四川省高一下學期期末考試英語試卷附帶答案解析

第第頁四川省高一下學期期末考試英語試卷(附帶答案解析）（滿分：150分；考試時間：120分鐘）學校:___________班級：___________姓名：___________考號：___________一、閱讀理解InvasiveSpeciesManagementPlacencia,BelizeMakeadifferencebyremovinglion-fish,aninvasivespeciesdestroyingreefecosystemsoftheCaribbean.Learntodivewhileremovinglion-fish.Eachweek/daywilldifferbutyouwillbeparticipatinginthefollowingareas;RemovingInvasiveLion-fish.WhaleSharkObservation(ifspotted).BiodiversityIdentificationDive.BeachClean-ups.MarineResearchExpeditionTyrrhenianSea,ItalyYouwilljoinaninternationalcrewaboardasailboattoworkfortheprotectionofourseas.

Andyouwilllearntocollectdata,organizeandenjoytheseaatitsbest!Experiencethesailinglifeinoneoftheworld’sbestspotsforWatersports.GainexperienceinMarineResearchinthefield(Underwater).Getcloseuptodolphinsandwhalesinthewild.WildlifeSupporterPortElizabeth,SouthAfricaVolunteerataGameReservethathoststheBig5andsupportthelocalstaffinmonitoringtheanimals.WorkupclosewiththefamousBig5!Joinourreservefororphanedandinjurednondangerousanimals.Makeadifferenceintherescue,rehabilitation(康復)andreleaseofwildlifegivingthemasecondchanceatbeingfreeandwildagain.ClimateandEnvironmentalistSupporterHangaRoa,ChileBeavolunteerontheamazingEasterIslandinthemiddleofthePacificOceanandget

involvedinclimateandnatureprotection.Responsibilitiesinclude:Teamworkintheclimateprotectionprogram,Collectionofplantseeds,Controlofseedsettlementontheplantation,Conservationofnativeseedsandplants,Reforestationwork.1．Whatactivitywillvolunteersdodependingongoodluck?A．Cleandolphinsstuckonthebeach. B．Diveunderwatertoseelion-fish.C．Collectdataonamarineanimal. D．Monitorwhalesharkscarefully.2．WhatisTyrrhenianSeafamousfor?A．Itsmarinelifeindeepwater. B．Itsperfectplaceforsailing.C．Itswilddolphinsandwhales. D．Itsbestspotformarineresearches.3．Whichactivityissuitableforvolunteerswithmedicalexperiences?A．WildlifeSupporter. B．MarineResearchExpedition.C．InvasiveSpeciesManagement. D．ClimateandEnvironmentalistSupporter.YevaKlingbeil’shighschooltrackcareerwascutsuddenlywhenshewasdiagnosed(診斷)withrhabdomyosarcoma,araretypeofcancerthataffectsmuscletissue.Klingbeil,18,hadtogothroughmonthsofchemotherapy(化療)andradiationtreatmentsafterherdiagnosis,whichlefthertooweaktocompete.TheCOVID-19leftKlingbeilawayfromherteammatesasschoolwentvirtualandtrackmeetswerecanceled.Shefacedanotherchallengerecentlywhendoctorsdiscoveredhercancerhadreturned,leadingtomorechemotherapy.Despitethechallenges,Klingbeil’strackcoach,RobCloutier,reachedouttohertoseeifshewouldliketojoinherteammatesinatraditioninwhichseniorsrunthe4x100raceatthelasthometrackmeetoftheseason.“Itoldhertoruntheanchorleg,whichisthefinallegoftherace,”saidCloutier.“Iwantedhertobeabletodoitonelasttime.”Hearingthenews,Klingbeilwasexcited.Meanwhile,Klingbeilwasjuststartingtowalkagainafterusingawheelchairduetocomplications(并發(fā)癥)fromchemotherapy,butshewascommittedtorunningherhighschooltrackonelasttimewithherteammates.Klingbeilhadachemotherapytreatmentonthedayofthelasttrackmeet,May24,andthenputonherteamuniformforthefirsttimeinoverayear.Whenitwasherturn,herthreeraceteammatescametohersideandwalkedthetrackwithher.TheentireShenHighSchooltrackteamalsowalkedalongwithKlingbeilfromthefieldandthenrushedandcheeredforherwhenshecrossedthefinishline.“Thatwasagreatsurprise,”Klingbeilsaid,“Ifeelaccomplishedbecausecrossingthelinewasaperfectendofmyhighschooltrackcareer.”CloutiersaidhehadwatchedKlingbeilgothroughhercancerbattlewiththatsamelevelofdetermination,saying“She’sworkedthroughthischallengeinherlifewithoutasinglecomplaintandwithasmileonherface.Everyonewhohaswitnessedhercanlearnalittlebitfromthat.”4．Whycouldn’tKlingbeilcontinuehertrackcareer?A．Shehurthermusclebadly. B．Shemustfocusonherstudy.C．Shehadlittletimeforrunning. D．Shesufferedfromaseveredisease.5．WhatdidKlingbeil’scoachdoforhertrackcareer?A．Hemadeawheelchairforher. B．Heaskedhertojoinaspecialteam.C．Hemadeherrunhertrackonelasttime. D．Heorganizedherteammatestohelpher.6．WhatcanweknowaboutKlingbeil’slasttrackmeet?A．Shehadatreatmentafterit. B．Shedidn’tmakeittothefinishline.C．Shehadasenseofachievementafterit. D．Shewalkedthetrackwithallherteammates.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKlingbeil?A．Caringandoptimistic. B．Determinedandpositive.C．Responsibleandsensitive. D．Powerfulandindependent.Formanyanimalsintheocean,crabsarefood.That’saproblemforcrabs.Howcantheystayoffthedinnermenu?Onetypeofcrab,knownasthedecoratorcrab,hasfoundacleversolution.It“decorates”itself.Decoratorcrabsuseseaweedtochangetheirappearancessothatpredators(捕食者)willnotrecognizethem.Morethan100speciesofdecoratorcrabsarefoundallovertheworld.Onespecies,commonlycalledthelongnosespidercrab,takesdecoratingtoawholenewlevel.Theoceanfloorwascoveredinseaweed,butthesecrabswouldn’tusejustanykindtheyfound.“Theywerevery,verypicky,andthingstheypickwerequiteuncommon.”saysDr.StachowiczoftheUniversityCalifornia.Henoticedthatlongnosespidercrabswouldgrabapieceofseaweedandtakealittlebite.Sometimestheywouldjusteattheseaweed.Othertimes,theywouldreachbackandattachthepiecetothesmallhairsontheirback.Thesecrabswerechoosingtodecoratethemselveswithseaweedthathasapeppery-tasting(胡椒味)chemicalinit.Mostfishfindthischemicalunappetizing.“Ifthecrabsjustdecoratedtolooklikethebackground,theywouldbegivingtheirpredatorsalittlesidesaladwiththemaincourse.”saysDr.Stachowicz.Butbycarefullychoosingthepepperyseaweed,thesedecoratorcrabslooklesstastyandpredatorsavoidthem.Oncealongnosespidercrabhasputtogetheragoodsuittoprotectitself,itissetforawhile.Theseaweedcontinuestogrowevenwhileit’sstucktothecrab’sback.Whenacrabsheds(去除)itsoldshell,ithastoredecorate,oftenusingseaweedfromitsoldshell.Basically,thecrabrecycles.8．Howdothelongnosespidercrabsdifferfromotherdecoratorcrabs?A．Theylikeeatingseaweed.B．Theypickseaweedcarefully.C．Theyhavesmallhairsontheirback.D．Theyuseanyseaweedtodecoratethemselves.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unappetizing”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Unattractive. B．Unusual. C．Unhealthy. D．Unimportant.10．Whatdoweknowaboutthelongnosespidercrabsfromthetext?A．Theyshedtheiroldshellsregularly.B．Thedecorationontheirshellslastsforever.C．Theyprefertheseaweedthatfishusuallyavoid.D．Theyneverredecoratethemselveswithnewseaweed.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．SurvivalTipsfortheCrabs B．AProblemforCrabsC．WaystoDecoratetheCrabs D．ACrab’sCleverClothesCarleenHutchinsfinishedbuildingherfirststringedinstrument(弦樂器)in1949,whenshewas38.Sheisrememberedasanexcellentluthier.Aluthierisapersonwhomakesstringedinstruments,suchasviolinsandguitars.Hutchinswasaprimaryschoolscienceteacher.Shetookuptheviola(中提琴)at36.Butshewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeviolashebought.Sinceshewasaskilledwoodworker,shedecidedtobuildoneherself.Formorethan50years,shecarved(雕刻)stringedinstruments.Hutchinsworkedfromherhome—ofteninherkitchen.Sheusedascientificmethodtocarvethem.Overtheyears,shemadearound500instruments.Hermethodisstillused.Ithelpsluthierscarvehigh-qualitystringedinstruments.Hutchinsalsocreatedafamilyofeightviolinsknownastheviolinoctet.Theychangeinsizeandtone(音調(diào)).“It’showtheinstrumentiscarvedthatmakesitaviolin,”JoeMcNalleysays.HeisthefounderoftheHutchinsConsort,agroupthatplaystheoctet.Thefourinstrumentsinthestringfamilyareviolin,viola,cello,andbass.Theycannotplaythelowestorhighestnotesofthepiano.Theyplaythenotesinbetween.Hutchinscreatedafamilyofeightviolinsthatplayallthenotesapianoplays.D．QuincyWhitneyhaswrittenabookaboutHutchins.“Forcenturies,musicianshadtalkedaboutcreatingafamilyofviolinsthathadatotalstringsoundaswideasapiano,”shesaid.Hutchinswasanartistandascientist.Abigpartofherdreamwastocreatetop-qualityinstrumentsthatwereaffordable.“Herstoryisabouthowonepersoncannotonlymakeadifference,”saysWhitney,“butcanchangeawholeworld.”12．WhydidHutchinsstarttomakestringedinstruments?A．Shehopedtocreateabetterviola.B．Shewasnotsatisfiedwithhercareer.C．Sheexpectedtobeaskilledwoodworker.D．Shewantedtoteachherstudentsaboutmusic.13．WhatdoweknowaboutHutchins?A．SheheadedtheHutchinsConsort.B．Sheisverygoodatplayingtheoctet.C．Shelearnedasimplemethodtomakeinstruments.D．Sheisapioneerinthedesignofstringedinstruments.14．Differentfromthetraditionalviolinfamily,theviolinoctet_____.A．iseasiertomake B．hasthesamesizeC．producesrichersounds D．islessenjoyedbymusicians15．WhatisWhitney’sattitudetoHutchins?A．Respectful. B．Concerned.C．Doubtful. D．Worried.二、七選五You’reoutonahike,snackingonanapple,abanana,orahandfulofnuts.Whenyou’refinished,allthat’sleftisacore,apeel,perhapsashell.“It’snatural,”youtellyourself,throwingitawaycarelessly.Afterall，foodwasteisbiodegradable(可生物降解的).16Itcouldtakeyearstobiodegrade,endangeranimals,orevenputotherpeopleatrisk.Foodwastedoesn’tdecomposeasfastasyouthink17.Butfewerpeopleareawarethatfoodwastelikeorangeandbananapeelscantakeuptotwoyearstobreakdowninthewild.Andevenifthosefoodwastefinallybiodegrade,theycanleadtomanyseriousproblems.Animalsareattractedtofoodwaste“Animalshaveasuperadvancedsenseofsmellcomparedtous,”saysJeffMarion,abiologist.Allhumanfoodcanattractanimals.Thiscancause“attractionbehavior”,whichreferstohumanactionsthatcauseanimalstoovercometheirnaturalcautionofpeople.18HumanfoodcanmakeanimalssickAnimalsbecomingattractedtoandsubsequentlyusedtohumanfoodcanleadtofar-reachinghealthissuesinanimals.Foodwastebytheroadsidemaycauseanimalsdeathsbecausewildlifeattractedtothatfoodcanbehitbyavehicle.19.Mostfoodwasteisneveranimals’normaldiet,whichcanbedeadly.20Topreventanyoftheseunwelcomeeffects,thebestthingtodoistostoreanddealwithfoodwastewell.Don’tthrowitabout.Don’tburnit,asitismoredifficulttoburn.Andifyoupassotherfoodwasteonthetrailorinthepark,pickitup,evenifit’snotyours.A．MostpeopleknowfoodwasteisbiodegradableB．PlayyourpartbykeepingyourfoodtoyourselfC．Makesureyouwon’tthrowfoodwasterandomlyD．ThefooditselfcanalsomakeanimalssickandevenkillthemE．Animalscan’tgettoknowtheharmthathumanfoodcontainsF．ThissortofattractionbehaviorcanquicklybecomedangerousG．Butfoodwastecancausealotmoredamagethanyoumaythink三、完形填空Theparentswhoadopted(收養(yǎng))BruceHollywoodencouragedhimtofindhisJapanesebirthmother.Butheneverbecame21untilhehadaheartattack,whenherealizedthatheregrettednever22withhisbirthmother.Nosoonerhadherecoveredthanhebegan23hisbirthmother.HecalledtheJapaneseEmbassy(大使館),buttherewasno24information,whichmadehimreallyunhappy.Luckily,hemetanarmymanontheplane25.Theyhadacasual26.WhenBrucementionedhis27search,themansaidhewassorrytohearthat.Thenhe28Brucetogivehimalltheinformationhehad29andtoldhimhewouldhelphim.30Brucehadalowexpectation,hefollowedwhatthemansaid.Tendayslater,hegotanunexpectedcall.Thespokespersonsaid,“Bruce,we’rehappytotellyouthatwehavefoundyourmother.Becauseshedoesn’tspeakEnglish,you’dbetterfinda31.”Finally,Brucegottocommunicatewithhisbirthmother,whowascryingwith32.HelearnedthatitwasshewhohadgivenhimthenameBruce.Andhelater33therestauranthisbirthmotherhadownedfordecadesinJapanandfoundoutshehadnamedit“Bruce”.Brucecouldn’t34themovingwordsheheardwhenseeinghisbirthmotherforthefirsttimein45years.Helearnedthatlovecouldalwaysstandthetestof35anddistance.21．A．interested B．worried C．surprised D．a(chǎn)fraid22．A．working B．settling C．talking D．a(chǎn)rguing23．A．lookingfor B．dealingwith C．waitingfor D．caringabout24．A．suitable B．unique C．useful D．familiar25．A．ontime B．bychance C．onpurpose D．bymistake26．A．conversation B．meeting C．gathering D．discussion27．A．boring B．relaxing C．disappointing D．inspiring28．A．forced B．warned C．a(chǎn)llowed D．a(chǎn)dvised29．A．checked B．ignored C．lost D．collected30．A．Since B．Though C．Unless D．When31．A．friend B．translator C．teacher D．guide32．A．joy B．fear C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．a(chǎn)nger33．A．left B．designed C．visited D．ran34．A．forget B．believe C．remember D．explain35．A．money B．time C．class D．energy四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ourbrainischanging36(constant).Adultslosethousandsofbraincellseverydayaspartofthenaturalagingprocess.Buthereisgoodnews.Scientistsusedtothinkthatlostcellscouldn’t37(replace),butthelatestresearchshowstheywerewrong.Adultsevengeneratenewbraincellswellintotheireighties.However,thatdoesn’thappen38itsown.Youhavetohelpthisprocessalong.Thebrain39(account)forjust2percentoftotalbodyweight,40itrequiresuptoaround20percentofthebody’sbloodsupply.Why?Bloodcarriesoxygenandsugar,whicharethefuels41(need)tokeepallbraincellsworking.Bloodcirculationalsoremovesharmfulsubstances.Inshort,goodcirculationisvitaltobrainhealth.Ifyou’resufferingfrombrainfogorfinding42hardtoconcentrate,poorcirculationisprobablytoblame.Whatcanwedo?Oneoptionis43(take)awalk.Exercisecanboostthecirculationofbloodtothebrain.Thatiswhyexercisehasbeenlinkedwithmorenewideasandgreater44(creative).Nexttimeyouhitamentalblock,doyourbrainafavorandgoforawalknearyouroffice.Whenyougetbacktoyourdesk,makesureyou’resittingupstraightwithyourshouldersbackandyournecklong.That’sbyfarthe45(simple)wayofkeepingbloodflowingtoyourbrain.五、短文改錯46．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(/\)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。OurclasshadanmeaningfulandmemorableexperienceonMarch12.Inthemorning,webicycledtothesuburbtoplanttree,talkingbutlaughingalltheway.Uponarrival,webegantoworkimmediate.Somewerediggingholes.Somewerecarryingandplantedyoungtrees.Otherswerewateringthem.Afterallthework,aboardputuptoremindpeopletoprotectthetrees.Afterweleft,wetooksomephotostorecordtheirgreenaction.Seenthelinesoftrees,weallhadasenseofachievement.Wefeelit’sourdutytoprotectforourenvironment.六、建議信47．假定你叫李華，是一名光明中學的高中生。你發(fā)現(xiàn)你校校門口在上學放學高峰期交通堵塞特別嚴重。請你就此向英語報刊Teens專欄寫信，內(nèi)容包括：1.校門口的交通現(xiàn)狀；2.改變該現(xiàn)狀的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearSir/Madam,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．D2．B3．A【導語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個志愿者項目的情況以及要求。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分中“WhaleSharkObservation(ifspotted).(觀察鯨鯊（如發(fā)現(xiàn)的話）)”可知，如果運氣好，志愿者可以仔細觀察鯨鯊。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分中“Experiencethesailinglifeinoneoftheworld’sbestspotsforWatersports.(在世界上最好的水上運動地點之一體驗帆船生活)”可知，第勒尼安海是帆船運動的好地方而聞名。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WildlifeSupporter部分中“Makeadifferenceintherescue,rehabilitation(康復)andreleaseofwildlifegivingthemasecondchanceatbeingfreeandwildagain.(在野生動物的救援、康復和釋放方面發(fā)揮作用，給它們第二次重獲自由和野性的機會)”可知，WildlifeSupporter適合有醫(yī)療經(jīng)驗的義工參加。故選A。4．D5．C6．C7．B【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述了十八歲的Klingbeil因確診患有橫紋肌肉瘤，必須經(jīng)受一系列化療和輻射治療，以至于身體虛弱，不能再參加校田徑賽。但她非常懷念和隊友一起跑步時光，她的教練為了幫助她，讓她參加4*100接力賽并且跑最后一棒，接力賽當天，她做完化療去跑最后一棒，所有人為她歡呼鼓舞，為她的高中的田徑生涯畫上完美句號。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Klingbeil,18,hadtogothroughmonthsofchemotherapy(化療)andradiationtreatmentsafterherdiagnosis,whichlefthertooweaktocompete.(18歲的克林貝爾在診斷出癌癥后，不得不接受數(shù)月的化療和放射治療，這使得她身體虛弱，無法參加比賽)”可知，Klingbeil不能再繼續(xù)田徑生涯是因為患有癌癥，故選D。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Itoldhertoruntheanchorleg,whichisthefinallegoftherace,”saidCloutier.“Iwantedhertobeabletodoitonelasttime.”(克勞蒂爾說：“我告訴她跑錨腿，這是比賽的最后一段。”“我希望她能做最后一次。”)”可知，Klingbeil的教練讓她參加高中田徑生涯中最后一次接力賽，故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段““Thatwasagreatsurprise,”Klingbeilsaid,“Ifeelaccomplishedbecausecrossingthelinewasaperfectendofmyhighschooltrackcareer.”(“這是一個巨大的驚喜，”克林貝爾說，“我感到很有成就感，因為沖過終點線是我高中田徑生涯的完美結(jié)束?！?”可知，Klingbeil跑完比賽很有成就感，故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“CloutiersaidhehadwatchedKlingbeilgothroughhercancerbattlewiththatsamelevelofdetermination,saying“She’sworkedthroughthischallengeinherlifewithoutasinglecomplaintandwithasmileonherface.Everyonewhohaswitnessedhercanlearnalittlebitfromthat.”(克勞蒂爾說，他看到克林貝爾以同樣的決心與癌癥作斗爭，他說：“她克服了生命中的挑戰(zhàn)，沒有任何抱怨，臉上帶著微笑。每個目睹過她的人都能從中學到一點東西。”)”可知，Klingbeil是個有決心且樂觀的人，故選B。8．B9．A10．C11．D【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了裝飾蟹用海藻使自己看起來與其他螃蟹不同，這樣捕食者就不會認出它們。其中長鼻蜘蛛蟹對自己選擇的海藻非常挑剔，甚至還會回收利用!8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Onespecies,commonlycalledthelongnosespidercrab,takesdecoratingtoawholenewlevel.Theoceanfloorwascoveredinseaweed,butthesecrabswouldn’tusejustanykindtheyfound.‘Theywerevery,verypicky,andthingstheypickwerequiteuncommon.’saysDr.StachowiczoftheUniversityCalifornia.(其中一種，通常被稱為長鼻蜘蛛蟹，將裝飾提升到了一個全新的水平。海底覆蓋著海藻，但這些螃蟹不會隨意使用它們找到的任何一種海藻?！八麄兎浅７浅Ｌ籼蓿麄兲暨x的東西非常罕見?！奔又荽髮W的Stachowicz博士說)”可知，長鼻蜘蛛蟹與其他裝飾蟹的不同之處是他們會小心地挑選海藻。故選B項。9．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thesecrabswerechoosingtodecoratethemselveswithseaweedthathasapeppery-tasting(胡椒味)chemicalinit.Mostfishfindthischemicalunappetizing.(這些螃蟹選擇用含有辣椒味化學物質(zhì)的海藻來裝飾自己。大多數(shù)魚覺得這種化學物質(zhì)unappetizing)”和“Butbycarefullychoosingthepepperyseaweed,thesedecoratorcrabslooklesstastyandpredatorsavoidthem.(但通過仔細選擇辛辣的海藻，這些裝飾蟹看起來不那么美味，食肉動物會避開它們)”可推知，這些螃蟹會選擇含有辣椒味化學物質(zhì)的海藻，讓食肉動物會避開它們。由此推知，大多數(shù)魚會覺得這種化學物質(zhì)沒有吸引力。劃線詞unappetizing與unattractive同義。故選A項。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Henoticedthatlongnosespidercrabswouldgrabapieceofseaweedandtakealittlebite.Sometimestheywouldjusteattheseaweed.Othertimes,theywouldreachbackandattachthepiecetothesmallhairsontheirback.Thesecrabswerechoosingtodecoratethemselveswithseaweedthathasapeppery-tasting(胡椒味)chemicalinit.Mostfishfindthischemicalunappetizing.(他注意到長鼻蜘蛛蟹會抓住一片海藻，咬一小口。有時他們會直接吃海藻。其他時候，它們會把手伸到背上，把碎片粘在背上的小毛上。這些螃蟹選擇用含有辣味化學物質(zhì)的海藻來裝飾自己。大多數(shù)魚覺得這種化學物質(zhì)沒有胃口)”可知，長鼻蜘蛛蟹更喜歡魚類通常不喜歡的海藻。故選C項。11．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“That’saproblemforcrabs.Howcantheystayoffthedinnermenu?Onetypeofcrab,knownasthedecoratorcrab,hasfoundacleversolution.It“decorates”itself.Decoratorcrabsuseseaweedtochangetheirappearancessothatpredators(捕食者)willnotrecognizethem.(這對螃蟹來說是個問題。他們怎么能從晚餐菜單上消失呢?一種被稱為裝飾蟹的螃蟹找到了一個聰明的解決方案。它“裝飾”自己。裝飾蟹用海藻來改變它們的外表，這樣捕食者就認不出它們了)”可知，本文主要介紹了裝飾蟹用海藻來改變它們的外表，從而達到迷惑捕食者的目的，這是一種聰明的做法。所以D項“ACrab’sCleverClothes(螃蟹的聰明偽裝)”是最佳標題。故選D項。12．A13．D14．C15．A【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了美國著名提琴研究和制作大師卡琳·哈欽斯。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butshewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeviolashebought.Sinceshewasaskilledwoodworker,shedecidedtobuildoneherself.(但她對自己買的中提琴并不滿意。因為她是一個熟練的木工，她決定自己做一個)”可知，哈欽斯開始制作弦樂器，因為她希望能制作出更好的中提琴。故選A。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Sheusedascientificmethodtocarvethem.Overtheyears,shemadearound500instruments.Hermethodisstillused.Ithelpsluthierscarvehigh-qualitystringedinstruments.(她用科學的方法雕刻它們。多年來，她制作了大約500件樂器。她的方法至今仍在沿用。它幫助琴師雕刻出高質(zhì)量的弦樂器)”可推知，哈欽斯是弦樂器制作領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)。故選D。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theychangeinsizeandtone(音調(diào)).(它們的大小和音調(diào)會發(fā)生變化)”及第五段中的“Hutchinscreatedafamilyofeightviolinsthatplayallthenotesapianoplays.(哈欽斯創(chuàng)造了一個由八把小提琴組成的家庭，可以演奏鋼琴能演奏的所有音符)”可知，與傳統(tǒng)的小提琴家族不同，小提琴八重奏可以產(chǎn)生更豐富的聲音。故選C。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的““Herstoryisabouthowonepersoncannotonlymakeadifference,”saysWhitney,“butcanchangeawholeworld.”(“她的故事講述的是一個人如何不僅能有所作為，”惠特尼說，“還可以改變整個世界?！?”可推知，惠特尼對哈欽斯非常的尊重。故選A。16．G17．A18．F19．D20．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了食物垃圾降解的常識以及它的危害和如何處理食物垃圾。16．根據(jù)下文“Itcouldtakeyearstobiodegrade,endangeranimals,orevenputotherpeopleatrisk.”（可能需要數(shù)年的時間才能生物降解，危及動物，甚至使其他人處于危險之中）可知，空處在講食物垃圾造成的危害性。故G選項“但食物垃圾造成的損害比你想象的要大得多”切題。故選G項。17．根據(jù)下文“Butfewerpeopleareawarethatfoodwastelikeorangeandbananapeelscantakeuptotwoyearstobreakdowninthewild.”（但很少有人知道像橘子和香蕉皮這樣的食物垃圾在野外可能需要兩年才能分解）可知，選項與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明大多數(shù)人都了解食物是可以降解的。故A選項“大多數(shù)人都知道食物垃圾是可生物降解的”切題。故選A項。18．根據(jù)上文“Thiscancause“attractionbehavior”,whichreferstohumanactionsthatcauseanimalstoovercometheirnaturalcautionofpeople.”（這會導致“吸引行為”，這是指人類的行為會導致動物克服對人的自然謹慎）可知，選項承接上文這種吸引行為產(chǎn)生的不良后果。故F選項“這種吸引行為很快就會變得危險”切題。故選F項。19．根據(jù)上文“Foodwastebytheroadsidemaycauseanimalsdeathsbecausewildlifeattractedtothatfoodcanbehitbyavehicle.”（路邊的食物垃圾可能會導致動物死亡，因為被食物吸引的野生動物可能會被車輛撞到）可知，選項與上文為并列關(guān)系，說明路邊的食物垃圾對動物產(chǎn)生的危害。故D選項“食物本身也會使動物生病甚至死亡”切題。故選D項。20．根據(jù)下文“Topreventanyoftheseunwelcomeeffects,thebestthingtodoistostoreanddealwithfoodwastewell.”（為了防止這些不受歡迎的影響，最好的辦法是妥善儲存和處理食物垃圾）可知，本段在說要儲存好食物垃圾。故B選項“儲存好食物垃圾”切題，為本段的標題。故選B項。21．A22．C23．A24．C25．B26．A27．C28．D29．D30．B31．B32．A33．C34．A35．B【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了BruceHollywood在一次心臟病發(fā)作后，開始尋找自己的日本生母。在一個日本軍人的幫助下，Bruce和他的生母取得了聯(lián)系，他的生母非常高興。Bruce無法忘記45年來第一次見到生母時聽到的感人話語。他明白了愛總是經(jīng)得起時間和距離的考驗的。21．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他一直沒有興趣，直到他心臟病發(fā)作，那時他意識到他遺憾從來沒有和他的生母說過話。A.interested感興趣的；B.worried擔心的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.afraid害怕的。根據(jù)后文“untilhehadaheartattack,whenherealizedthatheregrettednever____2____withhisbirthmother.”可知，BruceHollywood直到心臟病發(fā)作后才開始尋找生母，說明之前對此一直沒有興趣。故選A。22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.working工作；B.settling解決；C.talking談話；D.arguing爭論。根據(jù)后文“Finally,Brucegottocommunicatewithhisbirthmother,whowascryingwith____12____.”的提示可知，此處Bruce指從來沒和生母說過話。故選C。23．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他一康復就開始尋找他的生母。A.lookingfor尋找；B.dealingwith處理；C.waitingfor等待；D.caringabout關(guān)心。根據(jù)后文“HecalledtheJapaneseEmbassy(大使館)”可知，他開始尋找日本生母，故選A。24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他給日本大使館打了電話，但沒有得到有用的信息，這讓他很不高興。A.suitable合適的；B.unique獨特的；C.useful有用的；D.familiar熟悉的。根據(jù)后文“whichmadehimreallyunhappy”可知，沒有得到有用的信息，所以不開心。故選C。25．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：幸運的是，他在飛機上偶然遇到了一位軍人。A.ontime準時；B.bychance偶然地；C.onpurpose故意地；D.bymistake錯誤地。根據(jù)空前“Luckily,hemetanarmymanontheplane”可知，軍人是飛機上偶然認識的。故選B。26．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們隨意地交談了一會兒。A.conversation對話；B.meeting會議；C.gathering聚集；D.discussion討論。根據(jù)后文“themansaidhewassorrytohearthat”可知，兩人在飛機上進行了對話。故選A。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當Bruce提到他令人失望的搜索結(jié)果時，那人說聽到這個消息他很難過。A.boring無聊的；B.relaxing放松的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.inspiring鼓舞人心的。根據(jù)上文“HecalledtheJapaneseEmbassy(大使館),buttherewasno____4____information,whichmadehimreallyunhappy.”可知，Bruce沒有在大使館找到有用信息，結(jié)果令人失望。故選C。28．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他建議Bruce把他收集到的所有信息都給他，并告訴他，他會幫助他。A.forced強迫；B.warned警告；C.allowed允許；D.advised建議。根據(jù)空后“Brucetogivehimalltheinformation”可知，此處指軍人提出建議，建議Bruce把他收集到的所有信息都給他，故選D。29．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.checked檢查；B.ignored忽視；C.lost丟失；D.collected收集。根據(jù)下文“andtoldhimhewouldhelphim”可知，此處指把收集到的信息給這個軍人，軍人將會幫助他尋找生母。故選D。30．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然Bruce的期望很低，但他還是聽了那個人的話。A.Since自從，因為；B.Though雖然；C.Unless除非；D.When當……時候。根據(jù)后文“Brucehadalowexpectation,hefollowedwhatthemansaid.”可知，此句中前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處引導讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然”應(yīng)用though。故選B。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因為她不會說英語，你最好找個翻譯。A.friend朋友；B.translator翻譯家；C.teacher老師；D.guide指導。根據(jù)上文“Becauseshedoesn’tspeakEnglish”可知，生母不會說英語，需要翻譯。故選B。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，Bruce和他的生母取得了聯(lián)系，他的生母高興得哭了。A.joy快樂；B.fear恐懼；C.anxiety焦慮；D.anger憤怒。根據(jù)上文“Finally,Brucegottocommunicatewithhisbirthmother”可知，生母和Bruce團聚，因此是喜極而泣，joy符合語境。故選A。33．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來他參觀了他生母在日本開了幾十年的餐廳，發(fā)現(xiàn)她給餐廳取名為“Bruce”。A.left離開；B.designed設(shè)計；C.visited拜訪；參觀；D.ran跑，經(jīng)營。根據(jù)后文“foundoutshehadnamedit“Bruce””可知，Bruce參觀了生母的餐廳，故選C。34．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Bruce無法忘記45年來第一次見到生母時聽到的感人話語。A.forget忘記；B.believe相信；C.remember記得；D.explain解釋。根據(jù)后文“themovingwordsheheardwhenseeinghisbirthmotherforthefirsttimein45years”可知，此處指生母感人的話語，讓Bruce難以忘記。故選A。35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他明白了愛總是經(jīng)得起時間和距離的考驗。A.money錢；B.time時間；C.class課程；D.energy能量。根據(jù)上文“forthefirsttimein45years”可知，此處指Bruce明白了愛總是經(jīng)得起時間和距離的考驗的。故選B。36．constantly37．bereplaced38．on39．a(chǎn)ccounts40．but/yet41．needed42．it43．totake44．creativity45．simplest【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述保持大腦的活躍的關(guān)鍵——增加血液循環(huán)及其原因。36．考查副詞。句意：我們的大腦一直在變化。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為副詞作狀語修飾動詞change，constant的副詞為constantly意為“總是，一直”。故填constantly。37．考查被動語態(tài)。句意：科學家們過去認為失去的細胞無法被替換，但最新的研究表明他們錯了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動詞原形，replace與主語lostcells之間為被動關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)使用被動形式bereplaced。故填bereplaced。38．考查介詞。句意：然而，這不會自己發(fā)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為固定短語onone’swon意為“靠自己”符合句意。故填on。39．考查謂語動詞。句意：大腦只占體重的2%，但它需要的血液供應(yīng)卻高達全身的20%左右。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為謂語動詞，根據(jù)空后句子的謂語動詞requires以及句意可知，此處講述的是客觀事實，所以使用一般現(xiàn)在時，且與句子主語thebrain之間為主動關(guān)系，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填accounts。40．考查連詞。句意：大腦只占體重的2%，但它需要的血液供應(yīng)卻高達全身的20%左右。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為連詞連接兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合句意可知，空前與空后的內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以使用連詞but或yet。故填but/yet。41．考查非謂語動詞。句意：為什么?血液攜帶氧氣和糖，這是保持所有腦細胞工作所需的燃料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動詞作定語，need與所修飾詞fuels之間為被動關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞形式。故填needed。42．考查代詞。句意：如果你患有腦霧或難以集中注意力，可能是血液循環(huán)不良造成的。分析句