2013考研英語二真題及答案

..精選實(shí)用文檔..精選2021考研英語二真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.

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atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen

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fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon“revolutionizethevery

3ofmoneyitself,〞onlyto

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itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5

incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork

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thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery

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tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe

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formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey

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receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto

10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float〞—ittakesseveraldays

11acheckiscashedandfundsare

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fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.

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electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay

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securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation

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there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand

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fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The

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ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19

securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic

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thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.1.A.However

B.Moreover

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise2.A.off

B.back

C.over

D.around3.A.power

B.concept

C.history

D.role4.A.reward B.resist

C.resume

D...精選實(shí)用文檔..精選reverse5.A.silent

B.sudden

C.slow

D.steady6.A.for

B.against

C.with

D.on7.A.imaginative

B.expensive

C.sensitive

D.productive8.A.similar

B.original

C.temporary

D.dominant9.A.collect

B.provide

C.copy

D.print10.A.giveup

B.takeover

C.bringback

D.passdown11.A.before

B.after

C.since

D.when12.A.kept

B.borrowed

C.released

D.withdrawn13.A.Unless

B.Until

C.Because

D.Though14.A.hide

B.express

C.raise

15.A.analyzed

B.shared

C.stored

D.displayed16.A.unsafe

B.unnatural

C.uncommon

D.unclear17.A.steal

B.choose

C.benefit

D.return18.A.consideration

B.prevention

C.manipulation

D.justification19.A.copewith

B.fightagainst

C.adaptto

D.callfor20.A.chunk

B.chip

C.path

D.trailSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica〞,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:The..精選實(shí)用文檔..精選averagemillonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.〞Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2021,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.〞Therewillalwaysbechanged—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopost-highschooleducation.21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______.A.theimpactoftechnologicaladvancesB.thealleviationofjobpressureC.theshrinkageoftextilemillsD.thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______.A.workoncheapsoftwareB.askforamoderatesalaryC.adoptanaveragelifestyle D.contributesomethingunique23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______.A.gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased..精選實(shí)用文檔..精選B.jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeedC.factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbeforeD.newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____.A.toacceleratetheI.T.revolutionB.toensuremoreeducationforpeopleC.toadvanceeconomicglobalizationD.topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?A.NewLawTakesEffectB.TechnologyGoesCheapC.AverageIsOver D.RecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,〞birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem...精選實(shí)用文檔..精選26.“Birdsofpassage〞r(shí)eferstothosewho____.A.immigrateacrosstheAtlanticB.leavetheirhomecountriesforgoodC.stayinaforeigncountrytemporarilyD.findpermanentjobsoverseas27.Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS____.A.needsnewimmigrantcategoriesB.hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrantsC.shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallengesD.hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans28.Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant___.A.financialincentivesB.aglobalrecognitionC.opportunitiestogetregularjobsD.thefreedomtostayandleave29.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__.A.asfaithfulpartnersB.witheconomicfavorsC.withregaltoleranceD.asmightyrivals30.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe_____.A.ComeandGo:BigMistakeB.LivingandThriving:GreatRiskC.WithorWithout:GreatRiskD.LegalorIllegal:BigMistakeText3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityof..精選實(shí)用文檔..精選Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases—orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice〞informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced〞long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation:twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.A.varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituationB.provethecomplexityofourbrainreactionC.dependontheimportanceoftheassessmentD.predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions____.A.canbeassociativeB.arenotunconsciousC.canbedangerousD.arenotimpulsive33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.A.trustourfirstimpressionB.doaspeopleusuallydoC.thinkbeforeweactD.askforexpertadvice34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionsarebasedon____.A.criticalassessmentB.‘‘thinsliced’’studyC.sensibleexplanationD.adequateinformation35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.C.optimisticText4..精選實(shí)用文檔..精選Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope’stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.Indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,〞Redingsaidrecently.“ButIlikewhatthequotasdo.〞Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,〞accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding’sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.Bur,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure〞isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitof

corporatepower—as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen—whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers—andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.36.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally_____.A.womentaketheleadB.menhavethefinalsayC.corporategovernanceisoverwhelmedD.seniormanagementisfamily-friendly37.TheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis______.A.areflectionofgenderbalanceB.areluctantchoiceC.aresponsetoReding’scallD.avoluntaryaction38.AccordingtoReding,quotasmayhelpwomen______.A.gettopbusinesspositionsB.seethroughtheglassceiling..精選實(shí)用文檔..精選C.balanceworkandfamilyD.anticipatelegalresults39.Theauthor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof_____.40.Womenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof______.A.moresocialjusticeB.massivemediaattentionC.suitablepublicpolicies D.greater“softpressure〞PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)A.LivelikeapeasantB.BalanceyourdietC.ShopkeepersareyourfriendsD.RemembertotreatyourselfE.SticktowhatyouneedF.PlanningiseverythingG.Wastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas￡60aweektospend,￡40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning￡130,000ayearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon’sbestrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious.“Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI’dlost.Butit’sstilladay-by-daything.〞Nowhe’slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He’sfeelingpositive,buthe’llcarryonblogging—notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan—“therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood〞—buteatingwellonabudget.Here’shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.Impulsivespendingisn’tanoption,soplanyourweek’smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it’snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It’salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,beinghuman,you’llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy...精選實(shí)用文檔..精選42______________________Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there’snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you’llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.43______________________Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer—that’snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou’lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto“gooff〞willbecookedorjuiced.44______________________Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou’llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,They’llletyouhaveforfree.

45______________________Youwon’tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant—￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou￡21—morethanenoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.It’s￡16.95there—or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDomino’s:IknowwhichI’drathereat.SectionIII

Translation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek，I’vebeenabletodothis,sinceIwasfour.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes—trytoputittooneside.Idon’tthinkit’sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesn’tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalhairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday—theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway...精選實(shí)用文檔..精選SectionIV

WritingPartA47.Directions:Supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.Writeyourclassmatesanemailto1)informthemaboutthedetailsandencouragethemtoparticipate.2)Don’tuseyourownname,use“LiMing〞instead.Don’twriteyouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcommentsYou

should

write

about

150

words

on

the

ANSWER

SHEET

.2021年考研英語二真題答案SectionIUseofEnglish1．【答案】A〔However〕2．【答案】D〔around〕3．【答案】B〔concept〕4．【答案】D〔reverse〕5．【答案】C〔slow〕6．【答案】B〔against〕..精選實(shí)用文檔..精選7．【答案】B〔expensive〕8．【答案】D〔dominant〕9．【答案】B〔provide〕10．【答案】A〔giveup〕11.【答案】A〔before〕12.【答案】D〔withdrawn〕13.【答案】C〔Because〕14.【答案】C〔raise〕15．【答案】C.(stored)16．【答案】C.(uncommon)17．【答案】A(steal)18．【答案】B.(prevention)19．【答案】A.(copewith)20．【答案】D.(trail)SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121．【答案】A22．【答案】D23.【答案】B24.【答案】B25.【答案】CText226．【答案】C〔stayinaforeigntemporarily〕27．【答案】C〔shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges〕28．【答案】D〔thefreedomtostayandleave〕29．【答案】C〔withlegaltolerance〕30．【答案】D〔legalorillegal:bigmistake〕Text331．【答案】[D]pr