土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB

土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GBSoilEnvironmentalQualityStandardGB15618-1995Companynumber:1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108ApprovedonMay1st,1995andimplementedonMay1st,1995,theSoilEnvironmentalQualityStandardGB15618-1995wasdevelopedtoimplementtheEnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,preventsoilpollution,protecttheecologicalenvironment,ensureagriculturalandforestryproduction,andmaintainhumanhealth.1.ThemeContentandScopeofApplicationThemeContent:Thisstandardspecifiesthemaximumallowableconcentrationindexvaluesofpollutantsinsoilandthecorrespondingmonitoringmethodsbasedonsoilapplicationfunction,protectiongoals,andsoilmainproperties.ScopeofApplication:Thisstandardappliestosoilinfarmland,vegetablefields,teagardens,orchards,pastures,forests,naturereserves,andotherareas.2.TerminologySoil:Alooselayeronthesurfaceoftheearththatcangrowgreenplants.Soilcationexchangecapacity:Theamountofcationsadsorbedbysoilcolloidswithnegativechargesinsolutionbyelectrostaticattraction,expressedinmillimolesperkilogramofdrysoilforallexchangeablecations(calculatedasmonovalentions).3.SoilEnvironmentalQualityClassificationandStandardGradingSoilEnvironmentalQualityClassification:Accordingtosoilapplicationfunctionandprotectiongoals,itisdividedintothreecategories:CategoryIismainlyapplicabletosoilinnationalnaturereserves(excludingthosewithhighbackgroundheavymetalcontent),centralizeddomesticwatersources,teagardens,pastures,andotherprotectedareas,andthesoilqualitybasicallymaintainsthenaturalbackgroundlevel.CategoryIIismainlyapplicabletosoilingeneralfarmland,vegetablefields,teagardens,orchards,pastures,etc.,andthesoilqualitybasicallydoesnotcauseharmandpollutiontoplantsandtheenvironment.CategoryIIIismainlyapplicabletosoilinforestland,highbackgroundvaluesoilwithlargepollutantcapacity,agriculturalsoilnearmineraldeposits(excludingvegetablefields),etc.,andthesoilqualitybasicallydoesnotcauseharmandpollutiontoplantsandtheenvironment.StandardGrading:Thefirst-levelstandardisthelimitvalueofsoilenvironmentalqualitythatprotectsthenaturalecologyoftheprotectedareaandmaintainsthenaturalbackground.Thesecond-levelstandardisthelimitvalueofsoilthatguaranteesagriculturalproductionandmaintainshumanhealth.Thethird-levelstandardisthecriticalvalueofsoilthatguaranteesagriculturalandforestryproductionandnormalplantgrowth.Thelevelregulationsfortheimplementationofsoilenvironmentalqualitystandardsforeachcategoryofsoilareasfollows:CategoryIsoilenvironmentalqualityimplementsthefirst-levelstandard.CategoryIIsoilenvironmentalqualityimplementsthesecond-levelstandard.CategoryIIIsoilenvironmentalqualityimplementsthethird-levelstandard.4.StandardValuesThethree-levelstandardvaluesstipulatedinthisstandardareshowninTable1.Table1SoilEnvironmentalQualityStandardValues(mg/kg)Level1Level2Level3SoilpHNaturalbackground<～>>ProjectCadmium≤Mercury≤ArsenicPaddyfield≤1530252030Dryland≤1540302540CopperFarmland,etc.≤3550100100400Orchard≤—150200200400Lead≤35250300350500SoilEnvironmentalQualityStandardsThefollowingstandardsapplytosoilswithcationexchangecapacity>5cmol(+)/kg.ForsoilswithCEC≤5cmol(+)/kg,thestandardvaluesarehalfofthevalueslistedinthetable.Chromium(mainlytrivalent)andarsenicaremeasuredintermsofelementalcontent.666andDDVPrefertothetotalamountsoffourisomersandfourderivatives,respectively.Forsoilenvironmentswherethereisrotationbetweenpaddyanddryland,thearsenicvalueforpaddyfieldsandthechromiumvaluefordrylandareused.SamplingMethod:Soilmonitoringmethodsareinaccordancewiththe"EnvironmentalMonitoringandAnalysisMethods"and"ModernAnalysisMethodsforSoilElements"publishedbytheChinaEnvironmentalMonitoringStation.Aftertherelevantnationalmethodstandardsareissued,theywillbeimplementedaccordingtothenationalstandard.TheanalyticalmethodsareinaccordancewithTable2.Table2:SelectedAnalyticalMethodsforSoilEnvironmentalQualityStandardsItemNo.AnalyticalMethodDetectionRangeNotesmg/kgAnalyticalMethodSource1Cadmium(1)Extraction-FlameAtomicAbsorptionSpectrophotometryTotalsoilcadmium①,②Above(2)GraphiteFurnaceAtomicAbsorptionSpectrophotometry2MercurySoilsamplesaredigestedwithnitricacid-sulfuricacid-vanadiumpentoxideorsulfuricacid-potassiumpermanganate,andthenmeasuredbycoldatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.AboveTotalsoilmercury①,②ContinuedTable2:ItemNo.AnalyticalMethodDetectionRangeNotesmg/kgAnalyticalMethodSource(1)Soilsamplesaredigestedwithsulfuricacid-nitricacid-hydrochloricacid,andthenmeasuredbydithizonespectrophotometry.①,②3ArsenicTotalsoilarsenicabove(2)Soilsamplesaredigestedwithnitricacid-hydrochloricacid,andthenmeasuredbyborohydride-potassiumnitrate-silverspectrophotometry.Soilsamplesaredigestedwithhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid(orhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid),andthenmeasuredbyflameatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.4CopperTotalsoilcopper①,②Soilsamplesaredigestedwithhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-highchloricacid(orhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid),andthenmeasuredbyflameatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.Above5LeadSoilsamplesaredigestedwithhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid,andthenmeasuredby(1)Extraction-FlameAtomicAbsorptionSpectrophotometryor(2)GraphiteFurnaceAtomicAbsorptionSpectrophotometry.AboveTotalsoillead②Soilsamplesaredigestedwithhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid(orhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid),andthenmeasuredbypotassiumpermanganate-oxalicacidspectrophotometry.6Chromium(1)Potassiumpermanganateoxidation,diphencylcarbazonespectrophotometryor(2)Ammoniumchloridesolution,flameatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.AboveTotalsoilchromium①,②Soilsamplesaredigestedwithhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid(orhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid),andthenmeasuredbyflameatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.7ZincSoilsamplesaredigestedwithhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-highchloricacid(orhydrochloricacid-nitricacid-hydrofluoricacid-highchloricacid),andthenmeasuredbyflameatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.AboveTotalsoilzinc①,②Soilsamplesaredigestedwithhydroch