高考英語(yǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練掌握主旨大意課件

高考閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練welcometoourclass高三（3）高考閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練welcometoourclass1英語(yǔ)高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求要求考生讀懂簡(jiǎn)易的英語(yǔ)文學(xué)作品、科普文章、公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文章并回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題?？忌鷳?yīng)能：2、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義3、對(duì)文中具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解4、對(duì)作者的意圖進(jìn)行推理和判斷

１、掌握文章的主旨大意英語(yǔ)高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求要求考生讀懂簡(jiǎn)易的英語(yǔ)文21.Thesubject/topicoftheparagraph（passage/article）is

.2.Theparagraph（text／passage）dealswith____.

3.Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is______.4.Whatdoesthepassage/authordiscuss?5.Theunderlinedword(phrase)inthepassagemeans___.6.Fromtheparagraph(text)weknowthat___.7.Theparagraph(passage)couldbeentitled___.8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Canyoutellmewhichquestionformsbelongtogettingthemainidea?1.Thesubject/topicofthepar3方法一：主題句定位法怎樣掌握文章的主旨大意？主題句的位置Howtogetthemainideaofpassages?方法一：主題句定位法怎樣掌握文章的主旨大意？主題句的位置Ho4Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?（2011山東卷）主題句位置Exercise1.主題句在開頭主題句位置Exercise1.主題句在開頭5

ExercisePeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven‘teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti（意大利細(xì)面條）,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--food:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（2009湖北卷）

6Forexample,thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffed(毛絨的)pandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.(2011安徽卷)Exercisefirst,second,tobeginwith,first,foronething…Forexample,Forexample,the7Oneofthemostimportantusesofgoldisformoney.Goldcanbeusedtomakerings,earrings，andotherthings，Goldisalsousedtomakeagoldleaf,averyflatribbonofgoldthatisoftenusedonpictureframes(框架).Cupsanddishescanalsobemadefromgold.Goldhasmanyuses.(2012江蘇卷)

主題句位置Exercise

2.主題句在結(jié)尾Oneofthemostimportantuses8Exercise

Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocratic（民主的）discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.(2011福建卷)Exercise9Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.(2009浙江卷)

onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore…ExerciseSoOftennoonel10

Peoplewholiveincountrieswithmanydoctorsandmodernhospitalsareworld’shealthiestpeople--right？Notnecessarily.Somegroupsofpeoplewhohavenodoctorsorhospitalsatallareamongtheworld’shealthiest.Forexample，peoplewholiveonsmall,farawayislandsgetveryfewdiseasesbecausetherearenooutsiders(外人)tobringingerms(病菌)ornewillness.(2011陜西卷)

主題句的位置Exercise

3.主題句在中間Peoplewholiveincountri11Exercise

Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofacloset（壁櫥）iseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfire(篝火)hasbeenout.(2012重慶卷)

Exercise12Joeishappyaboutbeingonabowlingteamthatbowlsonceaweek.Healsoenjoysplayingbasketballtwiceamonth.Duringthesummer，hetriestoplaybaseballonweekends.Joereallydoesenjoyallsportsactivities.Hegoesswimmingasoftenashecan.Wheneverhecan’tparticipate(參加)directly，helovestowatchafootballgameoragolfortennismatch.

（2011遼寧卷）ExerciseJoeishappyaboutbeing13

Goodmannersareimportantinallcountries，butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.

Americanseatwithknivesandforks,Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen；Japanesemendonot.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.(2010河南卷)主題句的位置Exercise4.主題句在段首和段尾主題句的位置Exercise14

SuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten(咬)bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(傷口)thatledmetothiscareer,”hesaid.

“IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted‘Bringmetheknife!’Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.”

“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes,”Susaid.

（2012安徽卷)ExerciseExercise15

Anant(螞蟻)canpickupanobjectmorethanfiftytimesitsownweight.Abeecanpullaloadmorethanonehundredandfiftytimesitsweight.Ifwewereasstronginproportion(比例)tooursize,wecouldpullafive-tontruck？Ifwehadthejumpingabilityofagrasshopper(蚱蜢)，wecouldleapathirdthelengthofafootballfield?。?010山東卷）

animal’sstrength主題句的位置Exercise

5．無(wú)主題句Anant(螞蟻)canpickupan16TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.Hetransferred(轉(zhuǎn)學(xué))totheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors(優(yōu)等成績(jī)).HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground(背景）.Heispresentlyacorporation(大公司)lawyerinMiami,Florida..（2012重慶卷）A.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.ExerciseB.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.

Tomstudiedfouryears17方法二：從段落中尋找高頻率詞

任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。方法二：從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一18

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals(間隔).Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofing(防水的)coveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcrete(混凝土的)lining(內(nèi)層).

Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain(消防用水管),whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.（2011全國(guó)卷）Aspartoftheprojec19

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnels

Thepassageismainlyab20Therearemanyadvantagesforthesocialsciencemajorbecausethishigh-tech"InformationAge"demandspeoplewhoareflexible(靈活的)andwhohavegoodcommunicationskills.

Therearemanysocialsciencemajorsinlargecompanieswhofillimportantpositions.Forexample,anumberofresearchstudiesfoundthatsocialsciencemajorshadachievedgreatermanagerialsuccessthanthosewhohadtechnicaltrainingorpre-professionalcourses.Studiesshowthatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchange,whichistheleadingfeature(特點(diǎn))ofthekindofhighspeed,high-pressure,high-techworldwenowlivein.

Socialsciencemajorsarenotonlyexperiencingsuccessintheirlong-termcompanyjobs,buttheyarealsofindingjobsmoreeasily.Astudyshowedthatmanycompanieshadfilledalargepercentageoftheirentry-levelpositionswithsocialsciencegraduates.Thestudyalsoshowedthatthemostsought-afterqualityinapersonwhowaslookingforajobwascommunicationskills,notedas"veryimportant"by92percentofthecompanies.Socialsciencemajorshavetheseskills,oftenwithoutknowinghowimportanttheyare.Finally,althoughsomesocialsciencemajorsmaystillfinditmoredifficultthantheirtechnicallytrainedclassmatestolandthefirstjob,recentgraduatesreportthattheydon‘tregrettheirchoiceofstudy.（2009全國(guó)卷）Therearemanyadvanta21

.

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.socialsciencegraduatecanfindjobeasily.B.socialsciencegraduatecan’tfindjobeasily.C.socialsciencemajorshavemanyadvantages.D.socialsciencemajorshaven’tmanyadvantages.C.

Thepassageismainlyabout22FinishthefollowinginpairsFinishthefollowing23Exercise1

Rats(鼠)arestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedby.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld.

（2012江西卷）Thisparagraphmainlytellsus

.A.thatweareshortofgrainbecauseofratsB.whyratsarestillanenemyofpeopleC.howratsdestroyourfoodD.whyratscausediseaseBExercise1B24Exercise2①M(fèi)agellan’s(麥哲倫)menwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.

②MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.(木屑)FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope(好望角).BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.

③Magellan’svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.（2012遼寧卷）

Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Magellan’sdeathB.GoingAroundTheWorldC.TheWorldIsRoundD.Magellan’sVoyageExercise225

①M(fèi)agellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.

②MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithf