英語國家概況修訂版-課件

英語國家概況修訂版英語國家概況TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英語國家概況修訂版Geography,PeopleandLanguage英語國家概況修訂版Geography

IPeopleIITheEnglishLanguageIII英語國家概況修訂版1.GeographicalFeatures2.Climate3.MajorCities英語國家概況修訂版Readthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannelTheRepublicofIreland英語國家概況修訂版TheofficialtitleoftheUK

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（since1927)ConventionallyshortenedtoUnitedKingdomAbbreviation:UKTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(England,ScotlandandWales)NorthernIreland

Questiontoponder:Peopleoftengetconfusedwith

theterms“England”,“Britain”,“GreatBritain”,“UnitedKingdom”,and“BritishIsles”.EvensomeBritishpeoplearenotfullyawareofthepreciserealitythatthesetermsexpress.Dothesetermsmeanthesame?英語國家概況修訂版EnglandManypeoplesay"England"whentheyreallymean"TheUnitedKingdom."Thisisnotcorrect!PeopleinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandconsideritinsultingandhatehearingBritainbeingreferredtoas“England”asitappearstoignoretheirexistence.EnglandisonlyaconstituentcountryintheUK,andapartoftheislandofGreatBritain,togetherwithScotlandandWales.英語國家概況修訂版BritainStrictly,“Britain”referstothelargestislandintheBritishIsles,whichcontainsmodern-dayEngland,WalesandScotlandandislandsgovernedfromthemainland(i.e.notIsleofManorChannelIslands).However,theterm“Britain”ismorecommonlyusedasapoliticalterm:analternativenamefortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.英語國家概況修訂版Great

Britain"GreatBritain"isthecollectivenameforthethreecountriesofEngland,ScotlandandWales.ItalsoincludesthesmalladjacentislandsbutitdoesnotincludetheChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan.GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandtogetherformthe"UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,orUK.英語國家概況修訂版TheUnitedKingdom“TheUnitedKingdom”istheabbreviatedformfortheofficialname“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,whichcameintousein1922aftertheconstitutionoftheIrishFreeState(1922-1937),theformernameoftheRepublicofIreland.英語國家概況修訂版TheBritishIsles(不列顛群島）The"BritishIsles"isageographicaltermforagroupofislandsconsistingofGreatBritain,thewholeofIreland,andmanyothersmallersurroundingislands.TheBritishIslesarethelargestgroupofislandsinEurope.英語國家概況修訂版英語國家概況修訂版英語國家概況修訂版英語國家概況修訂版LocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49°Nand61°Nandlongitudes8°Wto2°ETotalterritory:about243,000squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.

英語國家概況修訂版NorthernIreland:It’smostlyhilly.

Wales:It’smostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMid-Wales.

Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.

England:Itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorthwest,northandsouthwest.

BenNevisinScotland

—

thehighestpointinUK英語國家概況修訂版Thelongestriver:SevernRiver(about980kmkilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(330kmkilometerslong)ThelargestLakeintheBritishIsles:LoughNeagh（內(nèi)伊湖）Thames英語國家概況修訂版thelongestriverinEnglandandthesecondlongestintheUnitedKingdom(332kilometerslong)ahistoricallandmarkinthecityofLondon.AboatridealongtheThamesisalsosomethingthateveryvisitorshouldexperience.Severalboatracesandactivitiestakeplacealongorattherivereachyear.英語國家概況修訂版英語國家概況修訂版 "IWanderedLonelyasaCloud"

—WilliamWordsworth

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

英語國家概況修訂版 Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed—andgazed—butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.英語國家概況修訂版Knee-lengthskirtlikegarmentthatiswornbymenasamajorelementofthetraditionalnationalgarbofScotland.HighlanddressisalsotheuniformofScottishregimentsintheBritisharmy,andkiltshavebeenworninbattleasrecentlyasWorldWarII.InBraveheart,WilliamWallace,aScottishfreedomfighter,wearshiskilthighonthethighwhileriding.英語國家概況修訂版Maincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coolwintersandplentifulprecipitation（降水）

throughouttheyearThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/Changeability英語國家概況修訂版TheRiverThamesthecapitalofEnglandandtheUnitedKingdomthepolitical,industrial,culturalandfinancialcenterofthecountryoneoftheworld'sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters英語國家概況修訂版ThePalaceofWestminster英語國家概況修訂版WestminsterAbbeyBigBen英語國家概況修訂版Guildhall（市政廳）英語國家概況修訂版HydeParkTowerofLondon（倫敦塔）英語國家概況修訂版TowerBridge

BuckinghamPalace英語國家概況修訂版LondonEye英語國家概況修訂版CapitalofScotlandadministrative,financial,legal,medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitecture英語國家概況修訂版oneofthemostnotedofScotland'suniversities.Itwasfoundedin1583as“theTown'sCollege”.Alumni:CharlesDarwin,SirWalterScott,thenovelistRobertLouisStevenson,andtheinventorAlexanderGrahamBell.英語國家概況修訂版EdinburghCastlePalaceofHolyrood（霍利魯?shù)拢┯⒄Z國家概況修訂版thecapitalcityofWalesfor58years

Europe’syoungestcapitalcityhometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom英語國家概況修訂版CardiffCityHall英語國家概況修訂版MillenniumStadium（千年球場）

Cardiff

Castle

英語國家概況修訂版CityHallthelargestcityandthecapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccityOncethehomeoftheIrishlinenindustry,tobaccoproduction,ropemakingandtheworldfamousHarlandandWolffshipbuilders.英語國家概況修訂版BelfastCastle英語國家概況修訂版Overallpopulation:about63million(2012)Distribution:England:about53millionScotland:around5.2millionWales:around3.1millionNorthernIreland:around1.8million英語國家概況修訂版ThemajorityofthepopulationisdescendentsoftheAnglo-Saxons.MostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeople.TheIrishpeoplearealsoofCelticorigin.Immigrants:Italians,Greeks,Australians,NewZealanders,etc.英語國家概況修訂版EthnicGroupsPercentageofTotalWhite:British 80.5 White:Other 5.4 White/BlackCaribbean0.8 White/BlackAfrican 0.3 White/Asian 0.6 OtherMixed 0.5 Indian 2.5 Pakistani 2.0 Bangladeshi 0.8 Chinese 0.7 OtherAsian 1.5 African 1.8 Caribbean 1.1 OtherBlack 0.5 Anyotherethnicgroup/Arab 1.0 英語國家概況修訂版1.OldEnglish2.MiddleEnglish3.ModernEnglish4.StandardEnglish英語國家概況修訂版LanguageofAngle-SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsFrench-speakingNormans

TheoriginsoftheEnglishlanguageThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagereallystartedwiththearrivalofthreeGermanictribeswhoinvadedBritainduringthe5thcenturyAD.Thesetribes,theAngles,theSaxonsandtheJutes,crossedtheNorthSeafromwhattodayisDenmarkandnorthernGermany.AtthattimetheinhabitantsofBritainspokeaCelticlanguage.ButmostoftheCelticspeakerswerepushedwestandnorthbytheinvaders---mainlyintowhatisnowWales,ScotlandandIreland.TheAnglescamefromEnglalandandtheirlanguagewascalledEnglisc---fromwhichthewordsEnglandandEnglisharederived.英語國家概況修訂版BeowulfThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodisthe

epicpoemBeowulf.Hw?t!WeGar-Dena ingeardagum,teodcyninga, trymgefrunon,huea?telingas ellenfremedon.OftScyldScefing sceatenatreatum英語國家概況修訂版StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage,andEnglishbecamethelanguageoflowerclasspig—porksheep—muttoncattle—beefDevelopment

EnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeath.英語國家概況修訂版GeoferyChaucer(c.1342-1400)WhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;TheCanterburyTales英語國家概況修訂版Theprintingpress—broughtstandardizationtoEnglishSamuelJohnson’sdictionary—establishedastandardformofspellingRenaissance—assimilatedforeignw