杭州市2015高考英語閱讀理解一輪練習（6）及答案

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精杭州市2015高考英語閱讀理解一輪練習（6）及答案【2015高考復習】閱讀理解 Highschooldropoutsearnanaverageof$9,000lessperyearthangraduates.Nowanewstudymovesawayacommonbeliefwhytheyquit。It’smuchmorethanfailinginexamsatschool。 Societytendstothinkofhighschooldropoutsaskidswhojustcan’tcutit.Theyarelazy，andperhapsnottoobright.Soresearchersweresurprisedwhentheyaskedmorethan450kidswhoquitschoolaboutwhytheyleft。 “Thevastmajorityactuallyhadpassinggradesandtheywereconfidentthattheycouldhavegraduatedfromhighschool.”JohnBridgeland，theexecutiveresearchersaid.About1millionteensleaveschooleachyear。OnlyabouthalfofAfrican.AmericanandHispanic（美籍西班牙的)studentswillreceiveadiploma，andactuallyalldropoutscometoregrettheirdecision.So,iffailinggradesdon’texplainwhythesekidsquit，whatdoes？Again，JohnBridgelandsaid，“Themostdependablefindingwasthattheywerebored.”“Theyfoundclassesuninteresting；theyweren’tinspiredormotivated.Theydidn'tseeanydirectconnectionbetweenwhattheywerelearningintheclassroomtotheirownlives，ortotheirpossiblecareers.” Thestudyfoundthatmostteenswhododropoutwaituntiltheyturnsixteen，whichhappenstobetheageatwhichmoststatesallowstudentstoquit.IntheUS,onlyonestate，NewMexico，hasalawrequiringteenagerstostayinhighschooluntiltheygraduate.Onlyfourstates：California，Tennessee，TexasandUtah，plustheDistrictofColumbia，requireschoolattendanceuntilage18，noexceptions。Anotherresearchersaysraisingthecompulsoryattendanceagemaybeonewaytokeepmorekidsinschool. “Asthesedropoutslookback,theyrealizethey’vemadeamistake.Andanythingthatsortofgivesthesepeopleanextrapushtostickitout，isprobablyahelpfulmeasure.” NewHampshiremaybethenextstatetoraiseitsschoolattendanceageto18.Butcriticssaythatforcingthestudentsunwillingtocontinuetheirstudiestostayinschoolmissesthepoint-theneedforreform.It'sbeencalledfortoreinventhighschooleducationtomakeitmorechallengingandrelevant,andtoensurethatkidswhodostickitoutreceiveadiplomathatactuallymeanssomething. 【語篇解讀】學生為什么要輟學？是因為他們不聰明不努力而導致考試不及格嗎？調(diào)查顯示，并非如此。學校教育的乏味和缺乏實用性才是罪魁禍首。中學教育的改革勢在必行。16．Mosthighschoolstudentsdropoutofschoolbecause________。 A．theyoftenfailinexams B．theyfindschoollearningboring C．theyarediscriminatedagainst D．theyarelazyandnotintelligent答案B[事實細節(jié)題。由第三段“Themostdependablefindingwasthattheywerebored."“Theyfoundclassesuninteresting；theyweren’tinspiredormotivated.”一句可知。]17．Accordingtothepassage，whichstatewillsoonhavealawrequiringschool attendanceuntil18? A．California. B．NewHampshire。 C．NewMexico。 D．Utah。答案B［事實細節(jié)題.由最后一段第一句可知。NewMexico頒布法律規(guī)定學生必須畢業(yè)，并沒有年齡限制。而California和Utah是已經(jīng)實行了這一規(guī)定的州。］18．Inthelastparagraph，thewriteristryingto________. A．a(chǎn)nalyzethereasonwhystudentsquitschool B．suggestraisingthecompulsoryattendanceage C．raiseawarenessofreforminghighschooleducation D．wishtomakelawstoguaranteenoeducation答案C[推理判斷題。文章最后一段指出：強迫不愿意繼續(xù)上學的學生留在學校顯然是沒有看到問題的關鍵——改革的必要性.由此可見，作者是贊同中學教育改革并希望公眾能注意這個問題.]19．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthisarticle？ A．Toanalyzethereasonswhymanystudentsdropoutofschool. B．Tointroducethemeasurestostopstudentsfromdroppingoutofschool. C．TointroducethedifferentregulationsintheUSAaboutstudentsdroppingout ofschool。 D．ToraiseawarenessofeducationalreformingintheUSA.答案D[主旨大意題。作者借助一份關于中學生輟學的研究結果，說明了美國中學教育改革的必要性.］閱讀理解課堂練學案（4）PassageNine(Holmes’Knowledge）

Hisignorancewasasremarkableashisknowledge。Ofcontemporaryliterature，philosophyandpoliticsheappearedtoknownexttonothing.UponmyquotingThomasCarlyle，heinquiredinthenaivestwaywhohemightbeandwhathehaddone.Mysurprisereachedaclimax,however,whenIfoundincidentallythathewasignorantoftheCopernicanTheoryandofthecompositionoftheSolarsystem.

“Youappeartobeastonished，”Holmessaid,smilingatmyexpression。“NowthatIdoknowitIshalldomybesttoforgetit.Yousee，Iconsiderthataman’sbrainoriginallyislikealittleemptyattic,andyouhavetostockitwithsuchfurnitureasyouchoose：Afooltakesinallthelumberofeverysortthathecomesacross，sothattheknowledgewhichmightbeusefultohimgetscrowdedout,oratbestjumbledupwithalotofotherthings，sothathehasdifficultyinlayinghishanduponit.Itisamistaketothinkthatthelittleroomhaselasticwallsandcandistendtoanyextent。Dependuponit,therecomesatimewhenforeveryadditionofknowledgeyouforgetsomethingthatyouknowbefore.Itisofthehighestimportance,therefore，nottohaveuselessfactselbowingouttheusefulones.”

“ButtheSolarSystem!”Iprotested.

“Whatthedeuceisittome？”heinterruptedimpatiently。

Onemorning,Ipickedupamagazinefromthetableandattemptedtowhileawaythetimewithit，whilemycompanionmunchedsilentlyathistoast。Oneofthearticleshadapencilmarkattheheading，andInaturallybegantorunmyeyethroughit.

Itssomewhatambitioustitlewas“TheBookofLife,”anditattemptedtoshowhowmuchanobservantmanmightlearnbyanaccurateandsystematicexaminationofallthatcameinhisway。Itstruckmeasbeingaremarkablemixtureofshrewdnessandofabsurdity.Thereasoningwascloseandintense,butthedeductionappearedtometobefar—fetchedandexaggerated。Thewriterclaimedbyamomentaryexpression，atwitchofamuscleoraglanceofaneye,tofathomaman'sinmostthought.Deceit，accordingtohim,wasimpossibilityinthecaseofonetrainedtoobservationandanalysis.HisconclusionswereasinfallibleassomanypropositionsofEuclid。Sostartlingwouldhisresultsappeartotheuninitiatedthatuntiltheylearnedtheprocessesbywhichhehadarrivedatthemtheymightwellconsiderhimasanecromancer.

“Fromadropofwater，”saidthewriter,“alogiciancouldinferthepossibilityofanAtlantic。Soalllifeisagreatchain，thenatureofwhichisknownwheneverweareshownasinglelinkofit。Likeallotherarts，thescienceofDeductionandAnalysisisonewhichcanbeacquiredbylongandpatientstudy，norislifelongenoughtoallowanymortaltoattainthehighestpossibleperfectioninit.”

ThissmartlywrittenpieceoftheoryIcouldnotacceptuntilasuccessionofevidencesjustifiedit。

1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardHolmes?

[A］Praising.

Critical。

［C］Ironical。

[D］Distaste。

2.WhatwaydidtheauthortaketostickoutHolmes’uniqueness?

[A]Bydeduction。

Byexplanation。

[C]Bycontrast。

[D］Byanalysis。

3.WhatwastheHolmes’ideaaboutknowledge-learning？

［A］Learningwhateverybodylearned.

Learningwhatwasusefultoyou。

[C]Learningwhateveryoucameacross。

［D］Learningwhatwasdifferenttoyou。

4。Whatdidthearticlementionedinthepassagetalkabout？

[A］Onemaymasterthewayofreasoningthroughobservation.

Onemaybecomerathercriticalthroughobservationandanalysis。

［C］Onemaybecomerathersharpthroughobservationandanalysis。

[D]Onemaybecomepracticalthroughobservationandanalysis.

Vocabulary

1。ThomasCarlyle

托馬斯?卡萊爾1795-1881美國作家、歷史家、哲學家

2。jumble(up)

搞亂，使混亂

3.layhandon（upon)sth。

抓住，找到

4.atbest

最好的情況下

5。elbowout(off)

用胳膊肘擠出，推出

6.deuce=devil

whatthedeuceisittome?

這里表示福爾摩斯的厭惡心理.

義：這倒霉的詞兒與我有什么關系？

7。whileawaythetime

消磨/打發(fā)時間

8。shrewdness

機敏，敏銳，犀利

9。far-fetched

牽強附會，不自然

10.fathom

看穿/透,推測，探索

11.infallible

一貫正確

12。uninitiated

對某事無知的

13.Euclid

歐幾里德（古希臘數(shù)學家）

14。necromancer

巫師

難句譯注

1。Afooltakesinallthelumberofeverysortthathecomesacross，sothattheknowledgewhichmightbeusefultohimgetscrowdedout，oratbestjumbledupwithalotofotherthings，sothathehasdifficultyinlayinghishanduponit.

【結構簡析】主從句結構，主句Afool…后跟lumber的定從thathecomesacross。從句sothat中有一knowledge的定從which;or鏈接前后兩個分詞crowdedout與jumbledup；但第一個sothat從句又是后面sothat的主句。

【參考譯文】蠢人把他碰到的每種木材（制家具)都拿進來。這樣，可能對他有用的知識都被擠出去;最好的情況下,也是和其他種種事情混在一起，所以他就很難抓住知識。

2.Itssomewhatambitioustitlewas“TheBookofLife,"anditattemptedtoshowhowmuchanobservantmanmightlearnbyanaccurateandsystematicexaminationofallthatcameinhisway.

【結構簡析】并列句，連詞and后的句中有賓從howmuch…。

【參考譯文】這片文章稍有炫耀的標題是“生命之書”。它想證明一個善于觀察的人通過對他經(jīng)歷到的一切事情都進行真正地系統(tǒng)地考察可以學到多少東西。

3.Sostartlingwouldhisresultsappeartotheuninitiatedthatuntiltheylearnedtheprocessesbywhichhehadarrivedatthemtheymightwellconsiderhimasanecromancer。

【結構簡析】復合主從句,sothat句型。So句是倒裝。正常句型應為：Hisresultswouldappearsostartlingtotheuninitiatedthat…，that句中又是主從句，從句用until連接，中插bywhich定語從句修飾theprocesses。

【參考譯文】他的結論對無知的人來說是那么驚人，所以他們很可能認為他是個巫師，除非他們學會了他用以得出結論的過程。

4.Likeallotherarts,theScienceofDeductionandAnalysisisonewhichcanbeacquiredbylongandpatientstudy,norislifelongenoughtoallowanymortaltoattainthehighestpossibleperfectioninit.

【結構簡析】并列句，nor連接.前一句中有定語從句which修飾one，后一句nor為否定詞。

【參考譯文】像所有的其他藝術一樣，演繹分析科學是一種通過長期默默的研究，可以習得的學問，而我們的生命并不長得足以使任何凡人都能在這一領域取得可能是臻美的成就。

寫作方法與文章大意

這是一篇“傳記"，作者采用以反襯正的對比手法寫出了福爾摩斯之驚人才華。第一句話開明宗旨“他的無知和他的有知一樣卓越驚人”，接著就是種種無知,達到突出其有知的成就。兩方面表達，一是福爾摩斯對無知的解釋：不能照單全收；二是作者的反對見解襯托福之才華超人，能一滴水見大海。

答案詳解

1。A贊揚。作者以無知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反對批評觀點來證明人物的正確.否定及所謂機刺旨在鋪墊.正反對比贊揚福之精明強悍，才智超人,洞察力強。

2.C作者采用對比手法。

3。B學習對你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把頭腦比作一個小小的空屋，不能隨意選擇家具（知識）塞滿空間,應選擇“有用之才”,免得填滿了廢物,把有用之才擠出去。

4。C通過觀察和分析人會變得很敏銳.最后二段都是講福所寫文章的內(nèi)容。善于觀察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本質，一點水能知大西洋。這種一葉知秋的本領是通過長期觀察、分析研究而得。也就是說，通過觀察分析，人可以變得敏感聰慧，因為萬物都有聯(lián)系。[社會生活型閱讀理解（一)]—-——-（一）I’vespentoverayearinIndia，andinthose365plusdays,I’velearnedalotaboutgettingaroundIndiancities。Mybiggestlessonshavebeenlearnedthroughbeingcheated,particularlybytaxiandrickshaw(人力車）drivers，butthatdoesn'tmeanthosearebadwaystotravel，aslongasyouknowwhatyou'redoing。BelowarethebestwaystogetaroundthecityofDelhi,India，andtipsforhowtokeepfrombeingthevictimofscams（欺詐）．TakingtaxisisagreatwaytogetaroundthecityofDelhiandchancesare,ifyouarriveinDelhibyplane，assoonasyoumakeitthroughcustoms，you’llbeswarmedbyIndiantaxidrivers.AttheDelhiairport，besuretoarrangeforataxitoyourhotelatoneofthetwoDelhiTrafficPoliceTaxiBooths.Oneisinsidetheairport，andoneisoutside.Thekeyistomakesuretogotoaboothrunbythepolice,ratherthanbyindependenttaxidrivers.RickshawsareoneofmyfavouritewaystogetaroundIndiancities,inpartbecauseit’showthelocalsoftentravel.Autorickshawsaremorecommon，butbicyclerickshawsarestillusedinOldDelhi.Ifyoudohaveachancetotakeabicyclerickshaw，youshoulddoitatleastonceforauniqueexperiencethatshouldonlysetyoubackabout15rupees.AutorickshawratesaroundDelhirangebetween30and80rupees,dependingonthedistance。IfyoureallywanttotravelaroundDelhilikethelocals,takeapublicbus.Indianbusesbecomeverycrowdedandmostdonothaveairconditioning.Theyare,however，verycheap。Abustripwon’tsetyoubackanymorethan15rupees,aslongasyoustaywithinthecitylimits。SinceIndianbusesgetsocrowded,trytoboardthebusatthestartoftheroutesoyoucangetaseat.ThetrainisagreatwaytogetaroundwithinthecityofDelhi。Faresarereasonable，between6and22rupees。AlldepartureannouncementsareinbothHindiandEnglish,andtokenscanbepurchasedforbetween6and22rupees。1．Theauthoristryingto________inDelhithroughthistext.A．givesom