山西省長(zhǎng)治市谷村中學(xué)2021年高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試題含解析

山西省長(zhǎng)治市谷村中學(xué)2021年高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.______taketheplane,theexpertdecidedtotakethetraintoJinan.A.Morethan

B.Ratherthan

C.Otherthan

D.Lessthan參考答案：B2.I’dliketobuyahouse—modern,comfortableand

inaquietneighborhood.A.inall

B.aboveall

C.afterall

D.atall參考答案：B3.Ifyou

spitatall,pleasespitinthebucket(痰孟里)providedA.must

B.shall

C.should

D.may參考答案：A4.OurEnglishteacher_____Londoninafewdays.Iwonderwhenearliestplane_____onSaturday.

A.leaves;takesoff

B.isleaving;takesoffC.isleaving;istakingof

D.willleave;istakingoff參考答案：B5._____yougoorstayathomewon’tmakeanydifference.

A.Whether

B.If

C.When

D.That參考答案：A略34.Whilelisteningcarefully,

thestudents＿＿＿whattheirteachersaid.A.setdownB.turneddownC.gotdownD.calmeddown參考答案：A略7.Thephotos________me________whatwedidtogetherduringourholidays.A．say;about

B．remind;of

C．tell;with

D．remind;/參考答案：B8.Theclothfeels

,butitwashes

.A.soft;well

B.softly;good

C.softly;well

D.soft;good參考答案：A9.Thepricesofallthegoods_________upandnooneknowswhentheywillbecomestableA.hadgone

B.havebeengoing

C.havegone

D.hadbeengoing參考答案：B10.________manychangeshave_______,weshouldkeeppacewiththechangestoo.A.Since;takentheplace

B.Because;takenplace

C.Nowthat;takenplace D.As;beentakenplace參考答案：C11.Mikeworksfarawayfromhomeandheisalways____hisparents.

A.concerned

B.concernedabout

C.concerns

D.concernedwith參考答案：B12.—Whendoyouthinkthelecturewillbegin?

—I’mnotsureyet,butthespeakeris________tobeherebeforenine.

A.possible

B.probable

C.likely

D.perhaps參考答案：C略13.MyinterestinsurfingontheInternethas________mostofmysparetime,butithasrepaidmeagreatdealofenjoyment.A.takenoff

B.takendownC.takenup

D.takenaway參考答案：Ctakeup“占據(jù)(空間、時(shí)間)”，符合句意。14.Thereisnodoubt_______myfriendisnotsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone.A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.why參考答案：A15.Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbut______supportit.A.anymore

B.manymore

C.muchmore

D.nomore參考答案：B16.Theteachersetsuchdifficultproblems______nobodycouldworkout_____noneofuspassedthetest.A.as;that

B.that;as C./;that

D.as;as參考答案：A二、完型填空17.TherearethousandsofpeopleacrosstheUnitedStateswithoutanyfoodorshelter(住所).EverySaturdayorSundaynight,myfamilyandIgooutand___21___thehomelesspeopleinthecity.Thereisone___22___thingIliketomentionhere.Beforewebeginour___23___,myfamilyandIdonoteat.Wedothis___24___weknowhowitfeelstobehungry.Weallgettogetherinthekitchenand___25___thefood.Wethen___26___thefoodfor30ormorepeople.Iliketowriteaspecial___27___onthebagslike“Godlovesyou”.Alotofpeople___28___homelesspeople.Notallhomelesspeoplearebadpeople.Somearereally___29___.Manypeoplehatethemfornogoodreason.Inthebeginning,whenmyfamilyandIwentoutonthestreet,wehadtoearn(贏得)their_____30_____.Later,asthey_____31_____useveryweek,theystartedtotrustus.We_____32_____knowsomeoftheirnames.Weallhavetokeepinmindthattheyalsohave_____33_____.Someofthemshakeourhandsforgivingthemfood,and_____34_____us.Someofthemdoreallyfunnydancesbecausetheyare_____35_____.Wehavebecomereally_____36_____toamannamedTonyandhiswife.Aftermeetingwiththemseveraltimes,hehastoldusalotabouthis_____37_____.Hegraduated_____38_____collegeandhasaPHD.HeusedtoteachFrenchandSpanish.Afterwefeedthehomeless,itmakesmeappreciate_____39_____Ihaveathome.Sometimesitmakesmesad,andmakesmymomcry.Ilovefeedingthehomeless,andmakinga_____40_____insomeone’slife.21.A.visit

B.introduce

C.save

D.feed22.A.hopeful

B.exciting

C.special

D.cruel23.A.show

B.journey

C.vacation

D.meal24.A.so

B.when

C.if

D.because25.A.design

B.prepare

C.buy

D.give26.A.bag

B.cook

C.fetch

D.find27.A.passage

B.saying

C.note

D.article28.A.please

B.help

C.love

D.misunderstand29.A.helpful

B.nice

C.funny

D.beautiful30.A.trust

B.trouble

C.disadvantage

D.suffering31.A.served

B.told

C.saw

D.heeded32.A.hardly

B.never

C.sometimes

D.even33.A.words

B.looks

C.opinions

D.feelings34.A.change

B.thank

C.express

D.dislike35.A.happy

B.great

C.surprised

D.angry36.A.low

B.high

C.far

D.close37.A.dream

B.future

C.life

D.friend38.A.from

B.in

C.for

D.at39.A.how

B.what

C.that

D.which40.A.rule

B.profit

C.difference

D.decision參考答案：21.D

22.C

23.B

24.A

25.B

26.A

27.C

28.D

29.B

30.A

31.C

32.D

33.D

34.B

35.A

36.D

37.C

38.A

39.B

40.C這是一篇記敘文。在美國(guó)有成千上萬(wàn)的人無家可歸，流浪街頭，作者及家人每個(gè)周末都堅(jiān)持到街上給流浪者分發(fā)食物。出門前，作者及家人都不進(jìn)食。慢慢地，那些流浪者開始信任作者一家人。作者向流浪者分完食物后，都會(huì)感激自己所擁有的一切?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.visit拜訪；B.introduce介紹；C.save救，節(jié)??；D.feed喂（養(yǎng)）。根據(jù)第四段Afterwefeedthehomeless,﹍可知，此處填feed。句意：每周六或周日的晚上，我們?nèi)叶紩?huì)出門給無家可歸的人提供食物。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.hopeful有希望的；B.exciting令人興奮的；C.special特別的；D.cruel殘酷的。從下一句話可知，此處作者要提一件特別的事情：出去分發(fā)食物之前，全家都不吃飯。句意：有一件特別的事情我想說一下。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.show展示；B.journey行程；C.vacation假期；D.meal一餐。句意：上街分發(fā)食物的行程之前，我們?nèi)叶疾怀燥?。根?jù)上文可知是分發(fā)食物的行程，A、C和D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，都排除，故選B。【24題詳解】考查連詞辨析。A.so因此；B.when當(dāng)﹍時(shí)；C.if如果；D.because因?yàn)椤＞湟猓何覀冞@么做，因此我們能知道饑餓的感覺。選項(xiàng)B、C、D均不符合文意，都排除，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.design設(shè)計(jì)；B.prepare準(zhǔn)備；C.buy購(gòu)買；D.give給予。句意：我們?cè)趶N房集合，準(zhǔn)備食物。此處作者及家人自己為無家可歸的人準(zhǔn)備食物，不是購(gòu)買、設(shè)計(jì)，也不是給予，選項(xiàng)A、C和D均不符合文意，故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.bag打包；B.cook烹飪；C.fetch取，拿；D.find發(fā)現(xiàn)。句意：然后我們把食物打包成三十多份。根據(jù)下一句話Iliketowriteaspecialnoteonthebagslike“Godlovesyou”.可知，作者喜歡在袋子上留一個(gè)便條。故可知此處作者及家人把食物打包，故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.passage文章，通道；B.saying諺語(yǔ)；C.note便條；D.article文章。句意：我喜歡在袋子上寫個(gè)諸如“上帝愛你”的便條。其它選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，利用排除法排除，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.please取悅；B.help幫；C.love愛；D.misunderstand誤解。句意：許多人對(duì)流浪者存在誤解。下一句話Notallhomelesspeoplearebadpeople（不是所有的無家可歸的人都是壞人），可知許多人對(duì)無家可歸的人有誤解，所以此處選misunderstand，故選D?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.helpful樂于幫助的，有益的；B.nice很好的；C.funny有趣的；D.beautiful美麗的。句意：一些人真的很好。根據(jù)上一句話Notallhomelesspeoplearebadpeople（不是所有的無家可歸的人都是壞人），可知有些無家可歸的人很好，故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.trust信任；B.trouble麻煩；C.disadvantage缺點(diǎn)，不利條件；D.suffering受難，苦楚。根據(jù)下文theystartedtotrustus可知，一開始我們要取得他們的信任。句意：起初，當(dāng)我和家人上街分發(fā)食物的時(shí)候還需要贏得那些流浪者的信任。故選A。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.served為﹍服務(wù)；B.told告訴；C.saw看見；D.heeded注意，留心。句意：后來，由于每周他們都能看見我們，也就開始信任我們了。選項(xiàng)A、B、D均不符合文意，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.hardly幾乎不；B.never從不；C.sometimes有時(shí)；D.even甚至。句意：我們甚至還知道了他們中一些人的名字。我們不僅取得了他們的信任，而且還知道了他們中一些人的名字，這是在信任的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展，所以用even，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.words語(yǔ)言，單詞；B.looks樣子；C.opinions觀點(diǎn)；D.feelings感情。從下一句可知，流浪者會(huì)握住我們的手表達(dá)感謝，他們也是有感情的。句意：我們所有的人必須記住他們也是有感情的。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.change改變；B.thank謝謝；C.express表達(dá)；D.dislike不喜歡。作者及家人給流浪者分發(fā)食物，他們向作者的家人握手表示感謝。句意：有些流浪者會(huì)握住我們的手，感謝我們提供食物。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.happy高興的；B.great偉大的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.angry生氣的。有些流浪者跳舞是因?yàn)樽髡呒凹胰私o他們分發(fā)食物他們很開心。句意：有些流浪者會(huì)跳很有趣的舞蹈，因?yàn)樗麄兒荛_心。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.low低的，矮的；B.high高的；C.far較遠(yuǎn)的；D.close親密的。從下文可知，Tony給作者及家人說了很多他的事情，可知作者及家人與Tony走的很親近。句意：我們與Tony和他的妻子走的很親近。故選D。【37題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.dream夢(mèng)想；B.future將來；C.life生活，人生；D.friend朋友。從下文可知，Tony大學(xué)畢業(yè)，曾經(jīng)教法語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)，這些都是Tony的生活與人生。句意：見了幾次面以后，Tony給我們講述了他的人生。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查介詞辯詞。graduatefrom從﹍畢業(yè)，為固定搭配。句意：Tony大學(xué)畢業(yè)，有博士學(xué)位。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查連詞辨析。句意：向流浪者分發(fā)完食物以后，我會(huì)感激我所擁有的一切。what“所﹍的”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做have的賓語(yǔ)，故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.rule規(guī)章；B.profit利潤(rùn)；C.difference不同；D.decision決定。makeadifference有影響，起作用，為固定搭配。句意：我喜歡向流浪者食物，喜歡給別人的生活帶來一些不同。故選C。三、閱讀理解18.BlackholeswerefirstputforwardbyAlbertEinsteinin1916.However,scientistshadnotprovedtheirdirectly.ThatchangedonApril10,2019,withthereleaseofthefirstphotoofablackholeinthecenterofthegalaxy(星系)M87,located55millionlightyearsfromEarth.Thephotodoesnotshowtheblackholeitself.That'sbecausetheyareblackandsotheycan'tbeseeninspace.thescientistsusedradiosignalstocapture(拍攝)theblackhole's"shadow"—thebrightringthatformsarounditsedge,whenlightbendsbecauseoftheextremegravityaroundthehole.TheM87blackhole,believedtohaveamass6.5billiontimesthatofoursun,wascapturedusingtheEventHorizonTelescope(EHT)—anetworkofeightpowerfultelescopes(望遠(yuǎn)鏡.)Thetelescopes，locatedinHawaii,Arizona,Chile,Mexico,SpainandAntarctica,separatelycapturedtheblackholl'sradiosignalsoverfournightsinApril2017,whentheweatherwasfineinallsixplaces.Thedatawastranspcriedtoacentrewhereitwasdealtwithbyasupercomputertoformthephotooftheblackhole'sshadow.Theresearcherssaywhilethephotoisslightlyblurry,futurephotoswillbeclearerasmoretelescopesareaddedtotheEHT.Black'holesarenoteasytocaptureoncamerabecause

theyaresurroundedbythickdustyandhotgases.Blackholesareareasinspacewherethepullingstrengthofgravityissopowerfulthatevenlightisunabletoescape.Theycanbedifferentwidelyinsizeandmass.Thesmallest,

called"primordial"blackholesareassmallasasingleatombutwithamassofabigmountain."Stellar''blackholes,whicharethemostcommon,haveadiameter(直徑)ofabout10milesandamass20timesthatofoursun.Thelargestor“supermassive''blackholes,similartothatofM87's,canhaveamass.greaterthanmillions,orevenbillionsofsunscombined.29.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.Einstein'spredicticnaboutblackholesisright.B.Einsteincapturedtheblackholeacenturyago.C.Scientistshaven'tprovedblackholes'presence.D.Theblackholehasbeenknownforcenturies.30.Whatdidthescientistsusetocapturetheblackhole's"shadow"?A.Moonlight. B.Naturallight. C.Radiosignals. D.Soundwaves.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blurry”inthethirdparagraphprobablymean?A.Notbig. B.Notclear. C.Notnew. D.Notattractive.32.WhatcanweknowabouttheM87blackhole?A.Itisalmostempty. B.Itisthesmallestone. C.Itisverybright. D.Itisverylarge.參考答案：29.A

30.C

31.B

32.D【分析】本文為說明文。日前，美國(guó)科學(xué)家公布了人類拍攝的第一張黑洞的照片，這張照片直接證實(shí)了愛因斯坦關(guān)于黑洞預(yù)言的準(zhǔn)確性?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“BlackholeswerefirstputforwardbyAlbertEinsteinin1916.However,scientistshadnotprovedtheirdirectly.ThatchangedonApril10,2019,withthereleaseofthefirstphotoofablackholeinthecenterofthegalaxy(星系)M87,located55millionlightyearsfromEarth.”黑洞是愛因斯坦于1916年首次提出的?？茖W(xué)家當(dāng)時(shí)只是還能直接證明。在2019年4月10日有了銀河系中心的一個(gè)黑洞（M87）第一張照片，距離地球5500萬(wàn)光年。可以判斷，第一張黑洞照片的公布證實(shí)了愛因斯坦關(guān)于黑洞預(yù)言的正確性。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“thescientistsusedradiosignalstocapture(拍攝)theblackhole's"shadow"可知，科學(xué)家使用無線電信號(hào)來拍攝黑洞的“陰影”。故選C?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的轉(zhuǎn)換連詞“while”可知，前后兩句意思是相反的。根據(jù)后一句“futurephotoswillbeclearerasmoretelescopesareaddedtotheEHT”未來的照片將會(huì)更清晰，可知，與之相反的是“不清晰的”。結(jié)合后面的“Black'holesarenoteasytocaptureoncamerabecause

theyaresurroundedbythickdustyandhotgases”可知黑洞不容易被攝像機(jī)捕捉到，因?yàn)樗鼈儽缓窈竦膲m埃和熱氣體包圍著。由此可判斷，blurry是“不清晰的”即“模糊不清的”意思。分析選項(xiàng)可知B符合題意，故選B。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thelargestor‘supermassive’blackholes,similartothatofM87’s”可知，M87黑洞屬于超大型黑洞。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)考查猜測(cè)詞義題。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。運(yùn)用邏輯推理猜測(cè)詞義是使用最廣考查最多也最易失分的猜詞方式，這要求考生具備整合分散、復(fù)雜信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各種已知信息）并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境推測(cè)、判斷某些詞或短語(yǔ)的詞義。例如第3小題屬于詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前的轉(zhuǎn)換連詞“while”可知，前后兩句意思是相反的。根據(jù)后一句“futurephotoswillbeclearerasmoretelescopesareaddedtotheEHT”未來的照片將會(huì)更清晰，可知，與之相反的是“不清晰“。結(jié)合后面的“Black'holesarenoteasytocaptureoncamerabecause

theyaresurroundedbythickdustyandhotgases”可知黑洞不容易被攝像機(jī)捕捉到，因?yàn)樗鼈儽缓窈竦膲m埃和熱氣體包圍著。由此可判斷，blurry是“不清晰的”即“模糊不清的”意思。分析選項(xiàng)可知B符合題意，故選B。19.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。It’snevertoolatetorightyourwrongs,bigorsmall.WorkingashardasIhadbeenovertheyears,Ihadbecomedisconnectedfrom（失去聯(lián)系的）thepeoplewhomatteredmosttome.Idecidedtospendayearreconnectingwithmyfriendsandsandmakingamends(補(bǔ)償).IdevotedmyselftocaringforwhatIcalled“myunfinishedbusiness”,whichhashelpedmebecomeamoreattentivehusband,father,sonandfriend—andahappier,moreenergeticperson.NowthatI’vehadagoodopportunitytorevisitmypastmistakes—andexperiencetherewardsoffixingthem—I’dliketosharesomeofthelessonsIhavelearned:Haveyoulosttouchwithpeoplewhowereimportanttoyou?Aretherethingsyou’vedoneornotdonethatareinfrontofyou?Aretherepeopleinyourlifeyoudon’tknowhowmuchtheymeanttoyou?Listyourunfinishedbusinessandtakeactiontodealwithit.Insteadoftryingtoputanendtothecoldwardividingyourfamily,beginwithasmallthingyoucancontrol.ApologizetoyourbrotherfornotattendinghisSuperBowlparty.Respondtoane-mailyoushouldhaveansweredaweekago.Writeanoteormakeacall.Noma