海陸氣相互的作用第三講教學(xué)課件

海陸氣相互作用周順武、智海南京信息工程大學(xué)大氣科學(xué)學(xué)院熱帶太平洋海氣相互作用熱帶太平洋海洋一大氣耦合系統(tǒng)的年際變化ENSO■ENSO現(xiàn)象及研究歷史■ENSO發(fā)生時(shí)大氣海洋變化■ENSO監(jiān)測(cè)■ENSO事件的差異性■ENSO形成的早期信號(hào)ENSO對(duì)氣候的影響ENSO預(yù)測(cè)現(xiàn)狀、研究存在的主要問題研究歷史abriefhistoryPeruvianfishermen(15thcentury)periodicwarmingofSsTs(dubbedElNiniobecauseofitsappearancearoundChristmas)causedconsiderablereductionsofanchovyfisheryandseabirdpopulationsSirGilbertWalker(early20thcentury)identificationofthepressurepatternknownastheSouthernOscillation(i.e.pressuredifferencebetweenTahitiandDarwin.australia)Bjerknes(1960s):aneast-westcirculationinthePacificWalkercirculation)canexplaintheeast-westtemperaturegradientinthepacificSatelliteObservations(1960s-present):improvementsintheunderstandingofthechangesinvolvedPhilander:CaneandZebiak(1980s):theoreticaladvancesandmodelingofENSoasacoupledocean-atmospherephenomenonSuarezandSchopf:Battisti(1980s):wavemotionsinthePacificsetuptheoscillation(delayedoscillatorWalker(1923,1924)discoveredtheSouthernOscillation(SO):AseesawinSlpbetweentheWesternandeasternHemispheresWalker'sSOPresentedbyBerlage(1957):CorrelationofglobalSLPwithSLPatDjakarta,IndonesiaEasternpacificIndianWesternpacificThepatterniscenteredintheSouthernHemisphere;ThisiswhyWalkercalleditSOJ.Bjerknes(1969)namedthe"WalkerCirculation"sinceitispartofthemechanismofWalker'sSouthernOscillation(SO)計(jì)NAF93IIooWalker’sSOLowSLP「46600碩顧W60苗”520oeWarmp唱缸HG物IDSLPIndianPacificAtlanticColdWaterWateBjerknesalsorecognize