組織學與胚胎學17皮膚(中英)

Skin

皮膚11.GeneraldescriptionStructure：Skin：Epidermis表皮&dermis真皮Appendages附屬器官:

Hair，nails,sebaceousgland，sweatgland.*

HypodermisFunction:1.

Protectionfrominjuriesormicroorganisms.2.Sensitiveorgan(feelingpain,temperature,touch&pressure).

3.

Regulationthebalanceofwater,electrolyte&temperatureofbody.2Epidermis

表皮

Dermis真皮Hypodermis皮下組織

CornifiedlayerClearlayerGranularlayerSpinouslayerBasallayerSweatglandductSmallveinNerveLamellarcorpuscle32.Epidermis

表皮

(1)Construction

：角化的復層扁平上皮KeratinizedstratifiedsquamousepitheliumKeratinocyte

Bascallayer

角質(zhì)形成細胞

Spinouslayer

Granularlayer

Clearlayer

Cornifiedlayer

non-MelanocytesKeratinizedLangerhanscells

cellMerkelcells非角質(zhì)形成細胞4A.Keratinocyte角質(zhì)形成細胞

cornifiedlayer角質(zhì)層clearlayer透明層granularlayer顆粒層spinouslayer棘層basallayer基底層5Basallayer:基底層LM:onelayer,restonB.M.,basophilic,showingmitoticfig.

EM:ribosome,tono-filaments張力絲(keratinfilaments,K.F.),角蛋白絲desmosome&hemidesmosome.6Spinouslayer:棘層LM:5-10layers,polygonal.EM:

bundledK.F.;lamellatedgranules(L.G.)板層顆粒w/parallellamellae,containingglycolipid糖脂&steroid膽固醇spinousprocesses

棘狀突起connectedbydesmosomes橋粒.7棘細胞電鏡像8板層顆粒電鏡像9Granularlayer:顆粒層LM:3-5layers,spindle,basophilic,degeneratingnu.&organells核和細胞器退化EM:

KeratohyalinG透明角質(zhì)顆粒(nomembrane,containingpro.),K.Gw/penetratedbundledK.F.=keratin;.AbundantL.G板層顆粒(excreteintointercellularspacetostrengthenthecellconnection&thickenthecellmembrane).1011Clearlayer:透明層LM:3-4layers,flattened,

transparent.EM:sameascornifiedlayerCornifiedlayer:角質(zhì)層LM:thick,flattened,acidophilic(red),continuouslyshed.EM:

noNu.&organelles,fullofkeratin角蛋白,thickenedmembrane,degenerateddesmosomes(surfacelayers).12表皮光鏡圖13

表皮由基底層到角質(zhì)層的變化過程，是角蛋白形成細胞增殖、分化、移動和脫落的過程，也是生成角蛋白和角化的過程。小結(jié)14B.Non-keratinocyte非角蛋白形成細胞

(1)Melanocyte黑素細胞Location:basallayerLM:roundbodyw/pale-stainingcytoplasm&longbranchedprocesses15Melanosome黑素體Tyrosinetyrosinase

melaninmelaningranule黑素顆粒fullofmelaninFunctionEM:richinrER,r.,Gl.,Mt.&Mf.,melanosomes黑素體（膜包小體）containingtyrosinase酪氨酸酶.16黑素細胞Function:生成melanin(黑色素)→轉(zhuǎn)移到角質(zhì)形成細胞，保護；決定皮膚顏色。17(2)Langerhanscells:郎格漢斯細胞Location:amongspinouscells18E.M.:Processes,lobednuclear,nokeratinfilamentanddesmosomes.specialgranules(Birbeckgranules)(伯貝克顆粒)19郎格漢斯細胞（EM）伯貝克顆粒20郎格漢斯細胞胞質(zhì)電鏡像(↑伯貝克顆粒)21Function:atypeofantigenpresentingcellinskin.Identify,bindandprocessforeignantigens.在對抗侵入皮膚的病原生物、監(jiān)視癌變細胞和排斥移植的異體組織中起重要作用22

(3)Merkelcells:梅克爾細胞Location:amongbasalcellsEM:shortprocesses,lobednuclear,densecorevesicles致密核心小泡,chemicalsynapse突觸b/wthecellbaseandnerveending.Function:perceptionofstimulation接受機械刺激/induceandregulatethegrowthofnervefiberinskin?

MerkelcellNerveendingBasalcell23梅克爾細胞電鏡像243.Dermis真皮Papillarlayer:乳頭層thinL.C.T→dermalpapillae(真皮乳頭)c.t.w/finecollagenousf.&morecells(mastcells,macrophages&leukocytes),capillaries,freenerveendings&tactilecorpuscles.觸覺小體Function:

strengtheningconnection;touchfeeling;nourishment.252.Reticularlayer:

網(wǎng)織層Densec.t.:bundledcollagenousf.&moreelasticf.,fewercells,Sweatglands(汗腺),

Sebaceousglands(皮脂腺),Hairfolliciles(毛囊)&lamellatedcorpuscles(環(huán)層小體).3.Hypodermis皮下組織:

Adiposetissue26皮下組織：疏松結(jié)締組織＋脂肪組織27CutaneousAccessoryStructure

皮膚的附屬器1.Hair

毛

hairshafthairroothairfollicle

毛囊hairSebaceousglandsweatglandhairpapillahairbulb28hairshafthairrootepithelialrootsheathctsheathhairpapillahairshaftandhairroot毛干和毛根：為角化的上皮，細胞內(nèi)充滿角蛋白并含黑素顆粒hairfollicle毛囊：內(nèi)層為上皮性鞘，與表皮相連；外層為結(jié)締組織性鞘，由致密結(jié)締組織構(gòu)成29Hairbulb毛球：毛根和毛囊下端合為一體、膨大形成；是毛和毛囊的生長點hairfollicle毛乳頭：結(jié)締組織在毛球底面突入毛球，富含毛細血管；對毛生長起營養(yǎng)作用,毛乳頭對毛的生長起誘導作用arrectorpilimuscle立毛?。号c皮膚表面成鈍角的一束平滑肌,連接毛囊和真皮;收縮使毛發(fā)豎立30arrectorpillimuscle31毛根、毛囊、毛球、毛乳頭光鏡像32332.Sebaceousgland皮脂腺

Alveoli泡狀腺:

:

Alayerofsmallerimmaturecellatperiphery,possessactiveproliferatingability;thecentralcellsarekaryopyknosis核固縮,fulloflipiddroplet,&excretesebumbyholocrin.近導管處腺細胞解體排出

Duct導管:shorter,openatthesuperiorsegmentofhairfollicle毛囊.

Function:softenskinandkillbacteria.分泌皮脂，潤滑皮膚343.Sweatgland汗腺(1)Merocrinesweatgland:局泌汗腺Simplecoiledtubulargland.單曲管狀腺Secretoryportion分泌部:simplepyramidalcell,W/myo-epithelialcellb/wcell&basallamina.Ductportion導管部:

twolayersof

cuboidalepithelialcells,intenselystain,openatswea