中考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式課件

動(dòng)詞不定式

動(dòng)詞不定式

動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形“,有時(shí)可以不帶to.動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。1.用作主語(yǔ)Tobeanactorismydream.2.Togoabroadishisdream.3.Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.(這時(shí)可將其用形式主語(yǔ)it來(lái)替換)→Itismydreamtobeanactor.→Itishisdreamtogoabroad.→Itiseasytosay,itisdifficulttodo.注意不定式作主語(yǔ)，整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)看成一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。不定式作主語(yǔ)，為了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，todo結(jié)構(gòu)放句末做真正主語(yǔ)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+形容詞+（for/ofsb)+todosth.It+be+形容詞+forsb+todosth.

若形容詞是描述事物的性質(zhì)，用forsb.這類形容詞有：difficult,easy,important,dangerous,possible等。例：對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，完成這項(xiàng)工作很困難。Itisdifficultforustofinishthework.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)英語(yǔ)很簡(jiǎn)單。It+be+形容詞+ofsb+todosth.若形容詞是描述人的性格品質(zhì)的，用ofsb.這類形容詞有：kind,nice,good,clever,careless,polite等。例：你真聰明，計(jì)算出這道數(shù)學(xué)題。Itiscleverofyoutoworkoutthemathproblem.你幫我真是太好了。鏈接中考（2015，石家莊裕華區(qū)一模）Ithinkitdifficult___acarinthestreet.AdrivesBdrivingCtodriveDdrive（2015，丹東）Itisdifficultforme___theworkinsuchashorttime.AfinishBfinishingCfinishedDtofinish2.用作表語(yǔ)Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.Herjobistolookafterthekids.Mywishistobeascientist.3.用作賓語(yǔ)(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.needtodo learntodo agreetodoplantododecidetodo refusetodobegintodostarttodo trytodoforgettodoremembertodoliketodoStoptodo鏈接中考（2014，河北）Don‘tforget___thankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.AacceptBtoacceptCsayDtosay解析：考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)的用法。Forgettodosth忘記要做某事鏈接中考(2013,河北）Thechildrendecide___thisschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.AcleanBtocleanCcleaningDcleaned解析：考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)，decidetodosth決定做某事4.用作狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)：HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboywastooyoungtolookafterhimself.表目的表結(jié)果鏈接中考（2012，河北）——abookinthelibrary,enterakeywordintothecomputer.ATofindBFindCTowriteDWrite解析：句子意思是“為了在圖書館找到一本書，需要在電腦上輸入一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞”?？疾椴欢ㄊ奖硎灸康臓钫Z(yǔ)5.用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.

wantsb.todo wishsb.todo

allowsb.todo ordersb.todo

likesb.todo

wouldlikesb.todo作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不帶to的情況：Letmedoit.Isawhimcrossthestreet.常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：使役動(dòng)詞:let,make,have感官動(dòng)詞:see,watch,hear,feel,listento比較：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.Givemesomethingtodrink.Ihavetwobookstoread.Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat.Heaskedforaroomtolivein.Idon’thaveapentowritewith.Heboughtatoytoplaywith.6.用作定語(yǔ)(這時(shí)不定式與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。若是不及物動(dòng)詞,介詞不能省略)鏈接中考（2011，河北）Wheneveryouhaveachance___English,youshouldtakeit.AspeakBtospeakCspokeDspeaks解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法。tospeakEnglish作chance的定語(yǔ)。1.我有許多書要看。2.她有幾個(gè)問(wèn)題要問(wèn)。3.他有一臺(tái)電腦要賣。Ihavemanybookstoread.Shehasafewquestionstoask.Hehasacomputertosell.練習(xí)7.疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ))Idon’tknowwhattodo.(賓語(yǔ))Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))Thequestioniswhotoask.(表語(yǔ))鏈接中考（2015，河北）--Itisimportantforustoknow___allthesubjects.---Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite.AhowtostudyBwhentostudyCwhichtostudyDwhattostudy解析：考查疑問(wèn)詞+todo結(jié)構(gòu)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式)中考考查重點(diǎn)講解e.g.1.Hehaspromisedtobehavebetterlater.2.Theboydecidednottobecomeasailor.3.Ihopetogotocollege.promise,decide,hope,agree,choose,fail,wish,learn+todosth.I.4.Heagreedtohelpus.5.Shechosetostudychemistry.6.Hefailedtopersuadehim.7.Doyouwishtoeatalone?enjoy,finish,keep,mindsuggest,can’thelpe.g.1.他對(duì)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)總是興致勃勃。Healwaysenjoyslisteningtomusic.2.我打掃完房間了Ihavefinishedcleaningtheroom.3.你不能像這樣老變主意。Youshouldn'tkeepchangingyourideaslikethis.+doingsth.II.4.Wouldyoumind__________withyou?5.Hesuggested________forawalk.6.Icouldn'thelp______.mycominggoingoutcryinglove,hate,forget,rememberstop,like,try,mean+todosth.doingsth.1.Maryloves_______________.2.Ihateto_____________________.3.她忘記寄這封信了。Sheforgot__________________.reading/toreadtrouble/troublinghimtoposttheletterIII.4.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了初次寄信的情景。I'llneverforget_______aletterforthefirsttime.5.Iremember______heronce.=IrememberthatI____(see)heronce.6.Remember________me.=Ihopeyou’llphoneme.postingseeingsawtophone他停下來(lái)跟我說(shuō)話。Hestopped______________.他停止講話Hestopped_______.他喜歡游泳。Helikes_________.我不想打擾你。Idon'tlike_____________.她試著寫作文。Shetried____________________.totalkwithmetalkingswimmingtodisturbyouwritingacomposition她設(shè)法打電話找你。Shetried____________________我本來(lái)打算今天給你這本書的,可是我忘了。Imeant___________________today,butIforgot.這意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Thismeans_______muchtime.togetyouonthephonetogiveyouthisbookwastingIV.ask,tell,get,wish,want,teach,know,understand1.Iasked

him

_______hereearly.2.Gethim_____adoctor.勸他去找醫(yī)生看看。3.I'veknownhim_____veryfast.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他跑得比較快。4.Whatdidyouunderstandhim

_____?你認(rèn)為他說(shuō)的是什么意思呢？+sb.todosth.tocometoseetoruntosaymake,have,let,see,watch,hear,feel,notice+sb.dosth.e.g.Ican'tmakethehorsego.我無(wú)法使這匹馬走動(dòng)。

Iwon’thave(允許，容許)yousaysuchthings.我可不許你說(shuō)這樣的話。

Mymotherwouldn'tletmegotothefilm.我媽媽不會(huì)讓我去看電影的。

Didyounoticehimleavethehouse?你看到他離開房間了嗎？

Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.V.sb.+bedone+todosth.e.gHeisoftenheard______thesong.Theyweremade_______dayandnight.tosingtoworkⅥ.be+happy,glad,pleasedangry,sorry,luckyslow,quick,carefulready,nice+todosth.e.gIamsorrytohearthat.Heiswrongtosayso.Iwasveryluckytogetacopysocheap.“我這么便宜地買到一本,真是幸運(yùn)極了。**quicktolearnsth.**學(xué)某事學(xué)得快Becarefulnottofallofftheladder.當(dāng)心別從梯子上掉下來(lái)。Heisreadytohelp.愿意幫忙Ⅶ.e.g.IfounditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.=Ifoundthat_____veryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Ifeelitmydutytodoso.=Ifeelthat__mydutytodoso.think,make,find,feel+it+adj./n+todosth.

itwasitisIt’s++(for+sb.)+todosth.It’s+difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossibleimportant,`+(of

+sb.)+todosth.clever,wise,kind,good,right,nicewrong,bad,cruelsilly,stupid,foolishcareful,carelessⅧ.e.gItishard___youtodoitwell.=Foryoutodoitwellishard.Itiskind___youtohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.

forofIt’sclever__himtosayso.Itisimpossible__youtofinishit.Itwaswrong__youtotellalie.Itwascareless___youtomakesomanymistakesintheexam.Itissilly__hertodosuchathing.Itisimportant___youtolearnEnglishwell.

offorof

of

of

fore.gⅨ.e.gTheyhadnoroomtolive___.

Thepenisverygoodtowrite____.

Thechairisnicetosit__.what/where/when/how/why+todosth.e.g.Howtodoitisstillaquestion.Haveyoudecidedwhentoholdtheparty?inwithonⅩ.Exercises1.--You’vedoneverywellthistime. --It’sreallykind______. A.foryoutosaysoB.foryousayingso C.ofyoutosaysoD.ofyousayingso2.Itisbettertoloseone’slifethan____. A.ifyouloseyourspirit B.losinghisspirit C.toloseone’sspirit D.yourspiritgettinglostCC3.–Ican’tworkinthisway. --Whynot____itinsomeotherway? A.trytodo B.trydoing C.tryingtodo D.tryingdoing4.Sinceyoufinditdifficult____adecision,you’dbetteradiscussion(討論)withyourparents. A.reach;have B.reaching;have C.reach;having D.toreach;haveBD5.Myfatherhates(痛恨)___.Heneverallowsme_____. A.tosmoke;tosmoke B.smoking;smoking C.smoke;smoking D.smoking;tosmoke6.Thegirlwasbeginning___. A.getangry B.togetangry C.gettingangry D.angryDB7.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow________. A.wheretochoose B.whichtochoose C.whattochoose D.tochoosewhich8.Thebagistooheavyforme_______. A.tocarryit B.nottocarryit C.tocarry D.nottocarry9.Theteacherwillteachhim_______. A.touse B.useit C.howtouseit D.usesBCC找出句子中的不定式,并說(shuō)出作用：1.Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.2.Ihopetoseehimsoon.3.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.4.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)5.Ihavealottotellyou.6.It’snotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.7.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.跳舞非常有趣。2.種些植物是非常有必要的。Todanceisalotoffun.Itisalotoffuntodance.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.3.說(shuō)英語(yǔ)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)并不容易。4.聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。Tohearyourvoiceissonice.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.1.我的工作是每天打掃這間屋子。2.最上策的計(jì)劃就是馬上離開這兒。3.我的夢(mèng)想就是成為一名科學(xué)家。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.Mydreamistobeascientist.1.他想借用我的錄音機(jī)。2.他們開始讀和寫。3.李琳喜歡玩什么？她喜歡踢足球。4.你長(zhǎng)大了想做什么？Hewantstoborrowmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.WhatsportsdoesLiLinliketoplay?Shelikestoplaysoccer.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?5.他是一個(gè)值得信賴的人。6.愛(ài)迪生是第一個(gè)發(fā)明電燈的人。7.他那生病母親最多可活三個(gè)月。Heisamantobelievein.Edisonwasthefirstmantoinventthelights.Hissickmotherhasthreemonthstoliveatmost.Theylookedforhimeverywhereandfoundhim__underthetree.a.lies b.lying c.lay d.lai