2021-2022學(xué)年山西省呂梁市孝義第二中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試題含解析

2021-2022學(xué)年山西省呂梁市孝義第二中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Clothingmadeofman-madematerialshascertainadvantagesover_____madeofnaturaloneslikecotton,woolorsilk.A.one

B.what

C.that

D.theones參考答案：C2.WhilereportsaboutthecontrolofEbolaoutbreakappeartobeencouraging,someare________optimistic,becausewecannotaffordtoputpeopleunderrisk.A.casually

B.cautiously

C.slightly

D.desperately參考答案：B【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】副詞解析：A隨意地；B謹(jǐn)慎地；C稍微地；D絕望地。有些人對(duì)于埃博拉的控制情形謹(jǐn)慎樂觀。根據(jù)題意選B。【技巧點(diǎn)撥】熟記副詞的含義，認(rèn)真審題，感悟題意，別無他法。3.

MumtriedtopersuadeDadnottosmoke,buthejust______listen.A.wouldn't

B.couldn't

C.shouldn't

D.mustn't參考答案：A

4.DuringtheSinglesDayin2017,thesalesofChinesee-commercegiantssuchasAlibabaoutnumbered

ofBlackFridayandCyberMondayintheUS.A.that B.those C.this D.it參考答案：B5.IwaschattingontheInternetlastnightwhenIsmeltsomething

inthenextroom．A．burning

B．toburn

C．beburnt

D．tobeburnt參考答案：A略6.Imade

secondthoroughsearchoftheroombeforefinding

ringundermybed. A．a(chǎn);a B．a(chǎn);the C．the;the D．the;a參考答案：B7.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_____regularly,canimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedout B.carryingoutC.carriedout D.tocarryout參考答案：C【詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略句。句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，適量的鍛煉，如果被定期進(jìn)行，能提高人們的健康。當(dāng)主從句的主語(yǔ)一致的情況，可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，Ifcarriedout=ifproperamountsofexercisearecarriedout。選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】如果主句的主語(yǔ)和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，且狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有be動(dòng)詞，從句的主語(yǔ)連同be可一起省略，該類狀語(yǔ)從句多為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步等，連詞為when,while,though,if,unless,although,asif等，后面通常接分詞、不定式、形容詞、名詞等。8.Themomentsheheardmanager’sangryvoiceonthephone,

she_______what

shewouldhavetoface.

A.hadsensed

B.hassensed

C.sensed

D.wouldsense參考答案：C9.HegotthefirstplaceintheOralEnglishContest,____wasbeyondhisexpectation.

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.which參考答案：D略10.Youare_____tobedisappointedifyouhopetogotocollegewithouthardwork.A.vague

B.bound

C.eager

D.anxious參考答案：B11.Asthesenewproductsarenotsellingwell,themembersoftheboardhavedecidedto______production.A.cutaway

B.cutup

C.cutdownon

D.cutoff參考答案：C略12.Theweatherofthiswinteriscolderthan____ofanyotheryear.A.one

B.it

C.that

D.theone參考答案：C13.----Limingdidn’tpassthedrivingtestthistime?----___________?Hiscoachsaidhewasthebestoneinhisteam.A.Sowhat

B.Howcome

C.Notatall

D.Idon’tthinkso參考答案：B14.Beingconstantlyexposedtoadvertisementsisannoying,butit______bepleasantsometimes.A.shall B.need C.can D.must參考答案：C15.—IsawMr.Blackontheplaygroundthismorning.

—You________.He’sstillonholidayinSanya.A.can’t

B.couldn’thave

C.mustn’thave

D.needn’t

參考答案：B16.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings

youcanfindthemagain.A.there

B.inwhich

C.when

D.where參考答案：D二、完型填空17.Self-confidencedoesnotnecessarilyimplyabeliefinone'sabilitytosucceed.Forinstance,onemaybe

49ataparticularsportoractivity,butremain"confident",simplybecauseonedoesnot

50

agreatdealofemphasisontheresultoftheactivity.Whenonedoesnotalwaysthinkofnegativeresults,onecanbemore"self-confident"becauseoneis51

farlessaboutfailureorthe

52

ofothersfollowingpotentialfailure.Oneisthenmorelikelytofocusontheactualsituation,whichmeansthatenjoymentandsuccessinthatsituationisalsomoreprobable.Beliefinone'sabilitiestoperformanactivitycomes

53

successfulexperienceandmayaddtoageneralsenseofself-confidence.Studieshavealsofounda54

betweenhighlevelsofconfidenceandwages.

55

,thosewhoself-reporttheywereconfidentearlierinschoolingearnedbetterwagesandwerepromotedmorequicklyoverthelifecourse.49.A.good

B.experienced

C.poor

D.surprised

50.A.make

B.lay

C.play

D.take51.A.talking

B.asking

C.worrying

D.learning52.A.respect

B.disapproval

C.envy

D.dishonesty53.A.through

B.to

C.towards

D.before54.A.difference

B.link

C.similarity

D.distance55.A.Alternatively

B.Immediately

C.Sharply

D.Seemingly參考答案：49-50CB

51-55CBABD【文章綜述】本文講的是有關(guān)自信心的一些問題，自信是成功的基礎(chǔ)?！敬鸢附馕觥?9.C，poor差的，一個(gè)人在一個(gè)特定的領(lǐng)域可能比較差，但是會(huì)保持自信因?yàn)樗麤]有非常重視活動(dòng)的結(jié)果。50.B，layemphasison強(qiáng)調(diào)；把重點(diǎn)放在,此處指的是不關(guān)注結(jié)果。51.C，當(dāng)一個(gè)人不總是考慮負(fù)面結(jié)果的時(shí)候，他就不會(huì)擔(dān)心失敗，或潛在的失敗所帶來的別人的否定和不贊成。worryabout擔(dān)心。52.B，disapproval不贊成，參照上題。53.A，comethrough相信自己有能力執(zhí)行一個(gè)活動(dòng)來自成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)并且能夠增加自信感。54.B，自信的水平和和薪水之間也有聯(lián)系。55.D，alternatively非此即彼；immediately立即；立刻；sharply急劇的

seemingly看來好像；看起來，那些在學(xué)校自認(rèn)為自己比較自信的人會(huì)贏得更好的工資和晉升更快。

三、閱讀理解18.Manypeopleexperienceproblemswiththeirspine(脊椎)astheyage.Thetissuethatprotectsthejointsinthespinegraduallybreaksdown.Asaconsequence,thebones,inthespinebegintorubagainsteachother.Thisfurtherharmsthatissueaswellasthebones.Theresultispaininthejointsand,sometimes,innervesnearthespineThispainfulproblemisactuallyadiseasecalledosteoporosis.Somepeoplearemoreatriskofosteoporosisbecauseofgenesthattheyinheritedfromtheirancestors.Extremelyheavypeoplearealsomorelikelytosufferfromthisdiseasebecausetheirextraweightputsmuchpressureontheirjoints.Fortunately,therearestepsthatpeoplecantaketohelppreventosteoporosisfromdevelopingintheirspine.Themostimportantstepisexercise.Stretchescanhelpthemusclesaroundthespinerelaxandallowbonestoshiftintobetteralignment(排列),Strengthexerciseswithlightweightsorbodyweightexerciseslikepushupscanalsohelpbystrengtheningthemusclesaroundthespine.However,peopleshouldnotoverdotheseexercisesasrepeatedmotionscanstrainthemusclesaroundthespine.Tryingtoliftheavyweightswithpoortechniquecanhavethesameeffect.Anotherimportantfactorisdiet.Itaffectsthehealthofspinebecausemanyvitaminsarenecessaryforbonesandnerves.TheseincludeBvitaminsandomega-3fattyacids,allofwhichhelpskeepnerveshealthy.PeoplecangetmoreBvitaminandomega3fattyacidsbytakingsupplementssoldbystores.AnotherimportantfactorisvitaminD.whichisessentialforstrongbones.Allofthesevitaminsandacidscanbeobtainedfromfood.Thuspeoplecanhelpthemselvesbyincludingthemintheirdailydiets36.Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplain?A.Variousaspectsofamedicalcondition.B.Theactionsofvirusesthatcauseillnesses.C.Drugsoftenusedtosolvethephysicalissue.D.Thelocationoforgansinthehumanbody.37.Howdoesthewriterbeginthisarticle?A.Bypredictingimprovement.B.Byanalyzingaseriesofdata.C.Byintroducingminorinjuries.D.Bydescribingagradualprocess38.Whatcanreadersfindinthisarticle?A.Awarningaboutworkingouttoohard.B.Amethodforimprovingsleepquality.C.Asloganusedtopromotehealthclasses.D.Abigcriticismoftenaimedatdoctors.39.Whatdoesthearticleimplyaboutsupplement?A.Theyaremainlyforyoungsters.B.Theyarecommercialproducts.C.Theyarenowbeingresearched.D.Theyareseldomtrulyeffective參考答案：36.A

37.D

38.A

39.B這是一篇說明文。講述了“骨質(zhì)疏松癥”形成過程和導(dǎo)致的原因，以及如何預(yù)防的建議?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段最后一句“Theresultispaininthejointsand,sometimes,innervesnearthespine”可知第一段主要講這種疾病的演化過程；第二段第一句“Thispainfulproblemisactuallyadiseasecalledosteoporosis.”給出這種疾病的正式命名，并且說明了兩種可能致病的原因；第二段最后一句“therearestepsthatpeoplecantaketohelppreventosteoporosisfromdevelopingintheirspine.”可知第三、四段主要講兩種預(yù)防這種疾病的建議。故文章分別得病過程、致病原因以及如何預(yù)防骨質(zhì)疏松的建議這幾個(gè)方面來解釋這種疾病，故文章主要從不同方面解釋一種醫(yī)學(xué)疾病，故選A?！?7題詳解】篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thetissuethatprotectsthejointsinthespinegraduallybreaksdown.Asaconsequence,thebones,inthespinebegintorubagainsteachother.Thisfurtherharmsthatissueaswellasthebones.”以及后文可知保護(hù)脊柱關(guān)節(jié)的組織逐漸分解。結(jié)果，脊柱里的骨頭開始互相摩擦。這進(jìn)一步傷害了骨骼和這個(gè)問題?？芍髡咄ㄟ^描述一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過程來開始這一篇文章，故選D?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句“However,peopleshouldnotoverdotheseexercisesasrepeatedmotionscanstrainthemusclesaroundthespine.Tryingtoliftheavyweightswithpoortechniquecanhavethesameeffect.”可知人們不應(yīng)該過度運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)橹貜?fù)的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)使脊柱周圍的肌肉緊張。嘗試用拙劣的技巧舉重也會(huì)有同樣的效果。即讀者可以在文中找到關(guān)于過度鍛煉的警告，故選A。【39題詳解】判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第四句“PeoplecangetmoreBvitaminandomega3fattyacidsbytakingsupplementssoldbystores.”可知人們可以通過服用商店出售的補(bǔ)品獲得更多的B族維生素和-3脂肪酸。補(bǔ)品在商店售出即可知補(bǔ)品是商品，故選B。19.Notallthinklaughteristhebestmedicine,butitseemstohelp.Soscientistscarriedonanewstudyofdiabetes(糖尿病)patientswhoweregivenagooddoseofhumorforayeartoproveit.Researchersdivided20high-riskdiabeticpatientsintotwogroups.Bothgroupsweregivenstandarddiabetesmedicine.GroupLviewed30minutesofhumoroftheirchoice，whileGroupC，thecontrolgroup，didnot.Thiswentonforayearoftreatments.Bytwomonthsintothestudy，thepatientsinthelaughtergrouphadlowerlevelofthehormonesepinephrine(腎上腺素)，consideredtocausestress，whichisknowntobedeadly.Afterthe12months，HDLcholesterolrises26percentinGroupLbutonly3percentinGroupC．Inanothermeasure，C-reactiveproteins，amakerofheartdisease，drop66percentinthelaughtergroupbutonly26percentinthecontrolgroup.“Thebestdoctorsbelievethatthereisaphysicalgoodbroughtaboutbythepositiveemotion，happylaughter，”saidstudyleaderLeeBerkofLomaLindaUniversity.Andotherresearchhasfoundthathumormakesusmorehopeful.Still，morestudyisneeded，Berksaid.TheresearchbyBerkfoundthat

humorcanbringaboutsimilarchangesinbodychemistry，whichwasprovedinthenewstudy.TheresearchresultwillbepresentedthismonthatthemeetingintheUS.ResearchattheUniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicineshowsthatlaughtercausestheinnerliningofbloodvesselstoexpand，increasingbloodflowinawaythoughttobehealthy.“Lifestylechoiceshaveanimportanteffectonhealthandthesearechoiceswhichweandpatientsshouldpayattentionto，ratherthanpreventionandtreatment,”Berksaidinastatementthisweek.12.Whydidthescientistscarryonthenewresearch?A.Tofindoutiflaughterwasgoodtohealth.B.Todiscoverthebestmedicinetocurediabetes.C.Becausethenumberofdiabeticpatientsisthelargestintheworld.D.Becausediabeticpatientsneedmorelaughterthanotherpatients.13.After12monthsintothestudy，________.A.C-reactiveproteinsincrease66percentinGroupCB.thelevelofthehormonesepinephrinestaysthesameinbothgroupsC.thelevelofthehormonesepinephrinehasdroppedD.C-reactiveproteinsreduced66percentinGroupL14.Theunderlinedpart“HDLcholesterol”inParagraph3mustbe______.A.somethingbadtoourhealth

B.somethinggoodtoourhealthC.akindofwonderfulmedicine

D.akindofdangerousdisease15.Inwhatwaydoeslaughterbenefitpeople’shealth?A.Bloodismadethickbylaught