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關(guān)于過去分詞的形式及意義第1頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三I.過去分詞的形式和意義1.過去分詞通常由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成。此外還有少數(shù)不規(guī)則形式,有的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有兩種形式。有些現(xiàn)代語法著作把過去分詞稱為-ed分詞(-edPaticiple)2.過去分詞與其它非限定詞一樣,都沒有時(shí)的特征,所不同的是,它形式單一,沒有體與語態(tài)的變化。3.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成意義,不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示主動(dòng)和完成意義。第2頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三II.過去分詞的在句中的用法1.過去分詞(短語)表語1.1過去分詞(短語)作表語時(shí),其作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說明的是主語的狀態(tài)Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedmoresatisfiedwithmywork.(1)有許多過去分詞已經(jīng)完全形容化了,它可以被very等副詞修飾,可以有比較級(jí)等級(jí)形式,這類過去分詞常見的有:amazed,bored,disappointed,disturbed,embarrassed,excited,frightened,interested,limited,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。第3頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三(2)有的過去分詞可以被副詞well修飾,如:built,cooked,done,dressed,known,organized,prepared,written等。(3)其它副詞也可以修飾過去分詞,如:deeplymoved,greatlyindebted,highlydeveloped等。1.2由過去分詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞也可以作表語Theyarewell-behavedandwell-spoken.1.3過去分詞作表語時(shí),其后可以接介詞短語、不定式短語及that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Heisverymuchopposedtoyourplan.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.I’msatisfiedthatyoudidn’ttellmealie.第4頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.4“be+過去分詞”有可能是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu),也有可能是一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的差別是:(1)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表動(dòng)作,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)。(2)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)之后可以接by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,系表結(jié)構(gòu)則不行。(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去詞可以被well,very,much,quite等副詞修飾,而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中過去分詞則不能。(4)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞往往具有固定的介詞搭配。Whyistheglassbroken?Bywhomistheglassbroken?(系表結(jié)構(gòu))(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))Itiscoveredwiththickiceanddeepsnow.Yourtableshouldbecoveredbyawhitecloth.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))第5頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.5注意:

過去分詞和–ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別:

過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受,而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征,如:

Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.

聽到那個(gè)消息,我們感到很驚訝

Thenewsisverysurprising.

這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝。

Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。

Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.

看到這么動(dòng)人的情景,所有在場(chǎng)的人都感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。

第6頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三2.摸底測(cè)驗(yàn)Thepainterlookedso______(tire)afterworkingforawholeday.Iwas_____________(disappoint)withthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.Everybodyisreally_______(excite)aboutthenewOlympicstadiums.Hiswoundbecame________(infect)withanewvirus.tireddisappointedexcitedinfected小試牛刀第7頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.過去分詞知多少驚恐的人們預(yù)留的座位被污染的水擁擠的教室打碎的花瓶關(guān)了的門疲憊的觀眾terrified/astonishedpeoplereservedseatspollutedwateracrowdedroomabrokenvaseacloseddoorthetiredaudience第8頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三III.過去分詞作定語1.單個(gè)過去分詞作定語,通常前置a.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,具有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。abrokencupawoundedsoldieranunexpectedguesttheexcitedcrowdb.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,具有主動(dòng)和完成意義。agrownwomanaretiredofficerC.合成的過去分詞amuch-neededreformstate-ownedenterprises第9頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三2.過去分詞短語作定語:通常后置,其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。aletterwritteninpencilthebookrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyearThissubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmachine.=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJack=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear=Thissubstance,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmachine.第10頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三

A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析

①過去分詞做定語:表被動(dòng),表完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語:表主動(dòng),表進(jìn)行。③不定式作定語:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.區(qū)別1第11頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三FallingleavesFallenleavesDisappointingnewsDisappointedpeopleExcitingstoryExcitedpeopleTiredpeople/I’mtiredTiringfilm正在飄的落葉已經(jīng)落在地上的落葉令人失望的消息感到失望的人們激動(dòng)人心的故事(感到)激動(dòng)的人們累了的人/我感到累了(使人覺得)無聊的電影區(qū)別2第12頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三FallingleavesFallenleaves區(qū)別2第13頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Exercises:1.Welivedinthehouse__________________(我舅舅們修建的).2.Anymedicine________(服用)withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.3.Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________________(她制定的).4._____________(開水)

5.________________(一個(gè)破碎的茶杯)6.three____________________(受傷的士兵)builtbymyunclestakenmadebyherboiledwaterabrokencupwoundedsoldiers第14頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Exercises:

1.Mostofthepeople___________________(被邀請(qǐng)參加宴會(huì)的)werefamousscientists.2.Lessons_____________(易學(xué)的)aresoonforgotten.**_____________(易學(xué)的)lessonsaresoonforgotten.3.Thecomputercenter_________________(開辦)lastweekispopularwiththestudents.invitedtothepartylearnedeasilyopened/startedEasily-learned第15頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三ExercisesDon’tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownAswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot____frommyfriendsA.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget___bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayTheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplayingDACC第16頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun6.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.newly-inventedB.new-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention7.___Englishisdifferentfrom____Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,writeDAA第17頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三8.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe______.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars9.Pricesofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying10.MrSmith,____ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boringDBA第18頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三11.Therewasaterriblenoise_____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedMostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited13.Thecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.openedBAD第19頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三14.Thisnewssounds_____.A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage15.---HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?---well,hisfatherseems____withhisresult.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease16.---Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?---Theygotvery____.A.exciteB.excitedC.excitedlyD.exciting

ACB第20頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三17.The___lookonMissWhite’sfacetoldusthatshewas____greattrouble.A.worrying;inB.worried;inC.worrying;withD.worried;with18.Though___tostop,the___speakerkeptontalkingatthemeeting.A.beingtold;excitingB.tobetold;excitingC.told;excitedD.telling;excited19.Theautumnwindsentthe___leavesontheground___hereandthere.A.fallen;flyingB.falling;toflyC.fallen;flownD.falling;flewBCAsend…doing使…成為第21頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三20.Theaudience,greatly___byhisspeech,allvoicedsupportforthesuggestion.A.movedB.tobemovedC.movingD.beingmoved21.TheyellowRiver,___tobe“themotherriver”,runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.beingsaid22.---Whogaveyouthismessage?---Aman___himselfMrZhang.A.calledB.callingC.callsD.iscalledACB第22頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三23.Theeducationsystemratherthantheteachers___toanswerfortheoverburdenonthestudents.---Iagree.Ihopethereformbeingcarriedoutinourcountryatpresentwillbringaboutthe___result.A.are;desiredB.is;desiredC.are;desiringD.is;desiring24.---Shallwegoswimming?---OK.I’lljustgoandget____.A.tochangeB.changedC.bechangedD.changingBBgetchanged換衣服第23頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三25.Thedooroftheshopremained___,thoughitwasteno’clockam.A.openedB.openingC.lockedD.locking26.Mymotherwas___toseethework__soearly.A.astonishing;finishedB.astonished;finishingC.astonished;finishedD.astonishing;finishing27.Iadvise___early,butIdon’tadviseyou___that,sinceyoulackmuchsleep.A.gettingup;todoB.togetup;doingC.togetup;todoD.gettingup;doingCCA第24頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作的完成、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的全過程。賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上常存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)沒有被動(dòng)意味,只表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)。WhenIreturnedthere,Ifoundthebaggone.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.第25頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三過去分詞(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞(短語)可以在有些動(dòng)詞所帶的復(fù)合中作賓語補(bǔ)語語,賓語為過去分詞(短語)的邏輯主語。過去分詞(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)語有以下幾種情況。1.在感觀動(dòng)詞feel,hear和see之后,如:Iheardmynamecalled.Hefelthimselfcheated.Isawhiseyesfixedonmeincuriosity.2.在有些可跟帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞之后,這類動(dòng)詞有:can’tbear,hate,like,love,need,prefer,want,wish等,如:Ican’tbearmysteakovercooked,andwantitunderdone.我受不了牛排做得太熟,我想要它做得嫩。第26頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Heneedshiscoatmended.Katewouldlikeherroompaintedwhite.Iprefereggsboiled.Wewishyourworkfinishedquickly.3.在有些可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞后,這類詞有:discover,find,keep,leave,show等,如:Idiscovered/foundtheplacedeserted.Thephotographshowedthedogtiedtoapost.Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened?第27頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三4.在使役動(dòng)詞get,have和make后,如:Ishallmakemyviewsknowntoeverybody.have和get帶過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語含義與帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)相似:have和get有時(shí)表示有意識(shí)的行為,作“使”解,但動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不一定是句子的主語,如句(1);有時(shí)表示句子主語無意識(shí)的行為,作“經(jīng)歷”或“遭遇”解,如句(2);won’thave表示句子的主語不允許某種情況發(fā)生,如句(3):Hehad/gothiscarserviced.Hehad/gothiscarstolen.Iwon’thavemysonlaughedat.他(找人)檢修了他的車。他的汽車被人偷了。我不允許我的兒子被嘲笑。第28頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),通常表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系,即賓補(bǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作通常中賓語發(fā)出來的?,F(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),它仍表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,但賓語與賓補(bǔ)存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。第29頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Isawaboycryingthere.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather.Ioftenwatchedtheshipbeingloaded.第30頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三用所給單詞的正確形式填空1Whathehadsaidmademe_________(surprise)2Myglassesarebroken.I’llhavetogetthem________.(repair)3Thedoctorwarnedhim_________foodaftertheoperation.(noteat)surprisedrepairednottoeat第31頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三4Idon’twantanybadwords____(say)abouthimbehindhisback.5Pleasegetthework______(do)assoonaspossible.6I’llhavethematerials____(send)toyounextMondaymorning.7Shewon’thaveherlongandbeautifulhair____(cut)short.

said

done

sent

cut第32頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三8Youshouldmakeyourvoice_____(hear).9Iwantyoutokeepme_________(inform)ofhowthingsaregoingwithyou.10Thepriceisfinewithme.Howwouldyoulikeit_____(pay)?11AtlastIsucceededinmakingmyself__________(understand).

heard

informed

paid

understood第33頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Matchthetwopartstomakesentences.第34頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.Theywokeup,findingeverythingaroundchanging.2.Thegateremainedlockingandwehadtowaitoutside.3.You’llseemanyproblemstobesettledinthisway.4.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbeingtiedbehindhisback.changedsettledlocked改錯(cuò)tied第35頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Exercises:Ifyouwant___immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdone2.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman___anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed3.Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertisingBABinstallsth.insth.安裝第36頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三4.IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAltanticOceaninfiveyears.A.sailB.sailingC.tosailD.tohavesailed5.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair____againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove6.Don’tgetyourschedule_____;staywithusinthisclass.A.tochangeB.changingC.changedD.changeBBC第37頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)高考題點(diǎn)擊:

7.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(95N)A.notto B.nottodo C.nottoit D.donottoA為了避免重復(fù),常用省略形式to來代替前面的動(dòng)作。如:Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,I’dliketo.有些動(dòng)詞后面需要用不定式作賓補(bǔ),除tell外,常見的還有:advise

allow

cause

consider

encourage

forbid

force

intend

order

permit

persuade

remind

request

require

urgewarnaskwishwant等特別注意:

hope,agree,demand,suggest等沒有賓補(bǔ)。第38頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三8Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning9Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海)A.haveitdo B.haveitdone C.havedoneit D.havingitdone使役動(dòng)詞make/have/letsb.dosth.但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后,則應(yīng)為:bemade/lettodo。注意其它不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。此句中的it指代的是acomputer,what在從句中作do的賓語,表示“人們讓計(jì)算機(jī)所做的事“應(yīng)該用…peoplehaveacomputerdo…這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是have的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu):havesb./sth.do…;havesb./sth.done…;havesb./sth.doing…;havesb./sth.todoBA第39頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三過去分詞作狀語過去分詞(短語)作狀語可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、和伴隨情況。在過去分詞(短語)前可帶有從屬連詞when,until,if,unless,though,as,asif等。在表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步和方式時(shí),過去分詞(短語)通??赊D(zhuǎn)換為應(yīng)的狀語從句;在表示伴隨情況時(shí),通??赊D(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語成分或并列句中的一個(gè)從句。第40頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1.作時(shí)間狀語Toldofhismother’saccident,Jackimmediatelyphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.2.作原因狀語Coveredwithconfusion,herefusedtoeat.Caughtintherain,hehadafever.神志迷亂第41頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三3.作條件狀語Consideredfromthispoint,thequestionwillbeofgreatimportance.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.4.作讓步狀語Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Eventhoughgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotcooperatewithyou.第42頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三5.作方式狀語Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingwithalimpasifinjured.Theladstartedoutofbed,asifawakenedfromsomedream.6.作伴隨狀語Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.Hewasgazingintothedistance,fascinatedbythebeautifuleveningglow.=and(she)wasfollowedbyherdog.使迷惑第43頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別過去分詞只有一種形式,不像現(xiàn)在分詞那樣具有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化形式。現(xiàn)在分詞的一般形式表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行意義,而及物云動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成意義,不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示主動(dòng)和完成意義。Ifoundthemwateringflowers.Ifoundtheflowerswatered.=Ifoundthattheywerewateringflowers.=Ifoundthattheflowershadbeenwatered.fallingleavesfallenleaves=leaveswhichwere/arefalling.=leaveswhichhave/hadfallen.第44頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三(3)兩者所擔(dān)任的句子成分基本相同,但過去分詞不能像現(xiàn)在分詞那樣作結(jié)果狀語。第45頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三(4)havingbeendone與done之區(qū)別Permitted,hewouldhavesucceededindoingthat.

討論:此句為什么不用havingbeenpermitted?本句的句意是“如果當(dāng)時(shí)他被允許(做這件事)的話,他本會(huì)成功的”過去分詞做狀語可以表示條件,與if+done可以互換。而現(xiàn)在分詞中的完成被動(dòng)式不可以,它只可以表示完成被動(dòng),而且只有非謂語與謂語是很鮮明的先后關(guān)系時(shí)才可以用,如:Havingbeenfinished,hishomeworkwassenttohisteachertobecorrected.

如果非謂語與謂語是一般的先后關(guān)系的話,直接用過去分詞即可。如:Guidedbytheguide,hefoundtheplaceeasily.Scoldedbytheteacher,hefeltverydepressed.第46頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三關(guān)于非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語1.非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語往往就是句子的主語.

eg:①.InordertopasstheEnglishexamination,_____.A.Myfatherboughtmeadictionary.B.IoftengetupearlytoreadEnglish.C.Theimportantthingistomakefulluseoftime.D.Itisnotenoughtorememberthenewwords.②.____fromthetopofthehill,thecitylookssobeautiful.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen③.HesentmeanE-mail,____togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.hopeD.tohope

第47頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三2.分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時(shí),可以帶有自己的主語---名詞/代詞+分詞(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)),有時(shí)前面還可以加介詞with構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).

Eg:Weatherpermitting,we’llgooutforapicnictomorrow.

Thehomeworkfinished,theboywenthome.Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.3.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語其邏輯主語與句中主語不一致的常見情況:

①.Generally/Strictly/Franklyspeaking,Judgingfrom…,Considering…,Allowingfor…(考慮到),Counting…(算上),Supposing…(假定),Talking/Thinkingof…(談到)

用過去分詞的情況:Given…(鑒于),Takenasawhole(總之).Eg:____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.GiveB.GivingC.GivenD.Togive第48頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三②被動(dòng)句中,分詞常與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者形成邏輯關(guān)系.Theideacanbeexpressedusingasimplesentence.③當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作結(jié)果狀語,其邏輯主語為前面整個(gè)句子時(shí).如:Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.④It作形式主語時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語通常是句子中所描述的主要對(duì)象.

Havingsufferedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.第49頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Practise1).When_______(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.

heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking第50頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Fillintheblanks

1)___________(frighten)bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,__________(follow)bytwopolicemen.3)If__________(trap)inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although______(shoot)intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.5)Ilikereadingthenovels________(write)byZhangAiling.Frightenedfollowedtrappedshotwritten第51頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三6)Thegirl______(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.7)ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).8)Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse______(paint)white.9)Therewasa________(surprise)lookonhisface.10)Hewas______(excite)atthegoodnews.11)Thestorywasso______(move)thathewas______(move)totears.writingrepairedpaintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmoved第52頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三

1._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived

2.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid___tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing3.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenCAA第53頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三

5.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhishands.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied6.The___morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,___byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followedD.followed;following

DC第54頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三

7.__hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting___then.A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld8.____buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes9.___betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshinningbrightlyintheskyand___themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;givingACD第55頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Thekey______,shewentthroughherhandbagcarefully.A.hadn’tbeenfoundB.havingnotbeenfoundC.nothavingbeenfoundD.wasn’tfound試題分析:

選項(xiàng)A、D均為謂語形式,選擇其中的任何一項(xiàng)前半部便成為一個(gè)分句,與后面的分句必須使用連詞。以表示前后分句的邏輯關(guān)系,因此全部排除。選項(xiàng)B是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式,凡非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式,not必須加在最前面,因此也應(yīng)排除。nothavingbeenfound同其邏輯主語thekey構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作原因狀語。本試題中句子的主語she不能充當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語。C第56頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三______youshouldhavenotroublewiththedifficultwork.A.KnowingthisB.IfyouareknowingthisC.FromknowingthisD.Ifyouhaveknowingthis試題分析:分詞作狀語時(shí)一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句。本試題的選項(xiàng)B、D作為條件狀語從句,時(shí)態(tài)不正確,應(yīng)該排除。選項(xiàng)A的knowingthis的邏輯主語同句子的主語一致,符合要求,為正確答案。A第57頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三Writteninahurry,______________.Howcanitbesatisfactory?(2001年廣州市綜合測(cè)試一)A.theyfoundmanymistakesinthereportB.SammadelotsofmistakesinthereportC.thereareplentyofmistakesinthereportD.thereportisfullofmistakes試題分析:這時(shí)一道非常典型的試題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為完整的句子,初看起來似乎不容易領(lǐng)悟試題的意圖。其實(shí),本題的意圖仍然是考察分詞作狀語的知識(shí)。抓住試題意圖就容易產(chǎn)生正確的思路——哪個(gè)句子的主語能夠同過去分詞written的邏輯主語一致。沿著這個(gè)思路向前走,不難想到thereportwaswritteninahurry,試題的答案不言自明。D第58頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1).---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?---_______enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.Get B.Getting C.Toget D.Tobegetting2).Inordertomakeourcitygreen,________.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretrees D.wemustplantmoretreesCD第59頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三3)._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven4).HesentmeanE-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohope D.hope

given作狀語意為“考慮到”,意思相當(dāng)于considering。注意hoping為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語,真正的目的是后面的toget…。BA第60頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別

1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)

A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake

2).Hehurriedtothestationonly________thatthetrainhadleft.(2005廣東)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound

現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中”的結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結(jié)果

AA第61頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三1)._____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making2).Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totoldC.toldD.telling3).Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedCAD第62頁,講稿共71頁,2023年5月2日,星期三4).______intouseinApril2002,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput5)._______fromothercontinentsformillionsof

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