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簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型
英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型。掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下:一:S+V(主+謂)二:S+V+P(主+系+表)三:S+V+O(主+謂+賓)四:S+V+InO
+DO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)五:S+V+O+C(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))基本句型一S+V(主+謂)
此句型的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。SV
(不及物動(dòng)詞)1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegone
Thetrainleavesat10.Helivedinasmallhouse.Thenewsreporterhastravelledthoundsofmiles.
SV→SVA
基本句型二S+V+P(主+系+表)
此句型的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ),才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞表像系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞變化系動(dòng)詞終止系動(dòng)詞SV(是系動(dòng)詞)P(表語(yǔ))1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface
issmells(聞)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.
基本句型三S+V+O(主+謂+賓)此句型句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義,都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作,但不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。SV(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)O(賓語(yǔ))
1.Who
2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."Iputitonthedesk.Theguidegaveabooktome.Wetreatedhimwithgreatrespect.
SVO→SVOA
基本句型四S+V+IO+DO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)
此句型的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者,另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接,當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí),這一介詞往往被省略。SVIO(多指人)DO(多指物)1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.He
passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed
himherMary
youherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.
Giveittome.Iwillorderittoyou.Iboughtthisformyson.Iwouldexplainittowhoeverwouldlisten.SVOO→SVOA
基本句型五S+V+O+C(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))句型中的動(dòng)詞雖是及物動(dòng)詞,但只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ),意思才完整。SV(及物)O(賓語(yǔ))C(賓補(bǔ))1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsaw
thetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethem
clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.
Weregardthisasofgreatimportance.Theydeclaredtheelectionasillegal.Itookhimforhisbrother.ThePresidentnominatedhimforSecretaryofState.
SVOC→SVOA
1.Theyworkhard.
主+謂2.Theflowerisdead.
主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.
主+謂+賓4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.
主+謂+直賓+簡(jiǎn)賓5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.
主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.
主+謂+狀基本句型五(v+o+o.c)的擴(kuò)展
Wefoundthehallfull.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿(mǎn)了。
Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿(mǎn)了學(xué)生和教師。
Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers
listeningtoanimportantreport.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿(mǎn)了學(xué)生和教師,在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。
WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿(mǎn)了學(xué)生和教師,在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。
不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣,應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類(lèi)型。以get為例:
He'sgettingangry.Hegotthroughthewindow.You'llgetasurprise.Hegothisshoesandsockswet.Hegothimselfintotrouble.Hegotherasplendidpresent.
詞類(lèi)和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.
我很容易地找到了這本書(shū)。
Ifoundthebookeasy.
我覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很容易。
Ihavetodosomething.我得做點(diǎn)事。
Ihavesomethingtodo.我有點(diǎn)事做。
(SVP)(SVO)(SVO)(SVOC)(SVOC)(SV0O)(SVO)(SVOC)
ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdel
AnjarAugust14,2006.
S+V
A53-pointwinoverSouthKoreawrappedupaperfectAsianexhibitiontourforastar-studdedU.S.teamonitswaytotheworldchampionships.
S+V+O
Ministry:ThaibirdfludidnotoriginateinChina
AccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministry'sstatementsaid.
s+v+p
ApolicemanremovesacheckpointnoticefromtheroadtothevillagewherebirdflupatientwerefoundinZhongweiCounty,northwestNingxiaAutonomousRegion,August12,2006.[Xinhua]MembersofHongKongsinginggroup,GillianChung(L)andCharleneChoiholdabannerwhichreads“Dignity”duringanewsconferenceentitled“Privacyanddignity:HongKongpeople‘sbusiness”inHongKongAugust28,2006.Semi-nude(半裸)photosofChungtakenwithahiddencamerahavesparkedanuproar(騷動(dòng))amongfansandwomen'srightgroups.S+V+O
FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.
這個(gè)定理,先是由十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出,曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難,包括一位法國(guó)女科學(xué)家,她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展,她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。
簡(jiǎn)析:夾雜過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Eventhoughtheremaybeatendencyinsomerarefamiliestoliveextraordinarilylong,thegeneticinfluencethatemergedfromthestudiesoftwinswassignificantlylessthanmuchofthepublicandmanyscientiststhinkitis.
S+V+P
JosephineTesauro,left,activeandhealthyat92,ispartofastudytryingtodeterminewhysomepeopleagebetterthanothers,evenwhentheyarecloselyrelated.
WashingtonsaysworldpowersarepoisedtobegindiscussingpunitivemeasuresnextweekagainstIranif,asexpected,theInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA)reportsTeheranhasignoredtheUNdemandtostopenrichinguraniumbyAugust31.英語(yǔ)句式考查1.Whom
would
you
rather____
the
car?—My
father.A.have
fix
B.have
to
fix
C.had
fix
D.have
to
be
fixed2.Was
it
8
o’clock___you
heard
someone____at
the
door?
A.when;knocking
B.when;knock
C.that;knocking
D.that;knock3.Was
it
in
the
room___
Mr.
John
lived____the
exhibition
was
held?
A.that;that
B.where;where
C.that;where
D.where;that4.—Is
________
you
want
to
say?—Yes,________
that’s
all
I
know.
A.all
what;yet
B.which
all;unless
C.that
all;×
D.all
that;so5.Was
it
not
until
1920___
regular
radio
broadcasts
began?
A.while
B.which
C.that
D.since6.___the
house
Mr
Zhang
has
been
broken
into?
A.When
was
it
that
B.When
has
C.Has
D.Had7.Did____
she
was
chosen
make
her
very
happy?
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.it8.Was
it
at
the
air
battle
on
June
8,1994,_____
was
led
by
captain
Johnson,________
Peter
lost
his
life?
A.when;that
B.that;who
C.which;that
D.which;when9.---Wouldyoutellme___youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?---Sugar,please.
A.whether
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