四級技巧聽力專題短對話

題型概覽分值時間對話部分短對話每段1輪對話+l個問題15%35分鐘長對話2段；每段5-8輪對話+3～4個問題短文部分短文理解2段；每段5-8輪對話+3～4個問題20%短文聽寫3篇；每篇3～4個問題，共10個問題短對話專題Section

1

Introduction1.短對話題型分析與設(shè)題特點短對話是歷年四級考試的必考題型。包括8個短對話（僅有一個

回合的男女對話），每組短對話后提出一個簡短問題。短對話按題型分類主要有地點題、人物關(guān)系或身份職業(yè)題、數(shù)字計算題、請求和建議題、判斷推理題、因果關(guān)系題、詞匯和習(xí)慣用語理解題、觀點態(tài)度題等。四級聽力短對話主題基本是與生活息息相關(guān)，不會很偏，都是大家熟悉的生活類話題，如校園生活、工作職場、娛樂活動、旅游交通、疾病健康、飲食起居、天氣氣候、購物裝飾等。近年來，短對話集中考察細(xì)節(jié)理解和簡單的推斷，在設(shè)題方式上表現(xiàn)在答案與原文對應(yīng)部分進(jìn)行了同義替換或者轉(zhuǎn)述。這也增加了聽力短對話的難度，否定了考生“聽到什么選什么”的做題思路，需要大家能基本聽懂。2.一般情況下，四級聽力短對話的模板如下：A：

1

（提出話題）B：

2

(銜接過渡句或者單詞），

3

（主旨觀點和設(shè)題區(qū)）．對話中,1部分往往是發(fā)起一段對話的話題，2部分往往是過渡銜接語。3部分有時有but有時沒有but，但往往是答話者的觀點看法，常常是設(shè)題重點。Section

2

六種必考題型解密根據(jù)答案內(nèi)容的不同，四級聽力短對話可分為觀點態(tài)度題、行為活動題、事實狀況題、地點場景題、談?wù)撛掝}題和身份關(guān)系題六大類。題目類型不同，提問的角度和方式也不同。問題是關(guān)于談話一方對另一方或第三方的行為、品德、觀點等的態(tài)度或評價。此類題的選項中多有表示建議的情態(tài)動詞

should，或有表示感情色彩的詞語。提問方式通常為：What

does

the

woman/man

mean/imply?How

does

the

woman/man

feel

about.

.

.?What

does

the

woman/man

think

of.

.？一·觀點態(tài)度題例1(13-6.1-18)The

woman

came

to

the

concert

at

the

man’s

request.The

man

is

already

fed

up

with

playing

the

piano.The

piece

of

music

the

man

played

is

very

popular.The

man’s

unique

talents

are

the

envy

of

many

people.例1(13-6.1-18)The

woman

came

to

the

concert

at W:I

really

enjoy

that

piece

you

justthe

man’s

request. played

on

the

piano.

I

bet

you

get

a

lotThe

man

is already

fed

up with

of

requests

for

it.playing

the

piano. M:You

said

it.

People

just

can’t

getwe

learn

from

theThe

piece

of

music

the

man

played

is

enoughof

it.very

popular.

Q:What

doThe

man’s

unique

talents

are

the

conversation？envy

of

many

people.【解析】本對話涉及對男士所彈曲子的評價。女士說一定有很多人要求男士彈那首曲子(alotofrequestsforit)，男士說的確（Yousaidit），并說人們就是對它百聽不厭（can’tgetenoughofit）。由此可知男士彈的那首曲子很受歡迎，故答案為C.[例2][13-6.2-11]Children

should

be

taught

to

be

more

careful.Children

shouldn’t

drink

so

much

orange

juice.There

is

no

need

for

the

man

to

make

such

a

fuss.Timmy

should

learn

to

do

things

in

the

right

way.[例2][13-6.2-11]Children

should

be

taught

tobe

morecareful.Children

shouldn’t

drink

so

muchorange

juice.Thereis

no

need

forthe

man

to

makesuch

a

fuss.Timmy

should

learn

to

do

things

inthe

right

way.M:

I

don’t

knowwhat

to

do

with.Timmy:

This

morning

I

found

orangejuice

spilt

all

over

the

kitchenfloor.W:

Don’t

be

so

hard

on

him.

He’s

only

four.

Q:

What

does

the

woman

mean?[解析]對話涉及兩人對Timmy的態(tài)度。男士向女士抱怨Timmy把廚房的地板上弄得到處都是橙汁，女士告訴男士不要對Timmy要求太嚴(yán)了(Don’t

be

so

hard

onhim），他才四歲。由此可推知女士覺得男士沒必要對小孩子的錯誤大驚小怪，故答案為C）。make

a

fuss意為“大驚小怪，小題大做”。答題技巧總結(jié)1.

聽音前根據(jù)選項特點判斷問題類型。觀點態(tài)度題的選項中一般都含有一些引出觀點態(tài)度的動詞或短語，常見的如：think,

believe,find,

guess,

imagine,consider等動詞以及doubtful,optimistic,favorable等形容詞。根據(jù)類線索詞判斷出試題類型以后，可以更有針對性地留意說話人對自己觀點態(tài)度的陳述。2.

聽音時注意把握說話人的語氣。很多時候說話的語氣會明顯地體現(xiàn)出說話人的觀點或態(tài)度。因此，聽音時應(yīng)注意通過反問、疑問、感嘆等特殊語氣來判斷說話人的觀點或態(tài)度。答題技巧總結(jié)答題技巧總結(jié)表示批評或諷刺:critical，criticize，ironic，findfault

with表示失望或灰心：disappointed，discouraged表示后悔或遺憾：regret，regretful，pity，shame表

示

漠

然

或

熱

情

：

indifferent

，

detached,

careless,enthusiastic,

warm-hearted表示積極或消極：active，positive，negative表示自信或自負(fù)：confident，arrogant，proud熟悉表示觀點態(tài)度的常見詞語：表示害怕或擔(dān)心：fearful，frightened，worried，nervous，表示贊成:

approve,

agree,

share,

prefer,

wise,

reasonable,upsetfavorable表示反對:

disapprove,

disagree,

unwise,

ridiculous,

foolish,childishly表示贊賞：admire，appreciate，think

much/highly

of表示喜歡:

love,

enjoy,

wonderful,

fascinating,

funny, be

fondof, be

keen

on表示厭煩：dislike,

bored/boring, be

tired

of，be

sick

of表示關(guān)心：concerned,

carefully care

about表示樂觀或悲觀：optimistic，pessimistic表示怨恨或生氣：hate，hatred，angry，anger，irritated二、行為活動題此類題的問題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方做過、正在做、準(zhǔn)備去做什么，或一方建議另一方去做什么。四個選項一般均為表示行為動作的動詞短語、不定式短語或現(xiàn)在分詞短語。提問方式通常為：What

will

the

man/woman

most

probably

do?What

are

the

speakers

probably

going/trying

todo?What

does

the

woman

suggest

the

man

do?例3

[13-6.2-14]Committing

theft.Taking

pictures.Window

shopping.Posing

for

the

camera.例3

[13-6.2-14]Committing

theft.Taking

pictures.Window

shopping.Posing

for

the

camera.M: I’m

sorry,

Miss,

but

you

have

to

come

with

meto

the

security

office.

The

video

cameras

in

ourshop

have

recorded

everything

you

did.W:

No,

no…

I…

I

didn’t

do

anything.

I’Il

call

thepolice

if

you

dareinsult

me.Q: What

does

the

man

think

the

woman

was

doing?[解析]行為活動題，本題考查某人正在做的事。男士要求女士跟他去保衛(wèi)處（the

security

office），并說商店里的攝像機(jī)已經(jīng)把女士的行為都錄下來了(recordedeverythingyoudid)。由此可推知男士認(rèn)為女士正在商店里偷東西，故答案為A)。答題技巧總結(jié)1.

聽前根據(jù)選項特點判斷題型。一般來說，這類題的選項一般都是動詞短語，其中動詞大為原形或動名詞形式。答題技巧總結(jié)2.

聽音時注意與選項中動詞相關(guān)的信息。聽音時留意動詞的同時，要記錄一些與該動詞相關(guān)的重要信息，尤其是在不止一個選項中的動詞在對話中出現(xiàn)的時候，只有留意與動詞相關(guān)的信息，才能根據(jù)問題對號入座。3.

聽音時捕捉表示請求或建議的句式。行為活動題的對話中經(jīng)常會包含提出請求或建議的句式，如：

Why

don’t

You…?

What

about…’l

Let’s…;

You’d

better…;

lf

Iwere

you,

I

would…;l’d

like

to…；You

might

as

well.…等，這些句式后面的內(nèi)容有可能就是建議去做或準(zhǔn)備去做的行為活動，很可能與答案直接相關(guān)，聽音時需重點留意。答題技巧總結(jié)三、事實狀況題問題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方說了什么、所處狀態(tài)、做某事的原因何在、結(jié)果如何等。提問方式通常為：What

do

we

learn

from

this

conversation?What

do

we

know

about

the

man/woman

from

the

conversation?What

can

be

inferred

from

the

conversation?[例4][12-12.1-13]She

talked

with

Mr.Wright

on

the

phone.She

is

about

to

call

Mr.

Wright’s

secretary.She

will

see

Mr.

Wright

at

lunch

time.She

failed

to

reach

Mr.

Wright.[例4][12-12.1-13]She

talked

with

Mr.

Wright

on M:

Hi

Jenny.

Have

you

talked

tothe

phone.

Mr.

Wright

about

the

new

sportsShe

is

about

to

call

Mr.

program?Wright’s

secretary.

W:

Well,

I

contacted

his

officeC)She

will

see

Mr.

Wright

at

half

anlunch

time.

secretaryD)She

failed

to

reach

Mr.

Wright.hour

ago,

and

hissaid

he

was

out

forlunch

until

2:00.Q:

What

does

the

woman

mean？[解析]事實狀況題。男士問女士是否與Mr.Wright談過新的體育課程，女士說她半小時前給Mr.Wright的辦公室打過電話，但是他的秘書說他出去吃午飯了，要2點后才回來，可見事實情況是她沒能聯(lián)系上Mr.Wright，故答案為D)。答題技巧總結(jié)聽音前捕捉選項中的關(guān)鍵詞聽音前應(yīng)提取選項要點，確定聽音時應(yīng)該捕捉的重點內(nèi)容。一般來說某事的原因或結(jié)果常為考查重點。聽音時簡單記錄關(guān)鍵信息點。聽音時應(yīng)結(jié)合選項要點對重點信息加以記錄，然后根據(jù)問題對號入座。做答時切忌違背常理。這類題的對話多與日常生活聯(lián)系緊密，聽到線索詞語時要大膽按照常理或常識去判斷，而不要過多設(shè)想一些有違常理的事情。正確選項一般不會是原文的細(xì)節(jié)再現(xiàn)。這類題經(jīng)常需要考生根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容推測出說話人話語中隱含的事實細(xì)節(jié)，因此正確選項大都不是對話內(nèi)容的照搬，而是對話內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，或是根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容推斷出的事實細(xì)節(jié)。答題技巧總結(jié)四、地點場景題此類題的問題是關(guān)于對話發(fā)生的場合、地點或者對話涉及到的人或事物所處的位置，四個選項均為地點場所。提問方式通常為：Where

is

the

conversation

most

probably

taking

place?Where

does

the

conversation

most

probably

take

place?Where

are

the

two

speakers

?[例5]（13-6.1-17

﹚At

an

information

service.At

a

car

wash

point.At

a

repair

shop.At

a

dry

cleaner’s.[例5]（13-6.1-17

﹚At

an

information

service.At

a

car

wash

point.At

a

repair

shop.At

a

dry

cleaner’s.M:

How

soon

do

you

think

thiscan

be

cleaned?W:

We

have

same-day

service,

sir.You

can

pick

up

your

suit

after

fiveo’clock.Q:

Where

does

the

conversationmost

probably

take

place?[解析]從選項即可判斷本題考查對話發(fā)生的地點場景。抓住對話中的的cleaned，same-day

service“當(dāng)日即取服務(wù)”，pick

up

yoursuit“取衣服”等關(guān)鍵詞語，即不難推知，對話應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在干洗店，故答案為D。答題技巧總結(jié)單個地點題：抓住與特定地點相關(guān)的常用詞語。這類題的對話一般不會提到具體場所或某人的去向。解題的關(guān)鍵在于抓取關(guān)鍵信息詞，即與特定地點或場景相關(guān)的常用詞語。多個地點題：依賴筆記，留意提問中的核心詞。這類題的對話經(jīng)常會提到兩個或兩個以上的地點，問題是針對其中一個地點進(jìn)行提問。解題的關(guān)鍵在于區(qū)分細(xì)節(jié)，速記與選項地點相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，并注意抓住提問中的核心詞。答題技巧總結(jié)3.

熟悉四級短對話中?？嫉牡攸c場景。機(jī)場(at

the

airport

)書店(in

the

bookstore

or

bookshop

)飛機(jī)上(on

the

plane

)郵局（at

the

post

office）火車站(

at

the

railway

station

)

銀行(

in

the

bank)理發(fā)店（at

thebarber’s）旅館(in

the

hotel

)診所或醫(yī)院(1n

the

clinic

or

hospital)

學(xué)校或校園(

atschool

or

campus)五、談?wù)撛掝}大題問題是關(guān)于對話所談?wù)摰脑掝}或?qū)ο?，選項則為名詞短語。提問方式通常為：What

are

they

talking

about?What

are

the

speakers

talking

about?[例6][13-6.2-2-12]Fitness

training.The

new

job

offer.Computer

programming.Directorship

of

the

club.[例6][13-6.2-2-12]Fitness

training.The

new

job

offer.Computer

programming.Directorship

of

the

club.W:

Excuse

me,

sir.

I

would

like

toknow

about

the

fitness

training

programme

in

your

club.M: l’II

have

you

speak

with

thedirectorin

charge

of

new

accounts.Q:

What

is

the

womaninterested

in?I解析1選項均為名詞短語，且內(nèi)容相對獨立，故本題很可能考查對話談?wù)撝黝}。女士向男士咨詢俱樂部的健身訓(xùn)練項目(Iwould

like

to

know…fitness

training

programme)，故答案為A)。例7

[11-6-18]A

computer

game.An

imaginary

situation.An

exciting

experience.A

vacation

by

the

sea.例7

[11-6-18]A

computer

game.An

imaginary

situation.An

exciting

experience.A

vacation

by

the

sea.M:

Jane,

suppose

you

lost

all

yourmoney

while

taking

a,Vacation

overseas,

what

would

youdo?W:

Well,

I

guess I’d

sell my

watchor

computer

or

do

someodd

jobs

till

I

could

afford

a

returnplane

ticket.Q:

What

are

the

speakers

talkingabout?[解析]考查談?wù)撛掝}。對話中，男士讓女士假設(shè)她丟了所有的錢(Jane，suppose

you

lost

all

your

money…)以及女士的回答

Well,1guessl’d…（我想我會……）可知，對話雙方談?wù)摰氖且粋€虛擬的場景，故答案為B）答題技巧總結(jié)1.聽前根據(jù)選項特點判斷問題類型。一般來說，這類題的選項的概括性都較強(qiáng)，且通常為名詞性短語。另外，各選項所陳述的內(nèi)容往往差別較大。2.聽音時捕捉與話題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞只要能夠捕捉到話題所涉及的某個或某些關(guān)鍵詞語，往往就可以判斷出對話談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容。在平時訓(xùn)練中，應(yīng)留意某類話題的常涉詞語并加以記憶。答題技巧總結(jié)3.注意不要只從對話一方的話語中尋找答案。由于是考查談話主題，因此雙方的話語中都會含有與主題相關(guān)的線索詞。六、身份關(guān)系題問題是關(guān)于對話中某個人物的職業(yè)、身份或?qū)υ掚p方的關(guān)系等。提問方式通常為：What’s

the

woman’s

job?What

most

probably

is

Mary?What

is

the

(most)

probable

relationship

between

the

(two)speakers?[例8](05--6--7)Teacher

and

student.Doctor

and

patient.Manager

and

office

worker.Travel

agent

and

customer.[例8](05--6--7)Teacher

and

student.Doctor

and

patient.Manager

and

officeworker.Travel

agent