高中英語不定式及練習(xí)題

EnglishGrammarTheInfinitive不定式語態(tài)

時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing/完成進行式tohavebeendoing/一般式:表示與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動作之后。

Heseemstoknowit.Shewishestopassthecomingexam.完成式:表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。

HeseemstohavebeentoJapan.HeissaidtohavejoinedthePartyin1943.進行式：表示在謂語動作發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進行。

HepretendedtobesleepingwhenIentered.完成進行式:表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,并且目前還在進行。

We’rehappytohavebeen

workingwithyou.Heissaidtohavebeenlivingherefor6decades.不定式的否定：not+不定式Hepretendednottoseemewhenpassingbyme.Heseemsnottohavebeen

there.1.作主語2.作表語3.作定語5.作賓補不定式6.作狀語7.作同位語8.作獨立成分4.作賓語2.作表語：

Mywishistogoabroadforfurtherstudies.3.作定語,表示要干的事：

Ihaveacompositiontowrite.Thehousetobebuiltnextyearis150squaremetres.一、不定式可作以下句子成分：1.作主語,亦可用it作形式主語：Totakeexerciseeverydayisbeneficialtohealth.

Itisnecessarytolearnmaths.5.做賓補：Iwantmydaughtertoplaythepianoforanhoureveryday.Withlotsofworktodo,hehadtogiveupthetriptotheGreatWall.

注：有些動詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補,比如have,make,watch,see,hear,let,notice等。We’llhavehimspeak

attomorrow’smeeting.4.做賓語：HewantstoenterTsinghuaUniversity.

有些動詞可用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語不定式放在后面：Ithinkitnecessarytoexerciseeveryday.6.作狀語：1)表示目的:Tokeephisfamily,heworked12hoursaday.Heroseearlysoas

tocatchthe8:30train.He’seconomicalwithmeatinordertopayoffthedebts.2)表示結(jié)果：Hewokeuptofindhiswalletmissing.Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.Hewalkedtoofast(forme)tocatchupwith.Hewalkedsofastasnottotakenoticeofme.Heissuchagoodkidastobelovedbyallofus.3)表示程度:Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Hespokefastenoughformenottounderstand.Thequestioniseasyenoughforhertoanswer.4)表示原因:Hewassurprisedtohearthenews.Shewepttothinkofherdeadmother.5)表示條件:

Toturntotheleft,youcouldfindacinema.7.作同位語:Hiswishtoenterafamousuniversityiscertaintocometrue.Ourgeneraltask,tobuildChinaintoapowerfulcountry,willsurelybecompleted.8.作獨立成分:

Totellyouthetruth,Iamwornout.

Tostartwith,onbehalfoftheschool,Igiveyouawarmwelcome.

Tobehonest,Idislikedoingsoaswell.二、不定式復(fù)合短語2)作賓語,常用it作形式賓語：Weconsideritunfairforhimtoeattwopears.3)作表語：Mywishisforourpeopletoliveahappylife.1.for+賓語+不定式：1)作主語,常用it作形式主語：

Forhertogoaloneatnightistoodangerous.=Itistoodangerousforhertogoaloneatnight.4)作定語：Thequestionforhertoanswerishard.5)作目的狀語：Wehandedinourhomeworkintimefortheteachertocorrect.2.疑問詞+不定式（if/why除外,不用被動語態(tài))：1)作主語:

Whentoleaveisnotclear.2)作賓語：Wedon’tknowwhethertogotomorrow.Iaminterestedinhowtodoit.3)作表語：Myquestioniswhotoanswerforit.3.of+賓語+不定式：表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征,可作邏輯主語和邏輯賓語,用it作形式主語或形式賓語。該短語用于下列形容詞之后：kind,nice,right,good,silly,foolish,stupid,polite,cruel,rude,careless,wrong,wise等。

Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.=Youareverykindtohelpme.

Itisstupidofyoutodoso.=Youarestupidtodoso.Wefeelitimpoliteofhimtosmokeinpublic.三、except/but(除……之外)若其前有行為動詞do,后跟動詞原形,否則跟帶to的不定式：Thereisnothinglefttodobut/exceptwaitforhertocome.Shedidnothingexcept/butcry.Wehavenochoiceexcept/buttostayhere.四、下列句型后跟動詞原形：1)hadbetter+動詞原形Youhadbetter(not)giveintoher.2)wouldrather+動詞原形

Iwouldrather(not)stayhere.3)Why+動詞原形Why(not)giveup

thejob?4)can’thelpbut/cannotbut/cannotchoosebut+動詞原形(不得不……)Ican’thelpbutleaveschool.

5)may/mightaswell+動詞原形(不妨……)Youmayaswelltrythismethod.五、不定式的主動表被動：1.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來修飾主語的不定式可以用主動也可以用被動形式，在口語中用主動形式的時候更多一些。如：Therearestillmanydifficultiestoovercome/tobeovercome).There’snothingtodo/tobedone.2.在too...to...和enoughto…結(jié)構(gòu)中,可用不定式的主動表被動。但用主動形式更常見。如：Theboxistooheavytomove.Thisbookischeapenoughtobuy.3.在“形容詞+不定式”句型中。最常用的形容詞有

:hard,

good,amusing,interesting,cheap,difficult,easy,nice,dangerous,good,pleasant,comfortable,heavy,light,important等。

Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.Thepictureisnicetolookat.Ifindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theythinkthegameinterestingtoplay.4.不定式作后置定語時,如果其邏輯主語是不定式動作的執(zhí)行者,則用不定式的主動語態(tài)。如：

Ihaveameetingtoattendtoday.Hegavemesomebookstoread.Pleasegetmesomethingtoeat.但如果句子主語不是不定式的邏輯主語，則需要用不定式的被動形式。如：I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourparents?

(you不是totake的邏輯主語。totake的邏輯主語沒有出現(xiàn)在句中，所以用被動式。)5.在“形容詞+名詞+不定式”句型中,不定式用主動表被動。如：This/That/Itisaneasyquestiontoanswer.Theyaregooddoctorstorelyon.Heisadifficultmantodealwith.Ifindhimanhardbosstogetalongwith.IthinktheGreatWallagoodplacetovisit.

六、動詞+theretobe:

常見動詞有:believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,hate,understand,wouldlike等。

Wedidn’texpecttheretobeasnakethere.我們沒料到那里會有蛇。Iwould

liketheretobeapictureonthewall.我想在墻上掛一張畫。Idon’twanttheretobeanykidsleftbehind.我不想有任何孩子掉隊。七、for+theretobe:Itisimpossiblefortheretobeanychance.不可能有機會了。Itwastoolatefortheretobeanybuses.時間太晚了,不會有汽車了。Wewaitedfortheretobeanotherchance.我們期待著還有下一次機會。

Practice1.Thestudentsexpectedthere_____morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexam.A.beB.beingC.havebeenD.tobe2.Hesaiditwaspossiblefor______afilmtonight.A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therewasD.therewouldbe3.Annneverdreamsof_____achanceforhertogoabroad.A.beingB.theretobeC.therebeingD.therebe____________4.Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,butmothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating

____________7.Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone8.—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.—Don’tyouremember_____methestoryyesterday?A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold9.Therearefivepairs_____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing____________—Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeateggeveryday?—_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting11._____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.sleepingC.SleepD.havingslept12.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold____________13.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen14.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A.settled

B.settling

C.tosettle

D.beingsettled

15.

Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif______whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.

A.seeing

B.havingseen

C.tohaveseen

D.tosee

____________16.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.

A.t