltotacklingtheclimatecrisis,ensuringsocialjustice,andachievingmultipliereffectsontheSDGs.

Similarly,furthereffortsingender-disaggregated

datacollectionandanalysisareessentialtobetter

understandingthegendereddriversandimpactsof

climatechange.Thisincludesdevelopinggender-

responsivemonitoringandevaluationsystemsand

climatechangetransparencyframeworks.These

willcreateaccountabilitymechanismstotrack

genderequalityoutcomesandensurepolicies

andprogrammes