定語從句講解課件

TheAttributiveClause定語從句

一個(gè)美麗的女孩

abeautifulgirlbeautiful（形容詞作前置定語）一個(gè)穿白色衣服的女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介詞短語作后置定語）一個(gè)正唱歌的女孩agirl issinging

whoissinging（定語從句，修飾或限定名詞girl）定語是句子成分之一，可以由單詞、短語或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，對(duì)名（代）詞修飾和限制。常有形容詞充當(dāng)，（另外名詞、數(shù)詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞（短語）、介詞短語也可以擔(dān)當(dāng)定語。）且單個(gè)詞作定語一般前置，短語和從句作定語常后置，翻譯成“……的thetallthestrongthecleverboyTheboy

whoistall

Theboy

whoisstrong

Theboy

whoisclever

appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisred

Theapplewhichisgreen

Theapplewhichissmall

Theapplewhichisbig

定語從句是用于修飾名詞或代詞的從句定語從句的分類：A限制性定語從句B非限制性定語從句

定語從句=｛先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句｝

1.被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“先行詞”

2.引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞”。

☆關(guān)系詞：A關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which

B關(guān)系副詞when,where,why=（介詞+關(guān)系代詞）TheboywhoisreadingisTom.

先行詞theboy

關(guān)系代詞whoHospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.

先行詞aplace

關(guān)系副詞where

先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

themachine=that2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.theboy=who關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際是先行詞的復(fù)指

3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.

theboy’s=whose

關(guān)系代詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格

4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.intheschool=where

關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞加先行詞

關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:

首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞可用

who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞可用which,that或whose

然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表先行詞

作主語

作賓語

作定語

人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose

物which,thatwhich,thatwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法

★

Who指人，在定語從句中作主語。

Theboywhoisstandingthereismycousin.

★whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語（可?。?。

Theman(whom)youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith★Whose(=ofwhom+the+n

the+nwhom;ofwhich+n,the+n+ofwhich)指人或指物，作定語。

Doyouknowtheboywhosefather(thefatherofwhom/ofwhomthefather)isanengineer.Helivesinahousewhosewindows(thewindowofwhich/ofwhichthewindow)facessouth.關(guān)系代詞的用法★

that指人或指物，作主語、賓語（可?。?/p>

Idon’tknowabouttheman(that)youmentioned.

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.★which指物，作主語、賓語（可?。㏕hepen(which)myunclegavemeismissing.

ChildrenliketoreadbookswhichhavewonderfulpicturesExercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.

Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.whom4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that關(guān)系副詞的用法☆when(=in/on/at+which)修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞，在定從句中作狀語。

I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IjoinedtheParty.☆

where(=in/on/at+which)修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，在定從句中作狀語。

Thefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatherworksisinthe

eastofthecity.關(guān)系副詞的用法☆

why(=for+which)修飾表示原因(reason)的名詞，在定從句中作狀語。

Noneofusknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.先行詞是物時(shí)，在下列情況中，關(guān)系代詞只用that，而不用which。

☆

當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞

all,little,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone時(shí)。

Doyouhaveanything

thatyouwanttosayforyourself?Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.

☆當(dāng)先行詞前面用only,any,few,little,no,all,very等修飾時(shí)。

Thisistheverybook

thatI’mlookingfor.Theonlythingthatyoucandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行詞是物時(shí)，在下列情況中，關(guān)系代詞只用that，而不用which?！町?dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或它前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)。

Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.Thisisthemostinterestingfilm

thatI’veeverseen?

☆

當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。

Thetrainisthelast

thatwillgototheSuzhou.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilm

thatyouhaveseen?只用that，而不用which☆

當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?

☆

當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)。

Whichisthebike

thatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?

☆

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