杭州市2015高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪練習(xí)（6）及答案

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精杭州市2015高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪練習(xí)（6）及答案【2015高考復(fù)習(xí)】閱讀理解 Highschooldropoutsearnanaverageof$9,000lessperyearthangraduates.Nowanewstudymovesawayacommonbeliefwhytheyquit。It’smuchmorethanfailinginexamsatschool。 Societytendstothinkofhighschooldropoutsaskidswhojustcan’tcutit.Theyarelazy，andperhapsnottoobright.Soresearchersweresurprisedwhentheyaskedmorethan450kidswhoquitschoolaboutwhytheyleft。 “Thevastmajorityactuallyhadpassinggradesandtheywereconfidentthattheycouldhavegraduatedfromhighschool.”JohnBridgeland，theexecutiveresearchersaid.About1millionteensleaveschooleachyear。OnlyabouthalfofAfrican.AmericanandHispanic（美籍西班牙的)studentswillreceiveadiploma，andactuallyalldropoutscometoregrettheirdecision.So,iffailinggradesdon’texplainwhythesekidsquit，whatdoes？Again，JohnBridgelandsaid，“Themostdependablefindingwasthattheywerebored.”“Theyfoundclassesuninteresting；theyweren’tinspiredormotivated.Theydidn'tseeanydirectconnectionbetweenwhattheywerelearningintheclassroomtotheirownlives，ortotheirpossiblecareers.” Thestudyfoundthatmostteenswhododropoutwaituntiltheyturnsixteen，whichhappenstobetheageatwhichmoststatesallowstudentstoquit.IntheUS,onlyonestate，NewMexico，hasalawrequiringteenagerstostayinhighschooluntiltheygraduate.Onlyfourstates：California，Tennessee，TexasandUtah，plustheDistrictofColumbia，requireschoolattendanceuntilage18，noexceptions。Anotherresearchersaysraisingthecompulsoryattendanceagemaybeonewaytokeepmorekidsinschool. “Asthesedropoutslookback,theyrealizethey’vemadeamistake.Andanythingthatsortofgivesthesepeopleanextrapushtostickitout，isprobablyahelpfulmeasure.” NewHampshiremaybethenextstatetoraiseitsschoolattendanceageto18.Butcriticssaythatforcingthestudentsunwillingtocontinuetheirstudiestostayinschoolmissesthepoint-theneedforreform.It'sbeencalledfortoreinventhighschooleducationtomakeitmorechallengingandrelevant,andtoensurethatkidswhodostickitoutreceiveadiplomathatactuallymeanssomething. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】學(xué)生為什么要輟學(xué)？是因?yàn)樗麄儾宦斆鞑慌Χ鴮?dǎo)致考試不及格嗎？調(diào)查顯示，并非如此。學(xué)校教育的乏味和缺乏實(shí)用性才是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。中學(xué)教育的改革勢(shì)在必行。16．Mosthighschoolstudentsdropoutofschoolbecause________。 A．theyoftenfailinexams B．theyfindschoollearningboring C．theyarediscriminatedagainst D．theyarelazyandnotintelligent答案B[事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段“Themostdependablefindingwasthattheywerebored."“Theyfoundclassesuninteresting；theyweren’tinspiredormotivated.”一句可知。]17．Accordingtothepassage，whichstatewillsoonhavealawrequiringschool attendanceuntil18? A．California. B．NewHampshire。 C．NewMexico。 D．Utah。答案B［事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.由最后一段第一句可知。NewMexico頒布法律規(guī)定學(xué)生必須畢業(yè)，并沒(méi)有年齡限制。而California和Utah是已經(jīng)實(shí)行了這一規(guī)定的州。］18．Inthelastparagraph，thewriteristryingto________. A．a(chǎn)nalyzethereasonwhystudentsquitschool B．suggestraisingthecompulsoryattendanceage C．raiseawarenessofreforminghighschooleducation D．wishtomakelawstoguaranteenoeducation答案C[推理判斷題。文章最后一段指出：強(qiáng)迫不愿意繼續(xù)上學(xué)的學(xué)生留在學(xué)校顯然是沒(méi)有看到問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵——改革的必要性.由此可見(jiàn)，作者是贊同中學(xué)教育改革并希望公眾能注意這個(gè)問(wèn)題.]19．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthisarticle？ A．Toanalyzethereasonswhymanystudentsdropoutofschool. B．Tointroducethemeasurestostopstudentsfromdroppingoutofschool. C．TointroducethedifferentregulationsintheUSAaboutstudentsdroppingout ofschool。 D．ToraiseawarenessofeducationalreformingintheUSA.答案D[主旨大意題。作者借助一份關(guān)于中學(xué)生輟學(xué)的研究結(jié)果，說(shuō)明了美國(guó)中學(xué)教育改革的必要性.］閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案（4）PassageNine(Holmes’Knowledge）

Hisignorancewasasremarkableashisknowledge。Ofcontemporaryliterature，philosophyandpoliticsheappearedtoknownexttonothing.UponmyquotingThomasCarlyle，heinquiredinthenaivestwaywhohemightbeandwhathehaddone.Mysurprisereachedaclimax,however,whenIfoundincidentallythathewasignorantoftheCopernicanTheoryandofthecompositionoftheSolarsystem.

“Youappeartobeastonished，”Holmessaid,smilingatmyexpression?！癗owthatIdoknowitIshalldomybesttoforgetit.Yousee，Iconsiderthataman’sbrainoriginallyislikealittleemptyattic,andyouhavetostockitwithsuchfurnitureasyouchoose：Afooltakesinallthelumberofeverysortthathecomesacross，sothattheknowledgewhichmightbeusefultohimgetscrowdedout,oratbestjumbledupwithalotofotherthings，sothathehasdifficultyinlayinghishanduponit.Itisamistaketothinkthatthelittleroomhaselasticwallsandcandistendtoanyextent。Dependuponit,therecomesatimewhenforeveryadditionofknowledgeyouforgetsomethingthatyouknowbefore.Itisofthehighestimportance,therefore，nottohaveuselessfactselbowingouttheusefulones.”

“ButtheSolarSystem!”Iprotested.

“Whatthedeuceisittome？”heinterruptedimpatiently。

Onemorning,Ipickedupamagazinefromthetableandattemptedtowhileawaythetimewithit，whilemycompanionmunchedsilentlyathistoast。Oneofthearticleshadapencilmarkattheheading，andInaturallybegantorunmyeyethroughit.

Itssomewhatambitioustitlewas“TheBookofLife,”anditattemptedtoshowhowmuchanobservantmanmightlearnbyanaccurateandsystematicexaminationofallthatcameinhisway。Itstruckmeasbeingaremarkablemixtureofshrewdnessandofabsurdity.Thereasoningwascloseandintense,butthedeductionappearedtometobefar—fetchedandexaggerated。Thewriterclaimedbyamomentaryexpression，atwitchofamuscleoraglanceofaneye,tofathomaman'sinmostthought.Deceit，accordingtohim,wasimpossibilityinthecaseofonetrainedtoobservationandanalysis.HisconclusionswereasinfallibleassomanypropositionsofEuclid。Sostartlingwouldhisresultsappeartotheuninitiatedthatuntiltheylearnedtheprocessesbywhichhehadarrivedatthemtheymightwellconsiderhimasanecromancer.

“Fromadropofwater，”saidthewriter,“alogiciancouldinferthepossibilityofanAtlantic。Soalllifeisagreatchain，thenatureofwhichisknownwheneverweareshownasinglelinkofit。Likeallotherarts，thescienceofDeductionandAnalysisisonewhichcanbeacquiredbylongandpatientstudy，norislifelongenoughtoallowanymortaltoattainthehighestpossibleperfectioninit.”

ThissmartlywrittenpieceoftheoryIcouldnotacceptuntilasuccessionofevidencesjustifiedit。

1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardHolmes?

[A］Praising.

Critical。

［C］Ironical。

[D］Distaste。

2.WhatwaydidtheauthortaketostickoutHolmes’uniqueness?

[A]Bydeduction。

Byexplanation。

[C]Bycontrast。

[D］Byanalysis。

3.WhatwastheHolmes’ideaaboutknowledge-learning？

［A］Learningwhateverybodylearned.

Learningwhatwasusefultoyou。

[C]Learningwhateveryoucameacross。

［D］Learningwhatwasdifferenttoyou。

4。Whatdidthearticlementionedinthepassagetalkabout？

[A］Onemaymasterthewayofreasoningthroughobservation.

Onemaybecomerathercriticalthroughobservationandanalysis。

［C］Onemaybecomerathersharpthroughobservationandanalysis。

[D]Onemaybecomepracticalthroughobservationandanalysis.

Vocabulary

1。ThomasCarlyle

托馬斯?卡萊爾1795-1881美國(guó)作家、歷史家、哲學(xué)家

2。jumble(up)

搞亂，使混亂

3.layhandon（upon)sth。

抓住，找到

4.atbest

最好的情況下

5。elbowout(off)

用胳膊肘擠出，推出

6.deuce=devil

whatthedeuceisittome?

這里表示福爾摩斯的厭惡心理.

義：這倒霉的詞兒與我有什么關(guān)系？

7。whileawaythetime

消磨/打發(fā)時(shí)間

8。shrewdness

機(jī)敏，敏銳，犀利

9。far-fetched

牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)，不自然

10.fathom

看穿/透,推測(cè)，探索

11.infallible

一貫正確

12。uninitiated

對(duì)某事無(wú)知的

13.Euclid

歐幾里德（古希臘數(shù)學(xué)家）

14。necromancer

巫師

難句譯注

1。Afooltakesinallthelumberofeverysortthathecomesacross，sothattheknowledgewhichmightbeusefultohimgetscrowdedout，oratbestjumbledupwithalotofotherthings，sothathehasdifficultyinlayinghishanduponit.

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】主從句結(jié)構(gòu)，主句Afool…后跟lumber的定從thathecomesacross。從句sothat中有一knowledge的定從which;or鏈接前后兩個(gè)分詞crowdedout與jumbledup；但第一個(gè)sothat從句又是后面sothat的主句。

【參考譯文】蠢人把他碰到的每種木材（制家具)都拿進(jìn)來(lái)。這樣，可能對(duì)他有用的知識(shí)都被擠出去;最好的情況下,也是和其他種種事情混在一起，所以他就很難抓住知識(shí)。

2.Itssomewhatambitioustitlewas“TheBookofLife,"anditattemptedtoshowhowmuchanobservantmanmightlearnbyanaccurateandsystematicexaminationofallthatcameinhisway.

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】并列句，連詞and后的句中有賓從howmuch…。

【參考譯文】這片文章稍有炫耀的標(biāo)題是“生命之書(shū)”。它想證明一個(gè)善于觀察的人通過(guò)對(duì)他經(jīng)歷到的一切事情都進(jìn)行真正地系統(tǒng)地考察可以學(xué)到多少東西。

3.Sostartlingwouldhisresultsappeartotheuninitiatedthatuntiltheylearnedtheprocessesbywhichhehadarrivedatthemtheymightwellconsiderhimasanecromancer。

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】復(fù)合主從句,sothat句型。So句是倒裝。正常句型應(yīng)為：Hisresultswouldappearsostartlingtotheuninitiatedthat…，that句中又是主從句，從句用until連接，中插bywhich定語(yǔ)從句修飾theprocesses。

【參考譯文】他的結(jié)論對(duì)無(wú)知的人來(lái)說(shuō)是那么驚人，所以他們很可能認(rèn)為他是個(gè)巫師，除非他們學(xué)會(huì)了他用以得出結(jié)論的過(guò)程。

4.Likeallotherarts,theScienceofDeductionandAnalysisisonewhichcanbeacquiredbylongandpatientstudy,norislifelongenoughtoallowanymortaltoattainthehighestpossibleperfectioninit.

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】并列句，nor連接.前一句中有定語(yǔ)從句which修飾one，后一句nor為否定詞。

【參考譯文】像所有的其他藝術(shù)一樣，演繹分析科學(xué)是一種通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期默默的研究，可以習(xí)得的學(xué)問(wèn)，而我們的生命并不長(zhǎng)得足以使任何凡人都能在這一領(lǐng)域取得可能是臻美的成就。

寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意

這是一篇“傳記"，作者采用以反襯正的對(duì)比手法寫(xiě)出了福爾摩斯之驚人才華。第一句話開(kāi)明宗旨“他的無(wú)知和他的有知一樣卓越驚人”，接著就是種種無(wú)知,達(dá)到突出其有知的成就。兩方面表達(dá)，一是福爾摩斯對(duì)無(wú)知的解釋?zhuān)翰荒苷諉稳?；二是作者的反?duì)見(jiàn)解襯托福之才華超人，能一滴水見(jiàn)大海。

答案詳解

1。A贊揚(yáng)。作者以無(wú)知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反對(duì)批評(píng)觀點(diǎn)來(lái)證明人物的正確.否定及所謂機(jī)刺旨在鋪墊.正反對(duì)比贊揚(yáng)福之精明強(qiáng)悍，才智超人,洞察力強(qiáng)。

2.C作者采用對(duì)比手法。

3。B學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把頭腦比作一個(gè)小小的空屋，不能隨意選擇家具（知識(shí)）塞滿空間,應(yīng)選擇“有用之才”,免得填滿了廢物,把有用之才擠出去。

4。C通過(guò)觀察和分析人會(huì)變得很敏銳.最后二段都是講福所寫(xiě)文章的內(nèi)容。善于觀察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本質(zhì)，一點(diǎn)水能知大西洋。這種一葉知秋的本領(lǐng)是通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期觀察、分析研究而得。也就是說(shuō)，通過(guò)觀察分析，人可以變得敏感聰慧，因?yàn)槿f(wàn)物都有聯(lián)系。[社會(huì)生活型閱讀理解（一)]—-——-（一）I’vespentoverayearinIndia，andinthose365plusdays,I’velearnedalotaboutgettingaroundIndiancities。Mybiggestlessonshavebeenlearnedthroughbeingcheated,particularlybytaxiandrickshaw(人力車(chē)）drivers，butthatdoesn'tmeanthosearebadwaystotravel，aslongasyouknowwhatyou'redoing。BelowarethebestwaystogetaroundthecityofDelhi,India，andtipsforhowtokeepfrombeingthevictimofscams（欺詐）．TakingtaxisisagreatwaytogetaroundthecityofDelhiandchancesare,ifyouarriveinDelhibyplane，assoonasyoumakeitthroughcustoms，you’llbeswarmedbyIndiantaxidrivers.AttheDelhiairport，besuretoarrangeforataxitoyourhotelatoneofthetwoDelhiTrafficPoliceTaxiBooths.Oneisinsidetheairport，andoneisoutside.Thekeyistomakesuretogotoaboothrunbythepolice,ratherthanbyindependenttaxidrivers.RickshawsareoneofmyfavouritewaystogetaroundIndiancities,inpartbecauseit’showthelocalsoftentravel.Autorickshawsaremorecommon，butbicyclerickshawsarestillusedinOldDelhi.Ifyoudohaveachancetotakeabicyclerickshaw，youshoulddoitatleastonceforauniqueexperiencethatshouldonlysetyoubackabout15rupees.AutorickshawratesaroundDelhirangebetween30and80rupees,dependingonthedistance。IfyoureallywanttotravelaroundDelhilikethelocals,takeapublicbus.Indianbusesbecomeverycrowdedandmostdonothaveairconditioning.Theyare,however，verycheap。Abustripwon’tsetyoubackanymorethan15rupees,aslongasyoustaywithinthecitylimits。SinceIndianbusesgetsocrowded,trytoboardthebusatthestartoftheroutesoyoucangetaseat.ThetrainisagreatwaytogetaroundwithinthecityofDelhi。Faresarereasonable，between6and22rupees。AlldepartureannouncementsareinbothHindiandEnglish,andtokenscanbepurchasedforbetween6and22rupees。1．Theauthoristryingto________inDelhithroughthistext.A．givesom