2023屆高考英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)和交際用語(yǔ)課件

習(xí)語(yǔ)與交際用語(yǔ)A：Breakalegonyourfinal!B：Thanks,Iwilldomybest.A：CanIcheckyourbag?Isuspectthatyouarecheating.B：Ofcourse.Idon’t

haveskeletoninmycloset.

A：Hernameringsabell,butIdon’trememberwherewemet.breakaleg本義“斷一條腿”。有一種說(shuō)法是，相傳淘氣的精靈(elf)會(huì)讓與愿望相反的事發(fā)生。于是人們故意說(shuō)“祝你斷一條腿”，希望借此騙過(guò)那些精靈。最早用于演出前預(yù)祝成功，現(xiàn)在使用更加廣泛，相當(dāng)于goodluck。Ringabell本義是“鳴鐘”，在大腦中有鐘聲回蕩，即表示“聽(tīng)起來(lái)耳熟，喚起記憶”。skeleton

是指骷髏,而closet是指衣柜的意思,各位不難想象,一個(gè)人把骷髏藏在自己的衣柜里做什么?一定是有不可告人的秘密。如：“burnone’sboats/bridges

”，此習(xí)語(yǔ)中的“bridges”被美國(guó)人使用，原意是指古羅馬朱力斯·凱撒大軍船越過(guò)Rubicon后就把船燒了，以此來(lái)告訴士兵后路已斷，只有前進(jìn)，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的破釜沉舟,背水一戰(zhàn)一、源于歷史故事或歷史事件英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的來(lái)源英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)可以分為俗語(yǔ)（colloquialisms），諺語(yǔ)（proverbs），俚語(yǔ)（slang），典故（allusions），和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（phrasalverbs）等Eg：Iknowthisisgoingtomakeusveryunpopularwiththevoters,butwehavenochoice.Thereisnootherwaytopayforeverythingexcepttoraiseincometaxes.We'lljusthavetobitethebullet.bitethebullet這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和打仗有關(guān)。據(jù)說(shuō)過(guò)去戰(zhàn)時(shí)治療傷員的時(shí)候沒(méi)有麻藥，只好讓他們咬著子彈，而且這個(gè)子彈還必須是鉛作的。為什么一定是鉛作的呢？鉛比較軟，傷員的牙齒不會(huì)受傷。如果是堅(jiān)硬的其他金屬，傷員的牙齒就可能被咬碎呀。意思是咬緊牙關(guān)忍受痛苦，或是硬著頭皮做不愉快的事情二、源于《圣經(jīng)》，神話、寓言故事及其他文學(xué)作品，如莎士比亞anappleofdiscord:appleofone'seyeseethehandwritingonthewallaneyforaneye,atoothforatoothAchilles'heel

HelenofTroyTheTrojanHorseGreekgift(s)anysubjectofdisagreementandcontention;therootofthetrouble;disputetheweakestspot(致命的弱點(diǎn))abeautifulgirlorwoman;abeautywhoruinshercountry;aterribledisasterbroughtbysborsthyoulkebest(紅顏禍水等）thehiddendanger;theconvertwreckers(暗藏的危險(xiǎn)；奸細(xì)）agiftwithsomeevilpurposesoftheenemy;onegivenwithintentiontoharm(陰謀害人的禮物；黃鼠狼拜年-不安好心）

“killthegoosetogettheeggs”源于希臘寓言,說(shuō)的是有一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)下人,因?yàn)榘l(fā)財(cái)心切殺了自己飼養(yǎng)的那只能下金蛋的鵝,以為如此就可一次獲得全部想像中的金塊,但其結(jié)果一無(wú)所獲?，F(xiàn)比喻貪圖眼前利益,沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算。

“afeatherinyourcap”漢譯為“值得榮耀的事、榮譽(yù)”,源于廣泛流行于亞洲和美洲印第安人中的一種風(fēng)俗:每殺死一個(gè)敵人就在頭部或帽子上插一根毛,以此來(lái)顯示戰(zhàn)績(jī)與榮譽(yù)。三、源于民間風(fēng)俗

1.—Oh,myGod!What'swrongwithyou?—Iwasgoingthenormalspeedlimitwhenatruckappearedinfrontofme__andIdidn'thavetimetostop.A.betweenthelines B.aroundtheclockC.outoftheblue D.overthemoonPractice：

feelblueblueandblack

onceinabluemoonblueblood2.—Youknowwhat?OurbossinvitedmetotheawardsceremonynextSunday.—Really?Youarea_______.A.blue-eyedboy B.blacksheep C.whiteelephant D.yellowdogyellowbeaweedbecaughtred-handedinredseeredaredletterdayintheblackblacksheepcallwhiteblacktickledpinkinthepinkgreenfingersgreenhandgreenwithenvywhiteasasheetwhiteliewhiteelephantIhavebeenverycarefulaboutspendingmoneylately,sonowmyaccountis_______.A.tickledpink B.inthered C.intheblack D.greenwithenvyI’m_______tohearthatBobhasaskedMarytomarryhim.I’vealwaysthoughttheyweremadeforeachother.A.greenwithenvy B.whiteasasheet C.blackandblue D.tickledpink.—Whydoesheweararaincoatonsunnydays?—NordoIunderstand.Heis_______.A.awetblanket B.alazybone C.ablacksheep D.anoddfish—Mum,we’vesearchedatleast5stores,butstillcannotfindonethatsuitsmytaste.—Bepatient,dear._________.A.Thebestfishswimnearthebottom. B.One’smeatisanotherman’spoison.C.Abadworkmanalwaysblameshistool. D.Thelionisnotsofierceasheispainted.coldfishfishintroubledwaterfishintheairhavebigger/otherfishtofrythereareplentymorefishintheseabeabigfishinasmallpondteachfishtoswim用來(lái)形容態(tài)度冷冰冰的人；冷漠的人渾水摸魚(yú)緣木求魚(yú)有更重要的事情要做天涯何處無(wú)芳草小地方的大人物班門(mén)弄斧thetopdogeverydoghasitsdaywakeasleepingdogasstrongasahorseasstubbornasamuleasbusyasabeeaspoorasachurchmouseasslyasafoxAfoxmaygrowgray,butnevergoodAleopardcna'tchangeitsspotsashungryasalionkillthefattedcalf

Daniel?in?the?lion’s?deneatlikeabird．havebutterfliesinyourstomachhaveantsinone'spantwarmasnakeinone’sbosomadarkhorsecrywolfasnakeinthegrassdon'tcountyourchickensuntiltheyarehatchedabirdinhandisworthtwointhebushgetonyourhighhorseputthecartbeforethehorseWhen?the?cats?are?away?the?mice?will?play—Thisisapreciousopportunityforusandourcompany.—You’reright.We’rehopingthisisalong-termopportunity,andnotjust_______.A.adropintheocean B.abigfishinasmallpondC.astorminateacup D.aflashinthepan—Mom,I’dreallyliketogotothebeachtoday.—I’mafraidyoucan’t.You’dbetter_______andstayhometoprepareforyourexams.A.jumpthegun B.bitethebullet C.breaktheice D.hitthespotJumpthegun：在正式鳴槍之前就先跑了。在在日常生活中老美用這個(gè)詞表示太早行動(dòng)（starttooearly)‘在時(shí)機(jī)尚未成熟之前，倉(cāng)促行動(dòng)。Hitthespotmeanstosatisfyone'sneedthepotcallsthekettleblackcallaspadeaspademisstheboatburnthemidnightoilonpaper五十步笑百步直言不諱speakfranklyanddirectly錯(cuò)過(guò)寶貴的機(jī)會(huì)熬夜工理論上intheory—Ihavebeenconsideringcancellingtheprojectbecauseitseemshardtogofarther.—Butit’stooearlyto___now.There’sstillmuchhope.A.pickupthepieces B.throwinthetowelC.gothroughyourpaces D.jumpdownyourthroat根據(jù)西洋拳賽慣例，拳手每打完為時(shí)三分鐘的一個(gè)回合，都可以休息一分鐘，用海綿或者毛巾擦去身上汗水準(zhǔn)備再戰(zhàn)。假如拳手眼看要給對(duì)方擊倒了，那么，他的教練或者副手可以把他擦身用的海綿或者毛巾扔進(jìn)拳擊場(chǎng)里，表示自己這一方認(rèn)輸了，拳手不會(huì)擦身再戰(zhàn)了，請(qǐng)裁判停止比賽。所以，throwinthesponge/towel現(xiàn)在往往引伸為“認(rèn)輸”、“放棄”的意思。jumpdownthethroat

跳進(jìn)某人的嗓子里。這個(gè)詞組的意思是突然對(duì)某人發(fā)飆。Thoughourfootballboysarefacedwithfourgoalsbehind,theyarestillstrugglinghardinthefieldto_______.A.facethemusic B.savefaceC.costtheirarmandleg D.landontheirfeetTheSpanishNationalFootballTeamissuchasuperbonethattheycan_______.A.gettheirhandsdirtyB.havetheirhandsfullC.laytheirhandsonusD.beatushandsdowngetyour?handsdirty：

做體力工作；體力勞動(dòng):自己動(dòng)手、親力親為haveone'shandsfull，直接翻譯的意思是“兩只手都滿了”，可以引申為“忙得不可開(kāi)交”、“騰不出手來(lái)”或者“有很多事情要做”。get/lay/putyourhandsonsb:找到，抓到某人handsdown輕而易舉地，不費(fèi)吹灰之力地allearsbeallthumbspullonesleggivesbthecoldshoulderlaughoffone'sheadoffoffthetopofone'sheadanarmandalegonone'slastlegsseeeyetoeyejustice?has?long?armkeepone'sfeetonthegroundgetcoldfeetletyourhairdownbitone'stonguebeatone'sbrainoutraise(one's)eyebrows—Whatdoyouthinkofyourpreparationsforthefinalexams?—Notsogood.ActuallyIfeellike_______forI’vemadelittleprogressinMaths.A.Danielinthelion’sden B.Achilles’heelC.agoodSamaritan D.asacredcowScroogeJonahaHerculeantaskagoodSamaritanDavidandGoliathJekyllandHydeTo?rob?Peter?to?pay?Paul---acharacterwhoisextremelymean.（吝嗇鬼）帶來(lái)不幸的人極為艱巨的工作心地善良，樂(lè)于助人的人以弱勝?gòu)?qiáng)雙重人格者，兩面派拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻1AlthoughMr.Jenkinswantedtobuyanewcomputerasquicklyaspossible,hedecidedto_______toseewherehecouldfindthebestdeal.A.sinkorswimB.pushyourluckC.burnthemidnightoilD.shoparound2—IthinkitwasJasonwhostolemydocument.—_____!Iknowhim.He’llnotdothatsortofthing.A.Allears B.I’mbroke C.Fatchance D.It’sallGreektome3-----Iwasinformedthatyouwonthelottery?—Areyoukidding?MaybeIwillwinalotterywhen___.A.youcryforthemoon B.pigsflyC.allgoodthingscometoanend D.yougetanewleaseonlife1AlthoughMr.Jenkinswantedtobuyanewcomputerasquicklyaspossible,hedecidedto_______toseewherehecouldfindthebestdeal.A.sinkorswimB.pushyourluckC.burnthemidnightoilD.shoparoundsinkorswim：自力更生，成敗全靠自己pushone'sluck這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的意思就是，有點(diǎn)兒運(yùn)氣就得寸進(jìn)尺，貪心不足shoparound:逐店選購(gòu)(指比較價(jià)格貴賤、質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)劣)Thepricesarevariablesoshoparoundbyallmeans.到處尋找(某物或某人)I’mshoppingaroundforanapartmentformyfriendEg：Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexam,butdon'tpushyourluckthistime.It'smuchmoredifficult2—IthinkitwasJasonwhostolemydocument.—_______!Iknowhim.He’llnotdothatsortofthing.A.Allears B.I’mbroke C.Fatchance D.It’sallGreektomefatchance:機(jī)會(huì)很少；某件事發(fā)生的可能性極小=slimchanceThiscontractiswritteninsuchcomplicatedlanguagethatit’sallGreektome.一竅不通;對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)，就是天書(shū)I’mbroke:我破產(chǎn)了

3-----Iwasinformedthatyouwonthelottery?—Areyoukidding?MaybeIwillwinalotterywhen_____.A.youcryforthemoon B.pigsflyC.allgoodthingscometoanend D.yougetanewleaseonlife

pigsfly'就表示不切實(shí)際，不可能發(fā)生的事，或者字面意思和實(shí)際意思相差甚遠(yuǎn)lease本身是租約，租契；那么anewleaseoflife即“新的生命力”“生機(jī)”,可以用來(lái)形容人和物。haveanewleaseoflife=getanewleaseoflife有新的生命力，獲得生機(jī)givesth.anewleaseoflife=breathenewlifeintosth.給...以新的生命力，給...賦予生機(jī)4—Ikeeponmeetingwithdifficultiesintheexperiment.Icanhardlygoon.—Wheretherearedifficulties,therearewaystogetoverthem._______.A.Suityourself. B.GoodforyouC.Pullyourselftogether! D.What’sthedeal?5—ThisweekIgotfired,hurtmyleg,andhadmywalletstolen.—_______.A.DoastheRomansdoB.Don’tcryforthemoonC.It’sabedofrosesD.Itneverrainsbutitpours4—Ikeeponmeetingwithdifficultiesintheexperiment.Icanhardlygoon.—Wheretherearedifficulties,therearewaystogetoverthem._______.A.Suityourself. B.GoodforyouC.Pullyourselftogether! D.What’sthedeal?pulloneselftogether：getcontrolofoneself；getintoamoodofpreparedness振作起來(lái)；做好…的思想準(zhǔn)備What'sthedeal=What'sthematter/What'supWhat'sthebigdealWhatagooddeal!有什么大不了的真便宜goodforyou一般對(duì)應(yīng)三層意1.Congratulations祝賀你!I'veheardalotaboutyou,yougotmarried,right?Goodforyou

2.真為你高興Goodforyou，youfinallypassedyourtest.你通3.Youdeserveit這是你應(yīng)得的.Goodforyou，youdeserveitasmuchasanyone.

還有2層比較負(fù)面的意思：1.對(duì)對(duì)方的發(fā)言表示反諷Youwannateachmealesson，really？goodforyou.2.對(duì)對(duì)方的發(fā)言表示敷衍

5—ThisweekIgotfired,hurtmyleg,andhadmywalletstolen.—_______.A.DoastheRomansdoB.Don’tcryforthemoonC.It’sabedofrosesD.Itneverrainsbutitpoursitneverrainsbutitpours:禍不單行bedofroses指的是舒適、安逸的狀態(tài)，表示事事順心，相反用法就是notabedofroses，用來(lái)形容事情不盡如人意、不完全稱(chēng)心，也可以說(shuō)notallroses。交際用語(yǔ)交際最基本的要求是：委婉、有禮、得體、連貫、符合文化習(xí)慣。在答題時(shí),不少考生犯的錯(cuò)誤主要有下面四點(diǎn):1、受母語(yǔ)思維干擾，錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)用漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)。---Sorry,Icouldn’tcometotheparty.Iwassickthatday---_____.

A.Idon’tknowthatB.That’sallrightC.Yes,we’llhaveanotherpartyD.No,thepartywasn’theldB--Thankyoueversomuchforthepresentyoubroughtme.---___.A.No,thanksB.I’mgladyoulikeitC.Pleasedon’tsaysoD.No,it’snotsogoodB---Hello.MayIspeaktoBill,please?---___.A.BillspeakingB.I’mBillC.YouarespeakingtoBillD.I’mspeaking.A—Wouldyoumindmycomingoverandhavingalookatyournewgarden?Mylittleson’scuriousaboutthoserosesyougrow.—_____________.You’rewelcome.A.Yes,Ido B.Nevermind C.Yes,please D.NotatallD---You’vegivenusaWonderfulEnglishdinner,Mrs.Smith.---___.A.Oh,I’mafraidIdidn’tcookveryB.I’mgladyouenjoyeditwellC.ComeagainwhenyouarefreeD.It’snotnecessaryforyoutosaysoB—HowdidyoufindyourvisittoQingdao,Joanna?—_________A.Oh,wonderfulindeed

B.Iwentthealone

C.Firstbytrainandthenbyship

D.AguideshowedmethewayAHowdoyoufindsth.?Whatdoyouthinkof….?Howdoyoulike..?2、把握不住英語(yǔ)中問(wèn)答的固定搭配習(xí)慣，答非所問(wèn).—_______.—Thankyou.Icertainlywill.A.Haveaniceweekend B.PleaseremembermetoyourparentsC.Don’tforgettopostthelettersD.LetmehelpyouBA—Sorrytohavebrokenyourglass.—_______.Youdidn’tmeanto,didyou?A.Forgetit B.Noproblem

C.Allright D.Don’tsaysoremembermetosbsendmyregards/bestwishestosb--May?I?take?a?week's?holiday??I'd?like?to?see?my?niece?in?London.?--?Forget?it休想，不可能---“couldweputoffthemeeting?”sheasked--“________,”heansweredpolitely.“ThisistheonlydayeveryoneisavailableANotlikelyBNotreallyCNotnearlyDNotexactly3、對(duì)英語(yǔ)中形近詞把握不準(zhǔn)Bnotreally:usedtosay“no”or“not”inalessstrongway不，不是（表示不太強(qiáng)烈的否定）notexactly:usedasareplytoshowthatwhatsomeonehassaidisnotcompletelycorrectortrue不完全如此---YouhateLee,don’tyou?--Notexactly.Ijustthinkhe’sabitannoying,that’sall.-I’msosorryforsteppingonyourfoot.---________________.AThat'srightBAllrightCThat'sallrightDI'mallrightc

That'sallright:沒(méi)關(guān)系，不介意-----sorry

不用謝-----thankyou----Ithinkyouwonthegame---That'sright

-Let's?go?to?the?zoo.???-All?right?-How?is?your?mother??--She's?all?right,?thank?you.

I?hope?everything?is?all?right對(duì)的，正確(=OK).用在系動(dòng)詞be(am,?is,?are)之后，表示健康狀況，意思是“健康狀況良好”，相當(dāng)于“fine”或“well”。表示“一切順利，令人滿意”—GoingtowatchtheWomen’sVolleyballMatchonWednesday?—_______!Willyougowithme?A.IbetB.Youbet C.Yougotmethere D.YouknowbetterB我敢肯定，我相信A.—That’sthethirdtimeyou’vedonethat!—Yeah,_______?A.whatofit B.what’son C.whatif D.whatforwhatofit相當(dāng)于sowhat---Tina，I'mgonnagetmarriedthismonth.Canyoubemybraidsmaid?---____________-!It'sallofasudden.A.Youcansaythatagain B.Anythingyoucansay C.Youdon'tsay. D.Yousaidit.anything/whateveryousay:隨便你，由你吧（尤指說(shuō)話人因不想引起爭(zhēng)執(zhí)而接受某人觀點(diǎn)）C.—Couldyoudomeafavorandtakethesebookstomyoffice?—Yes,________.A.withpleasureB.it'sapleasure C.mypleasureD.forpleasureAWithpleasure.意為＂非常樂(lè)意＂，當(dāng)別人請(qǐng)自己幫忙時(shí)，自己爽快的接受（伴隨著快樂(lè)）。Apleasure.=Mypleasure=It’sapleasure.意為＂不用謝＂，當(dāng)別人表示感謝時(shí)用它來(lái)回答Don'tmentionitthinknothingofit/Itwasnothing別放在心上，沒(méi)什么

－Doyouthinkourbasketballteamplayedverywellyesterday?－____________.A.theywerenotnervousatall.B.TheywerestillyoungC.Theyplayednaturally.D.Theycouldn’thavedonebetter

4、弄不清題干語(yǔ)境，錯(cuò)誤理解對(duì)話人意圖.D

---Mychildrenarealwaysarguing.---___A.Justleavethemalone.B.That’sright.C.Areyousure?D.Howoldaretheboys?A—Iwillpickyouupat7o’clocktomorrowmorning.Isthatallright?—_______.Seeyouthen.A.I’dloveto. B.That’ssettled. C.It’suptoyou D.Mypleasure—Toonoisyoutside!Ijustcan’tfocusonmystudy.—_______.Let’sgooutsideandplaysoccerinstead.A.Idon’tthinkso B.Samehere C.Pleasebemorepatient D.Don’tpushmetoohardBBPracticemakesperfect1—Tom,youarecaughtlate