機艙維修保養(yǎng)課件

WallemMaritimeTrainingCentre,QingdaoThiscoursehasbeenpreparedbyWMTCQfortraining,instructionandbriefingofshipscrewandofficestaffandisapprovedaspartofitsISO9001qualityaccreditedsystemCourseTitleEngineRoomMaintenance-HandoutDateJune08PreparedByJPReviewedByJSApprovedByJPNo.ofSlides46EngineRoomMaintenance&InspectionsMaintenancerequirementsLegal/SafetyISMCodeIACS/FlagSOLASSBMI,II&IIISMMSSMSHagueRulesHague-VisbyRulesCharterpartyManufacturerOperationManualsMaintenanceCompanyCommercialSOLASISMCodeIACS/FlagLegal/SafetyISMCode,Section10(Maintenanceofship&equipment)10.1-Thecompanyshouldestablishprocedurestoensuretheshipis‘Maintained’inconformitywithallrelevantrulesandregulations,aswellasanycompanyrequirementsSOLASISMCodeIACS/FlagLegal/SafetyInmeetingthisrequirementthecompanyshouldensure…10.2.1–Thatinspectionsareheldatappropriateintervals10.2.2–Thatanynon-conformityisreported,withitscauseifknown*10.2.3–Appropriatecorrectiveactionistakenasnecessary10.2.4–Andrecordsofalltheseactivitiesareproperlymaintained*ThisalsorelatestoISMCode,Section9–Reports&AnalysisofNon-Conformities,Accidents&HazardousOccurrencesSOLASISMCodeIACS/FlagLegal/Safety10.3–ThecompanyshouldestablishproceduresinitsSMStoidentifyanyequipmentortechnicalsystems,thatthesuddenfailureofwhichmayresultina‘HazardousOccurrence’…PromotingreliabilityofsuchequipmentorsystemsRegulartestingofstand-byequipmentorsystemsthatarenotinregularuseItemsof‘CriticalEquipment’Summary&UnderstandingISMCodeSection10(Maintenance)DocumentedPlannedControlledPersonnelRecordedNon-conformitiesTrainedReportedRectifiedRecordedANon-Conformityisanobservedsituationwhereobjectiveevidenceindicatesanon-fulfilmentofaspecifiedrequirement…basicallyitmaybetheresultofnotfollowingaprocedureWhen&ByWhoIfanincidentoraccidenthappensthatistheresultofadefectivepieceofequipmentoralackofmaintenance,thenanaudittrailshouldleadbacktothemaintenancehistoryofthepieceofequipmentToolsManualsForexampleduringanauditorinspection…TheinspectormayrequiretoseetheemergencyfirepumprunningandprovidingtherequiredwaterPressureonthefiremain.IfthepumpfailstostartorthepressureisInadequatethen…HemayrequireToseetheManufacturer’smanualsThecompany’sOwnmaintenanceProceduresmanualCheckingthatPersonnelResponsiblefortheMaintenanceCanreadandUnderstandthemanualsThatbothsetsofmanualsarecontrolleddocumentsProceduresforupdatingandcorrectingthesemanualsProceduresforcarryingoutreviewsandverificationsDetailsofanyNon-conformitiesthathavebeenraisedThereportingprocedures&anysubsequentcorrectiveactionLegalSOLASISMCodeIACS/FlagSOLASChap.II-1(PartA-1,Structureofships)InadditiontootherrequirementsinSOLAS,shipsshallbedesigned,constructedand‘Maintained’incompliancewiththestructural,mechanicalandelectricalrequirementsofaclassificationsocietyasrecognisedbytheFlagAdministrationofthevesselCompanySMSSBMI,II&IIISMMSSBMISBMIISBMIIISection11–EngineProcedures,Section14–MaintenanceSystem&Section15-PurchasingSection3–Criticalequipment,Section4–Inspections&Surveys&Section5–Bunkers&LuboilsSBMIII–Part2–‘Shipspecific’EngineProcedures&RequirementsCompanySMSSBMISMMSSBMI,Section14SMMS–thisisaWindowsbasedPlannedmaintenancesystem.Instructionsforusearecontainedinthevessel’sSMMSmanual.Aquickguidereferenceisalsoprovided(Version1.3).TheChiefEngineerisinchargeoftheupkeepofthesystem.TheMaster&ChiefEng.Aretoensurethattheplannedmaintenancesystemisimplemented.DataexportsaretobesenteverytwoweeksCommercialCharterpartyHagueRulesHague-VisbyRulesFromNYPECharterparty…‘Maintainherclassandkeepthevesselinathoroughlyefficientstateinhull,‘Machinery’andequipmentforandduringtheservice’(PeriodofCharter)ISMClause–‘TherequirementsoftheISMcodeareherebyincorporatedintothetermsoftheCharterparty’Hague-Visbyrules(Contractsofcarriage)ArticleIIIstates–TheCarrierisobligedtoMaketheship‘Seaworthy’andtoProperlyMan,EquipandSupplytheship…CommercialChartererVettingInspections

MainEnginesTheenginemustoperatesatisfactorily.AnySafetydevicesfittedmustfunctionproperly.Remotecontrolsfunctionproperly.Thereshouldbenoleakageofoilorwater.

JacketedHighPressureFuelOilpipesmustbeingoodorder.FuelOilleakalarmmustbeingoodorder.

EngineRoomRequirementsSOLASCh.II-1,PartCSOLASCh.II-2/15.2&SOLASCh.II-2/4Combustionproblemsoverthelast20yearshavechanged–

Before1985–enginessufferedfromcorrosion,carbondepositsandblacksludge.Between1985and1992–linerlacqueringandborepolishingwerethemainproblems.From1992–borepolishingandundercrowndepositsbecamesignificant.Todaythenewdesignofenginesmaysufferfromextremelylowoilconsumption,BN(basenumber)depletion,undercrowndeposits,increasedoilstressandlinerlacqueringaswellasfaultsindesignandmanufacturingofsomeenginetypes.CombustionProblemsForenvironmentalpurposes,moremodernenginesareequippedwithcrankcase‘Deaeration’withisledtotheinletair,immediatelybeforetheexhaustgasturbochargers.

Someenginessufferwithproblemscausedbyinsufficientseparationoftheoilmoisture.

Thisresultsinanunacceptableamountofuncleanoilenteringtheinletairsystem,causingpoorcombustionandfoulingwithseriousconsequences

Ofcoursethefuelcanbethecauseofmanyproblemsifitisnotinaccordancewiththemanufacturersrequiredspecs–Whenthemaximumallowableamountofwaterhasbeenexceededthiswillcausepoorcombustion,corrosionofthelinerwall,breakingofthepistonringsandabnormalwearofthehighpressurefuelpumpsandinjectorscausinginsufficientinjectionpressureandpoorcombustion.Duringcombustion,sulphurinthefuelcombineswithwatertoformsulphuricacid,mostoftheaciddisappearswiththeexhaustgas,butsomecondensesonthecylinderlinersurface.TheacidshouldbeneutralisedbythealkalineadditivesintheLuboilwhichmustbeofahighalkalinetypetocombatacids.InfluenceofFuelOilInsufficientcoolingwaterandchargeairtemperaturesincreasetheamountofacidcondensationsoitisimportantthatthewalltemperatureofthecylinderlinerisabovethedewpointofthesulphuricacid.Chargeairtemperatureshouldthereforeberunat50-60Candrecordedintheengineroomlogbook.Iftoomuchdirtenterstheenginetogetherwiththefuel,thiswillalsoresultinabnormalwearofthehighpressurefuelpumpandinjectors.Highsootlevelswillmixwiththethelubricatingoilonthelineralsocontainingsomeacid–usehighdetergentoilstoholdtheaciduntilthenextoilchange.ContaminatedLuboilmightindicatealackofmaintenanceorfaultypurificationprocess.

Generators&EmergencyGeneratorThegeneratorsshouldoperatesatisfactorily.Allsafetydevicesmustfunctionproperlyandaretested(Records).Remoteandautomaticcontrolsfunctionproperly(Fuelstops).Noleakageofoilorwater.Nothingstowedintheemergencygeneratorcompartmentthatshouldnotbethere.Emergencygeneratorshouldbestartedateachdrillandloadtested

JacketedHighPressureFuelOilpipesareingoodorder.FuelOilleakalarmmustbeingoodorder.

EngineRoomRequirementsSOLASCh.II-1,PartCSOLASCh.II-2/15.2&SOLASCh.II-2/4

BoilersMustoperatesatisfactorily.Allsafetydevicesmustfunctionproperly.Pressuregaugeshouldbeingoodorderandcalibratedeveryyear(Recordskepttoreflectthis).Noleakageofsteam,oilorwater.Waterlevelgaugesingoodorder.

EngineRoomRequirementsSOLASCh.II-1,PartCThisareashouldnotbeusedasalaundry‘dryingroom’

SternTubeSealNoleakageofoilorseawater(InorOut).

EngineRoomPiping(Includingfiremain)Noheavycorrosionorleakage.Nosoftpatches,doublersorcementboxes.Allvalvesmustoperatesatisfactorily.

EngineRoomRequirementsSOLASCh.II-1,PartCSOLASCh.II-1,PartC

OtherEssentialMachineryOperatesatisfactorily.Safetydevicesfunctionproperly.Remoteandautomaticcontrolsfunctionproperly.Noleakagefrompumpglands.Metersandgaugesshouldbeingoodworkingorder.

BilgelinesBilgepumpsandpipingareingoodorder.TheemergencybilgesuctionValvemustoperatesatisfactorily.

EngineRoomRequirementsSOLASCh.II-1,PartCSOLASCh.II-1,PartC

OverallConditionoftheE/RCleanlinessoftheE/R-Mustbecleanwithoutrubbishorwasteoil.Guards,fencingandProtectivecoversinplace.Allmetersandgaugesmustbeingoodorder.

Self-closingdevicesforsoundingpipeofFO&DOtanksoperate.

Meanstopreventoilsprayprovidedonflanges&jointsinoilpiping.Insulationforallsurfacesofmachinerywithhightemp.above220°C.EngineRoomRequirementsSOLASCh.II-1,PartCSOLASCh.II-2/4SOLASCh.II-2/15.2&SOLASCh.II-2/4

Electrical-LightingintheE/R,ControlstationsworkingroomsandsteeringgearroomAlllightsshouldbeingoodworkingorder.Protectivecoversorguardsingoodorder,notcrackedorbroken

EmergencycablesGoodConditionandingoodorder.Noexposedwiresorheavycorrosion,especiallyonweatherdecks.

EngineRoomRequirementsSOLASCh.II-1,PartDSOLASCh.II-1,PartD

LightingincludingEmergencyLightingAlllightsmustbeingoodorderwithoutanydamage.ThelightsmustfunctionfromtheemergencypowersourceThelightsshouldbemarkedasemergencylightingLightsshouldbetestedateachemergencydrill

Anti-explosionlightsindangerousspaces–suchasthebatteryroomorpaintlockers...Alllightsingoodorder.Nobrokencoversandguards.Tighteninghandleavailableonboard.

EngineRoomRequirementsSOLASCh.II-1,PartDSOLASCh.II-1,PartDTheimportanceofreportingdefectstothecompanyandportauthoritiesasrequiredReportingDefectsWhenadefectexistsitmustbereportedtothecompanybythequickestmeansavailable–telephone/email(Timedifference).Logbookentriesmustreflectthetruestateofallmachinery.Donottryandhidedefects.Thelogbookentriesmayberequiredtosupportafutureinsuranceclaim.Copiesshouldbesenttothemainofficeonrequest.AnydefectsshouldbereportedtoPortStateControlwhenboardingortoauthoritiesbeforearrivalataport.Thereport(Statementoffacts)mustcontainsufficientdetailfortheSuperintendenttoassessthedamageandreporttotheTechnicalManagerandtheOwner.Thereportshouldcontainthereasonsforthedamageandanyimmediatecorrectiveactiontakenbythevessel.Picturesshouldbetakenofanydamageandpassedtothecompany.Properdescriptionofanyspareparts,ifnotalreadyheldonboard,includingdiagramswherenecessary–SeeSBMI,section15.TheOwnerswillwanttodiscussthesituation–ifthemachineryisconsideredbeyondrepairorifareplacementisrequired,thiswillinclude–Availabilityofspareparts–OnboardorrequisitionneededExtentofnormalwearandtear–MaintenanceRecordsExtentofexpectedrepairwork–CreworshorecontractorsRunningperformance(History)includingfuelconsumptionDepreciatedvalueofthemachinery,ifapplicableAgeandrunninghours(MaintenanceHistory&Records)Otherinformationneededmayinclude–make,type,serialnumber,capacity&othertechnicaldata,dateofconstruction,dateofinstallation,dateoffirstoperationanddetailsofanymajorand/oranyrecentoverhaulorrepairs.Anydamagedpartsshouldbephotographedandpreservedonboardaspossibleevidence.Ifasurveyorneedstoattendthevesseltoinspectanydamage,hemayrequestthatthemachineryisdismantledinhispresencetoavoidlosingimportantevidence.

Ifmachineryneedstobedismantledwithoutasurveyorpresent,thenphotographicevidenceshouldbetakenbeforedismantlingandatvariousstagesthroughout.AFatalityduring‘Routine’maintenanceEngineRoomFatalAccident

TheScenario–

RoutinemaintenancejobtooverhaulM/EexhaustvalveMaintenanceTeamconsistedof–TheC/E,2/EandaFitterVesselisinashipyard,expectedtimeofstay-2days.Presenttime