重復(fù)法篇章翻譯原文及參考答案

注：這是連淑能教材P182-183的全文翻譯，各班根據(jù)摘選部分參考答案。原文并沒有分段，此處分段只是為了大家方便。BooksJohnRuskinThegoodbookofthehour,then,—Idon’tspeakofthebadones—issimplytheusefulorpleasanttalkofsomepersonwhomyoucannototherwiseconversewith,printedforyou.Veryusefuloften,tellingyouwhatyouneedtoknow;verypleasantoften,asasensiblefriend’spresenttalkwouldbe.Thesebrightaccountsoftravels;good-humoredandwittydiscussionsofquestion;livelyorpatheticstory—tellingintheformofnovel;firmfact-telling,bytherealagentsconcernedintheeventsofpassinghistory;—allthesebooksofthehour,multiplyingamongusaseducationbecomesmoregeneral,areapeculiarcharacteristicandpossessionofthepresentage:weoughttobeentirelythankfulforthem,andentirelyashamedofourselvesifwemakenogooduseofthem.Butwemaketheworstpossibleuse,ifweallowthemtousurptheplaceoftruebooks:for,strictlyspeaking,theyarenotbooksatall,butmerelylettersornewspapersingoodprint.Ourfriend'slettermaybedelightful,ornecessary,to-day:whetherworthkeepingornot,istobeconsidered.Thenewspapermaybeentirelyproperatbreakfasttime,butassuredlyitisnotreadingforallday.So,thoughboundupinavolume,thelongletterwhichgivesyousopleasantanaccountoftheinns,androads,andweatherlastyearatsuchaplace,orwhichtellsyouthatamusingstory,orgivesyoutherealcircumstancesofsuchandsuchevents,howevervaluableforoccasionalreference,maynotbe,intherealsenseoftheword,a"book"atall,nor,intherealsense,tobe"read".Abookisessentiallynotatalkedthing,butawrittenthing;andwritten,notwiththeviewofmerecommunication,butofpermanence.Thebookoftalkisprintedonlybecauseitsauthorcannotspeaktothousandsofpeopleatonce;ifhecould,hewould—thevolumeismeremultiplicationofhisvoice.YoucannottalktoyourfriendinIndia;ifyoucould,youwould;youwriteinstead:thatismereconveyanceofvoice.Butabookiswritten,nottopreserveit.Theauthorhassomethingtosaywhichheperceivestobetrueanduseful,orhelpfullybeautiful.Sofarasheknows,noonehasyetsaidit;sofarasheknows,nooneelsecansayit.Heisboundtosayit,clearlyandmelodiouslyifhemay;clearly,atallevents.Inthesumofhislifehefindsthistobethething,orgroupofthings,manifesttohim;—thisthepieceoftrueknowledge,orsight,whichhisshareofsunshineandearthhaspermittedhimtoseize.Hewouldfainsetitdownforever;engraveitonrock,ifhecould;saying,“Thisisthebestofme;fortherest,Iate,anddrank,andslept,loved,andhated,likeanother;mylifewasasthevapor,andisnot;butthisIsawandknew:this,ifanythingofmine,isworthyourmemory,”Thatishis“writing”;itis,inhissmallhumanway,andwithwhateverdegreeoftrueinspirationisinhim,hisinscription,orscripture.Thatisa“Book”.（FromSesameandLilies）參考譯文1論書籍約翰·拉斯金所謂風(fēng)行一時(shí)的好書（這里且不論及壞書）往往不過是一些供你來觀閱的有益或有趣的談話而已，而發(fā)表談話的人，你除了觀閱其書以外，常常無法和他交談。這些書往往非常有益，因?yàn)樗鼤嬖V你許多必要的知識；往往非常有趣，正像一位聰明友人的當(dāng)面談話那樣。比如，種種生動(dòng)的旅行記敘；輕松愉快而又充滿機(jī)智的問題討論；以小說形式講述的各種悲喜故事；事過境遷，由當(dāng)事人親自提供的確鑿事實(shí)，等等。所有這些風(fēng)行一時(shí)的書，隨著文化教育的普及而日益增多，它們是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代所特有的事物。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對這些書深表感謝，而如果不能善加利用，就應(yīng)當(dāng)深感慚愧。但是如果竟讓它們侵占了真正書籍的地位，那我們就又完全用非其當(dāng)了，因?yàn)閲?yán)格地講，這些很難算是什么書籍，而只不過是印刷精良的書信、報(bào)章而已。我們友人的書信在當(dāng)天也許是有趣的，甚至是必要的，但是有無保存價(jià)值，就須考慮了。報(bào)紙?jiān)诔栽顼垥r(shí)拿來讀可能是最好不過了，但是若作為全天的讀物，便不適合。所以，一封內(nèi)容關(guān)于去年某地的客棧、旅途或天氣的有趣記載的長信，或是其中講了什么好玩的故事或某某事件的真相的其他信件，現(xiàn)在雖然裝訂成冊，而且也頗有臨時(shí)參考價(jià)值，卻在嚴(yán)格意義上講，不能稱之為“書籍”，也談不上真正的“閱讀”。書籍就其本質(zhì)來講，不是講話；而是著述；而著述的目的，不僅在于達(dá)意，而且在于流傳。講話要印成書冊，主要是因?yàn)橹v話人無法對千千萬萬的人同時(shí)講話。假設(shè)能夠的話，他會愿意直接來講的。書籍只是他音量的擴(kuò)大罷了。你無法和你在印度的朋友當(dāng)面談話（假若能夠的話，你也會愿意直接來面談的）于是你便以寫代談，這也無非是聲音的傳送而已。但是，書籍的編著卻并非僅僅是為了擴(kuò)充或傳送聲音，而是為了使它經(jīng)久。作者由于發(fā)現(xiàn)了某些真實(shí)而有用的或者美而有益的事物，因而感到有話要說。據(jù)他所知，這話還不曾有人說過，也還沒人能夠說得出來。因此他責(zé)無旁貸，非說不可，倘有可能，還要盡量說得清楚明白而又優(yōu)雅。最起碼，說得明白曉暢是應(yīng)該做到的?？偲湟簧?，著書者發(fā)現(xiàn)，他對于某件事或某些事物了然于胸，富有見地，而所有這些真知灼見恰恰是他通過在世間的福分機(jī)緣和經(jīng)歷感悟所把握的。他極其渴望能將它著于篇章以垂久