英語四級(jí)考試：2019年06月考試真題和答案解析第3套

英語四級(jí)考試：2019年06月考試真題和答案解析[第3套]PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingquestion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.SupposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisitChina,whatisthefirstplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A.Itwasmainlymeantforcancerpatients.B.Itmightappealmoretoviewersover40.C.Itwasfrequentlyinterruptedbycommercials.D.Itcouldhelppeopleofallagestoavoidcancer.2.A.Themanadmiresthewoman'stalentinwriting.B.Thewomantookalotofpicturesatthecontest.C.Thewomanisaphotographer.D.Themanisfondoftraveling.3.A.Themanplacedthereadinglistonadesk.B.Themanregretsbeingabsent-minded.C.Thewomansavedthemansometrouble.D.Thewomanemptiedthewastepaperbasket.4.A.Hehasleftthearmyrecently.B.HequitteachinginJune.C.Hehastakenoverhisbrother'sbusiness.D.Heopenedarestaurantneartheschool.5.A.Shereadonlypartofthebook.B.Sheisinterestedinreadingnovels.C.Sheseldomreadsbooksfromcovertocover.D.Shewaseagertoknowwhatthebookwasabout.6.A.Shecalledtosaythatherhusbandhadbeenhospitalized.B.Shewasabsentallweekowingtosickness.C.Shewasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.D.Shehadtobeawayfromschooltoattendtoherhusband.7.A.ThemanlivestwoblocksawayfromtheSmiths.B.Thewomanisnotsureifsheisontherightstreet.C.TheSmiths'newhouseisnotfarfromtheiroldone.D.ThespeakerswanttorenttheSmiths'oldhouse.8.A.Themancouldn'tfindhiscarintheparkinglot.B.Themanhadahardtimefindingaparkingspace.C.Thewomanfoundtheyhadgottothewrongspot.D.Thewomanwasoffendedbytheman'slatearrival.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A.Thehotelclerkcouldn'tfindhisreservationforthatnight.B.Thehotelclerktriedtotakeadvantageofhisinexperience.C.Thehotelclerkhadputhisreservationunderanothername.D.Thehotelclerkinsistedthathedidn'tmakeanyreservation.10.A.Agrandweddingwasbeingheldinthehotel.B.Itwasabusyseasonforholiday-makers.C.Thehotelwasundergoingmajorrepairs.D.Therewasaconferencegoingoninthecity.11.A.Itwasfreeofchargeonweekends.B.Itwasofferedtofrequentguestsonly.C.Ithada15%discountonweekdays.D.Itwas10%cheaperthaninotherhotels.12.A.Demandcompensationfromthehotel.B.Findacheaperroominanotherhotel.C.AskforanadditionaldiscountD.Complaintothehotelmanager.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A.SecretaryofBirminghamMedicalSchool.B.HeadoftheOverseasStudentsOffice.C.AssistantDirectoroftheAdmissionsOffice.D.AnemployeeinthecitycouncilatBirmingham.14.A.AsmallnumberarefromtheFarEast.B.AlargemajorityarefromLatinAmerica.C.AboutfifteenpercentarefromAfrica.D.Nearlyfiftypercentareforeigners.15.A.Shewillhavemorecontactwithstudents.B.Shewillbemoreinvolvedinpolicy-making.C.Itwillbelessdemandingthanherpresentjob.D.Itwillbringhercapabilityintofullerplay.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.HerparentsimmigratedtoAmerica.B.Herparentssetupanice-creamstore.C.HerparentsleftChicagotoworkonafarm.D.Herparentsthrivedintheurbanenvironment.17.A.Hewasbornwithalimp.B.HetaughtEnglishinChicago.C.Heworkedtobecomeanexecutive.D.Hewascrippledinacaraccident.18.A.ShewasfascinatedbyAmericanculture.B.Shewasverygenerousinofferinghelp.C.Shewashighlydevotedtoherfamily.D.Shewasfondoflivinganisolatedlife.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A.Hewasseriouslyinjured.B.Hewaswronglydiagnosed.C.Hedevelopedastrangedisease.D.Hesufferedanervousbreakdown.20.A.Heracedtothenursinghome.B.Hewasabletotalkagain.C.Hecouldtellredandblueapart.D.Hecouldnotrecognizehiswife.21.A.Twoandahalfmonths.B.Twenty-ninedays.C.Fourteenhours.D.Severalminutes.22.A.Theyreleasedavideoofhisprogress.B.Theyavoidedappearingontelevision.C.Theywelcomedthepublicityinthemedia.D.Theydeclinedtogivedetailsofhiscondition.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A.Forfarmerstoexchangetheirdailynecessities.B.Forpeopletoshareideasandshowfarm“products.C.Forofficialstoeducatethefarmingcommunity.D.Forfarmerstocelebratetheirharvests.24.A.Byofferingtodovolunteerworkatthefair.B.Bybringingananimalrarelyseenonnearbyfarms.C.Bybringingabagofgraininexchangeforaticket.D.Byperformingaspecialskillattheentrance.25.A.Theyhelptoincreasethestategovernments'revenue.B.TheycontributetothemodernizationofAmericanfarms.C.TheyremindAmericansoftheimportanceofagriculture.D.Theyprovideastageforpeopletogiveperformances.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Students'pressuresometimescomesfromtheirparents.Mostparentsare(26)__________,butsomeofthemaren'tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(27)__________college,andafewofthemseemtogooutoftheirwaytoaddtotheirchildren'sdifficulties.Foronething,parentsareoftennot(28)__________thekindsofproblemstheirchildrenface.Theydon'trealizethatthe(29)__________iskeener,thattherequiredstandardsofworkarehigher,andthattheirchildrenmaynotbepreparedforthechange.(30)__________toseeingA'sandB'sonhighschoolreportcards,theymaybeupsetwhentheirchildren'sfirstsemestercollegegradesarebelowthatlevel.Attheirkindest,theymay(31)__________inquirewhyJohnorMaryisn'tdoingbetter,whetherheorsheistryingashardasheorsheshould,andsoon.Attheirworst,theymay(32)__________totaketheirchildrenoutofcollege,or(33)__________funds.Sometimesparentsregardtheirchildrenasextensionsofthemselvesandthinkitonlyrightandnaturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives.Intheirinvolvementand(34)__________withtheirchildren,theyforgetthateveryoneisdifferentandthateachpersonmustdevelopinhisorherownway.Theyforgetthattheirchildren,whoarenowyoung(35)__________,mustbetheonesresponsibleforwhattheydoandwhattheyare.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseany,ofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingisatrendtowardwarmerconditionsaroundtheworld.Partofthewarmingisnatural;wehaveexperienceda20,000-year-longwarmingasthelasticeageendedandtheice____36____away.However,wehavealreadyreachedtemperaturesthatarein____37____withotherminimum-iceperiods,socontinuedwarmingislikelynotnatural.Weare____38____toapredictedworldwideincreaseintemperatures____39____between1℃and6℃overthenext100years.Thewarmingwillbemore____40____insomeareas,lessinothers,andsomeplacesmayevencooloff.Likewise,the____41____ofthiswarmingwillbeverydifferentdependingonwhereyouare-coastalareasmustworryaboutrisingsealevels,whileSiberiaandnorthernCanadamaybecomemorehabitable(益居的)and____42____forhumansthantheseareasarenow.Thefactremains,however,thatitwilllikelygetwarmer,on____43____,everywhere.Scientistsareingeneralagreementthatthewarmerconditionswehavebeenexperiencingareatleastinparttheresultofahuman-inducedglobalwarmingtrend.Somescientists_____44____thatthechangesweareseeingfallwithintherangeofrandom(無規(guī)律的)variation--someyearsarecold,otherswarm,andwehavejusthadanunremarkablestringofwarmyears____45____butthatisbecominganincreasinglyrareinterpretationinthefaceofcontinuedandincreasingwarmconditions.A.appealingB.averageC.contributingD.dramaticE.frequentlyF.impactG.lineH.maintainI.meltedJ.persistK.rangingL.recentlyM.resolvedN.sensibleO.shockSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheEndoftheBook?A.Amazon,byfarthelargestbooksellerinthecountry,reportedonMay19thatitisnowsellingmorebooksinitselectronicKindleformatthanintheoldpaper-and-inkformat.Thatisremarkable,consideringthattheKindlehasonlybeenaroundforfouryears.E-booksnowaccountfor14percentofallbooksalesinthiscountryandareincreasingfarfasterthanoverallbooksales.E-booksalesareup146percentoverlastyear,whilehardbacksalesincreased6percentandpaperbacksdecreased8percent.B.Doesthisspellthedoomofthephysicalbook?Certainlynotimmediately,andperhapsnotatall.WhatitdoesmeanisthatthebookbusinesswillgothroughatransformationinthenextdecadeorsomoreprofoundthananyithasseensinceGutenbergintroducedprintingfrommoveabletypeinthe1450s.C.Physicalbookswillsurelybecomemuchrarerinthemarketplace.Massmarketpaperbacks,whichhavebeendecliningforyearsanyway,willprobablydisappear,aswillhardbacksformysteries,thrillers,“omancefiction,”etc.Suchbooks,whichonlyrarelyendupinpermanentcollections,eitherprivateorpublic,willprobablyonlybeavailablease-bookswithinafewyears.Hardbackandtradepaperbacksfor“serious”nonfictionandfictionwillsurelylastlonger.PerhapsitwillbecomethemarkofanauthortoreckonwiththatheorsheisStillpublishedinhardcopy.D.Asforchildren'sbooks,whoknows?Children's_booksarelikedogfoodinthatthepurchasersarenottheconsumers,sothemarket(andthemarketing)isinherentlystrange.E.Forcluestothebook'sfuture,let'slookatsomeexamplesoftechnologicalchangeandseewhathappenedtotheoldtechnology.F.Onetechnologyreplacesanotheronlybecausethenewtechnologyisbetter,cheaper,orboth.Thegreaterthedifference,thesoonerandmorethoroughlythenewtechnologyreplacestheold.Printingwithmoveabletypeonpaperdramaticallyreducedthecostofproducingabookcomparedwiththeold-fashionedoneshandwrittenonvellum,whichcomesfromsheepskin.ABible--tobesure,alongbook--requiredvellummadefrom300sheepskinsandcountlessman-hoursoflabor.Beforeprintingarrived,aBiblecostmorethanamiddle-classhouse.Therewereperhaps50,000booksinallofEuropein1450.By1500therewere10million.G.Butwhileprintingquicklycausedthehandwrittenbooktodieout,handwritinglingeredon(繼續(xù)存在)wellintothe16thcentury.Veryspecialbooksarestilloccasionallyproducedonvellum,buttheyareone-of-a-kindshowpieces.H.Sometimesanewtechnologydoesn'tdrivetheoldoneout,butonlypartsofitwhileforcingtheresttoevolve.Themovieswerewidelypredictedtodrivelivetheateroutofthemarketplace,buttheydidn't,becausetheaterturnedouttohavequalitiesmoviescouldnotreproduce.Equally,TVwassupposedtoreplacemoviesbut,again,didnot.I.Moviesdid,however,fatallyimpactsomepartsoflivetheater.AndwhileTVdidn'tkillmovies,itdidkillsecond-ratepictures,shorts,andcartoons.J.NordidTVkillradio.Comedyanddramashows(“JackBenny,”“AmosandAndy,”“TheShadow”)allmigratedtotelevision.Butbecauseyoucan'tdriveacarandwatchtelevisionatthesametime,rushhourbecameradio'sprimetime,whilemusic,talk,andnewsradiogreatlyenlargedtheiraudiences.Radioistodayaverydifferentbusinessthaninthelate1940sandamuchlargerone.K.Sometimesoldtechnologylingersforcenttmesbecauseofitssymbolicpower.Mountedcavalry(騎兵)replacedthechariot(二輪戰(zhàn)車)onthebattlefieldaround1000BC.ButchariotsmaintainedtheirplaceinparadesandtriumphsrightupuntiltheendoftheRomanEmpire1,500yearslater.Theswordhasn'thadamilitaryfunctionforahundredyears,butisstillpartofanofficer'sfull-dressuniform,preciselybecauseaswordalwayssymbolized“anofficerandagentleman.”L.Sometimesnewtechnologyisalittlecranky(不穩(wěn)定的)atfirst.Televisionrepairmanwasacommonoccupationinthe1950s,forinstance.Andsotheoldtechnologyremainsasabackup.SteamshipscapturedtheNorthAtlanticpassengerbusinessfromsailinthe1840sbecauseofitsmuchgreaterspeed.Butsteamshipsdidn'tlosetheirsailsuntilthe1880s,becauseearlymarineengineshadanastyhabitofbreakingdown.Untilshipsbecamelargeenough(andenginessmallenough)tomounttwoenginessidebyside,theyneededtokeepsails.(Thehighcostofsteamandthelesserneedforspeedkeptthemajorityoftheworld'soceanfreightmovingbysailuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.)M.Thenthereisthefireplace.Centralheatingwaspresentinupper-andmiddle-classhomebythesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.Butfunctioningfireplacesremaintothisdayapowerfulsellingpointinahouseorapartment.Isuspectthereasonisadeep-rootedloveoffire.Firewasoneoftheearliestmajortechnologicaladvancesforhumankind,providingheat,protection,andcookedfood(whichismucheasiertoeatanddigest).Humancontroloffiregoesbackfarenough(overamillionyears)thatevolutioncouldhaveproducedageneticleaningtowardsfireasacentralaspectofhumanlife.N.Books--especiallybookstheaveragepersoncouldafford--haven'tbeenaroundlongenoughtoproduceevolutionarychangeinhumans.Buttheyhaveapowerfulholdonmanypeoplenonetheless,aholdextendingfarbeyondtheirliterarycontent.Attheirbest,theyareworksofartandthereisatactile(觸覺的)pleasureinbooksnecessarilylostine-bookversions.Theabilitytoquicklythumbthroughpagesisalsolost.Andaroomwithbooksinitinduces,atleastinsome,afeelingnotdissimilartothatofafireinthefireplaceonacoldwinter'snight.O.ForthesereasonsIthinkphysicalbookswillhavealongerexistenceasacommercialproductthansomecurrentlypredict.Likeswords,bookshavesymbolicpower.Likefireplaces,theyinduceasenseofcomfortandwarmth.And,perhaps,similartosails,theymakeausefulbackupforwhenthelightsgoout.46.Authorsstillpublishedinprintedversionswillbeconsideredimportantones.47.Somepeoplearestillinfavorofprintedbooksbecauseofthesenseoftouchtheycanprovide.48.Theradiobusinesshaschangedgreatlyandnowattractsmorelisteners.49.Contrarytomanypeople'spredictionofitsdeath,thefilmindustrysurvived.50.Remarkablechangeshavetakenplaceinthebookbusiness.51.Oldtechnologysometimescontinuestoexistbecauseofitsreliability.52.Theincreaseofe-booksaleswillforcethebookbusinesstomakechangesnotseen.forcenturies.53.Anewtechnologyisunlikelytotaketheplaceofanoldonewithoutaclearadvantage.54.Paperbacksofpopularliteraturearemorelikelytobereplacedbye-books.55.Ahousewithafireplacehasastrongerappealtobuyers.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassage.isfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisn'taneither/orproposition(命題),althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)-relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsoassertsthatthestudyofthehumanities(人文科學(xué))andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica'seducationalsystematalllevels.Bothareasarecriticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety,becomeinnovative(創(chuàng)新的)leaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides.Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates'jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransformprofessionsinwaysthatreducewagesandcutjobs.Underthesecircumstances,it'snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost“practical”wayoutoftheproblem:“Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”seemstheobviousanswertosome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas“soft”often,infact,leadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun.Indeed,accordingtosurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemtowritewell,thinkcritically,researchcreatively,andcommunicateeasily.Moreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,asthere'slittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaywillbecalledupontoplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.Theoneswhowilldothebestinthisnewenvironmentwillbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthemtobeflexible.Theabilitytodrawuponeveryavailabletooland.insight--pickedupfromscience,arts,andtechnology--tosolvetheproblemsofthefuture,andtakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,willbehelpfultothemandtheUnitedStates.56.Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest?A.STEM-relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobsintheinformationsociety.B.ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance.C.Theliberalartsinhighereducationhelpenrichstudents'spirituallife.D.Highereducationshouldbeadjustedtothepracticalneedsofsociety.57.Whatisthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseamajor?A.Theirinterestinrelevantsubjects.B.Theacademicvalueofthecourses.C.Thequalityofeducationtoreceive.D.Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob.58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheso-calledsoftsubjects?A.Theybenefitstudentsintheirfuturelife.B.Theybroadenstudents'rangeofinterests.C.Theyimprovestudents'communicationskills.D.Theyareessentialtostudents'healthygrowth.59.Whatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookfor?A.Thosewhohaveastrongsenseofresponsibility.B.Thosewhoaregoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.C.Thosewhoarelikelytobecomeinnovativeleaders.D.Thosewhohavereceivedawell-roundededucation.60.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetocollegestudents?A.Seizeopportunitiestotaptheirpotential.B.Trytotakeavarietyofpracticalcourses.C.Preparethemselvesfordifferentjob.options.D.Adoptaflexibleapproachtosolvingproblems.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Energyindependence.Ithasaniceringtoit,doesn'tit?Ifyouthinkso,you'renotalone,becauseenergyindependencehasbeenthedreamofAmericanpresidentsfordecades,andnevermoresothaninthepastfewyears,whenthemostrecentoilpriceshockhasbeenpartlyresponsibleforkickingoffthegreatrecession.“Energyindependence”anditsrhetorical(修辭的)companion“energysecurity',are,however,slipperyconceptsthatarerarelythoughtthrough.Whatisitwewantindependencefrom,exactly?Mostpeoplewouldprobablysaythattheywanttobeindependentfromimportedoil.Buttherearereasonsthatwebuyallthatofffromelsewhere.Thefirstreasonisthatweneedittokeepoureconomyrunning.Yes,thereisatrickle(涓涓細(xì)流)ofbiofuel(生物燃料)available,andmoremaybecomeavailable,butmostbiofueiscauseeconomicwasteandenvironmentaldestruction.Second,Americanshavebasicallydecidedthattheydon'treallywanttoproducealltheirOwnoil.Theyvaluetheenvironmentalqualitytheypreserve,overtheiroffimportsfromabroad.VastareasoftheUnitedStatesareoff-limitstooffexplorationandproductioninthenameofenvironmentalprotection.TowhatextentareAmericansreallywillingtoenduretheenvironmentalimpactsofdomesticenergyproductioninordertocutbackimports?Third,therearebenefitstotrade.Itallowsforeconomicefficiency,andwhenwebuythingsfromplacesthathavelowerproductioncoststhanwedo,webenefit.Andalthoughyoudon'treadaboutthismuch,theUnitedStatesisalsoalargeexporterofoffproducts,sellingabout2millionbarrelsofpetroleumproductsperdaytoabout90countries.ThereisnoquestionthattheUnitedStatesimportsagreatdealofenergyand,infact,reliesonthatsteadyflowtomaintainitseconomy.Whenthatflowisinterrupted,wefeelthepaininshortsuppliesandhigherprices.Atthesametime,wederivemassiveeconomicbenefitswhenwebuythemostaffordableenergyontheworldmarketandwhenweengageinenergytradearoundtheworld.61.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutenergyindependenceforAmerica?A.Itsoundsveryattractive.B.Itensuresnationalsecurity.C.Itwillbringoilpricesdown.D.Ithaslongbeeneveryone'sdream.62.Whatdoes