大學(xué)英語四級寫作專題講解課件

大學(xué)英語四級寫作專題大學(xué)英語四級寫作專題一、文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)二、寫作實例分析四級作文解析一、文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)四級作文解析文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)概論文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)寫作的三段論模式文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)概論一、概論文章是由段落構(gòu)成，而段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主題句、支撐句和結(jié)尾句所構(gòu)成，它的具體結(jié)構(gòu)可以用以下的圖表加以表示：1/2一、概論文章是由段落構(gòu)成，而段落的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主題句、支撐句二、文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2/2二、文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2/2寫作的三段論模式大學(xué)英語四級寫作通常采用三段論模式，即：開頭段(introduction)主體段(bodyparagraph)結(jié)尾段(conclusion)寫作的三段論模式大學(xué)英語四級寫作通常采用三段論模式，即：(一)開頭段開頭段概論常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法開頭段的常用核心句型(一)開頭段開頭段概論開頭段概論對于大學(xué)英語四級的寫作考題來說，限于篇幅，其開頭段一般都不長。然而，這寥寥幾句話卻占有十分重要的地位，它表達(dá)的是整篇文章的主題思想。在議論文中，我們稱之為中心論點，它起到駕馭全文的作用。一個意義清晰、明確的開頭段，將有助于讀者理解全文；一個精彩、新穎的開頭段還能激起讀者的閱讀欲望。開頭段概論對于大學(xué)英語四級的寫作考題來說，限于篇幅，其開頭段常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法使用引語（useaquotation）引用具體或粗略的數(shù)據(jù)（usefiguresorstatistics）提出問題（askaquestion）給出具體實例或報道（offerrelevantexamplesorreports）定義法（givedefinition）主題句法（useoftopicsentence）常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法使用引語（useaquotatio常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●使用引語（useaquotation）

使用一段名人名言，或人們常用的諺語、習(xí)語，以確定文章的寫作范圍和方向。

如：

“Greatmindsmustbereadynotonlytotaketheopportunity,buttomakethem.”Colton,agreatwriteronceremarked.Butitstillhasaprofoundsignificancenow.Toaperson,inwhoselifetimeopportunitiesarenotmany,tomakeopportunitiesismoreessentialtohissuccess.

分析：開頭引用Colton的名言說明“創(chuàng)造機會”對于成功的重要性，點明主題。常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●使用引語（useaquotat常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●引用具體或粗略的數(shù)據(jù)（usefiguresorstatistics）

當(dāng)然對于圖表題型，該種方法是必須的選擇，具體做法是給出一些具體或粗略的數(shù)據(jù)，然后作出概括性分析，點明主題或引出需要論述的問題。

如：

Asisdemonstratedinthetable,moreandmorecollegegraduatesareoutofajobinourcountry,whichisaseriousproblemtooureconomicdevelopmentandsocialsecurity.Itisestimatedthatin2004,thereare500,000unemployedgraduates,morethan30%higherthanin2002.

分析：文章引用2004年找不到工作的畢業(yè)生達(dá)到50萬這一數(shù)據(jù)來說明大學(xué)生找工作難這一現(xiàn)象的嚴(yán)重性，很有說服力。常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●引用具體或粗略的數(shù)據(jù)（usefi常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●提出問題（askaquestion）

提出有爭議或探討性的具體問題，然后加以簡要回答或展開引導(dǎo)性簡短討論。

如：

Whatdoyouwantfromyourwork?Money,Promotions,Interestingchallenges,Continuallearning,Work-basedfriendships,Theopportunitytodevelopyourownideaandpotentials.

Thoughweareallindividualsandsoouranswerswilldiffer,allagreethatworkprovidemorethanmaterialthings.

分析：文章開頭提出“你想從工作中得到什么”這一問題，然后自問自答，指出工作除了物質(zhì)利益，還可以給我們帶來很多其它收獲這一結(jié)論。常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●提出問題（askaquestio常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●給出具體實例或報道（offerrelevantexamplesorreports）

如：

Asregardsthestressforcollegestudents,therehasbeenaheateddiscussionamongthepublicinthesociety.Itwasreportedthatastudentkilledfourofhisclassmatesjustbecauseofatrivialmatter.Itcanbeeasilyseenthatpressurehasbecomeaseriousissuewecannotneglect.

分析：文章通過引用新聞報道的一個實例，說明了大學(xué)生心理問題的嚴(yán)重性。常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●給出具體實例或報道（offerre常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●定義法（givedefinition）

針對討論的主題或問題加以定義，然后進(jìn)行深入探討。

如：

Asweallknow,practicemakesperfect.Thisisanaccumulatedexperienceweinheritfromourforefathers,andnowitisstillwidelyappliedtoourdailylife.Itmeansthatthemorewepractice,themorelikelywearegoingtodothingsperfectly.

分析：文章用Itmeansthat這一句型，說明了practicemakesperfect的含義。常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●定義法（givedefinitio常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●主題句法（useoftopicsentence）

文章一開始就以主題句點明全文主題，然后圍繞主題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行發(fā)展。

如：

NowadaysoneoftheseriousproblemsChinaisfacedwithistheincreasingilliteracyamongtheadolescents.AccordingtoarecentsurveybyDr.Li,deanofEducationalDepartmentofBeijingNormalUniversity,about18%ofthechildrenbetween8and15yearsoldhavedroppedoutofschoolacrossthecountry.

分析：文章開頭即提出中國的文盲現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重這一問題，然后再用實例數(shù)據(jù)加以佐證。常用的開頭段的表達(dá)方法●主題句法（useoftopic開頭段的常用核心句型●Asopposedtogenerallyacceptedviews,Ibelievethat…

●Thearguermayberightabout…,butheseemstoneglecttomentionthefactthat….

●Althoughitiscommonlyagreedthat…,itisunlikelytobetruethat….

●Thereisanelementoftruthinthisstatement,butitignoresadeeperandmorebasicfactthat….

●Inallthediscussionanddebateover…,oneimportantfactisgenerallyoverlooked.

開頭段的常用核心句型●Asopposedtogen開頭段的常用核心句型●Onthesurface（Atfirstthought）,it（this）mayseemasound（anattractive）suggestion（solution/idea）,butcarefulweighingonthemind（oncloseranalysis/onsecondthought）,wefindthat…

●Althoughmanypeoplebelievethat…,I

wonderwhethertheargumentbearsmuchanalysis.

開頭段的常用核心句型●Onthesurface（At開頭段的常用核心句型●Thedanger（problem/fact/truth/point）isthat….

●IagreewiththeabovestatementbecauseIbelievethat….●Thereisapubliccontroversynowadaysovertheissueof….Thosewhoobjectto…

arguethat….Butpeoplewhofavor…,ontheotherhand,arguethat….

開頭段的常用核心句型●Thedanger（proble開頭段的常用核心句型●Currently（Inrecentyears/Inthepastfewyears/Formanyyearsnow）,thereis（has

been）a（n）general（widespread/growing/widelyheld）feelingtowards（concernover/attitudetowards/trendtowards/awarenessof/realizationof/illusionof/beliefin）….

●AsfarasIamconcerned,however,Ibelievethat….

●Nowitiscommonly（widely/generally/increasingly）believed（thought/held/

accepted/felt/recognized/acknowledged）that….ButIwonder（doubt）whether…開頭段的常用核心句型●Currently（Inrece(二)主體段主體段概述主體段段落擴充方法(二)主體段主體段概述主體段概述主體段的寫作方法是多種多樣的，而不同的方法會產(chǎn)生不同的效果，不同的方法需用不同的組織形式。因此，在動筆之前，必須先選擇好所采用的方法，然后根據(jù)自己所選的方法確定相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，才能把文章寫好。主體段概述主體段的寫作方法是多種多樣的，而不同的方法會產(chǎn)生不主體段段落擴充方法一、列舉法（Listing）二、舉例法（Exemplification）三、分類法（Classification）四、比較對照法（ComparisonandContrast）五、因果法（CauseandEffect）主體段段落擴充方法一、列舉法（Listing）列舉法（Listing）定義也叫枚舉法。是一種在主題句中提出論點，然后列舉一系列論據(jù)或原因?qū)χ黝}進(jìn)行論證或闡述的方法。列舉的順序可以按照所列各點內(nèi)容的相對重要性、時間、空間順序等進(jìn)行。列舉法（Listing）定義也叫枚舉法。是一種在主題句中提出列舉法作文例子Togetthemostoutofyourtextbookyoushouldfollowseveralstepsverycarefully.First,youshouldmakeapreliminarysurveyofeachbooktogetageneralideaofwhatthebookcontains.Second,youshouldreadfordeeperunderstandingandformulatequestionsasyouread.Next,makenotesofthemajorpointofeachchapter.Then,testyourselftobesurethatyoucananswerquestionslikelytoberaisedinclassorinexaminations.Finally,reviewyournotesandrereadanypartsofthebookthatareuncleartoyou.列舉法作文例子Togetthemostoutof常用于列舉法的過渡連接詞first,second,third,etc.;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;firstofall,firstandforemost;tobeginwith,tostartwith;foronething,foranother;also,besides,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,whatismore;aboveall;next;beyondthat;initially;eventually,lastbutnotleast…..常用于列舉法的過渡連接詞first,second,thi舉例法（Exemplification）定義作者通過舉出具體事例來闡述、說明主題句的內(nèi)容。嚴(yán)格地講，舉例法也是列舉法的一種，它們的區(qū)別在于：列舉法側(cè)重羅列事實，所列事實力求全面；而舉例法側(cè)重通過舉出典型事例來解釋作者的觀點，且事例可多可少。舉例法（Exemplification）定義作者通過舉出具體舉例法作文例子Therearemanydifferentformsofexercisestosuitdifferenttastes.Forexample,thosewhoenjoycompetitivesportsmaytakeupballgames.Foranotherexample,iftheyprefertoexercisealone,theycanhavearunortakeawalkinthemorningorintheevening.Besides,peoplecangoswimminginthesummerandgoskatinginthewinter.Inshort,nomatterwhattheirinterestsare,peoplecanalwaysfindmorethanonesportthatissuitabletothem.舉例法作文例子Therearemanydifferen舉例法中常見的過渡性詞語forexample,forinstance,asanexample,asanillustration,suchas,acaseinpointis,toillustrate,inparticular,specifically,say,next,namely,thatis,like,take…asanexample,tonamejustafew,etc.舉例法中常見的過渡性詞語forexample,for分類法(Classification)定義在闡述某一概念的段落中，常用分類法。通過對概念中所包括的事物進(jìn)行分門別類地敘述，使讀者有更為清晰的認(rèn)識。分類法(Classification)定義在闡述某一概念的段分類法作文例子Eversincehumanshavelivedontheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech,whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Touristsandthepeopleunabletohearorspeakhavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareveryvividandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.Otherformsoflanguagecanbefoundinsignalflags,Morsecodeandpicturesigns.分類法作文例子Eversincehumanshave常見的用以分類的詞語動詞：sort(into),divide(into),classify,group,fallinto,etc.名詞：sorts,classes,groups,categories,types,kinds,aspects,etc.常見的用以分類的詞語動詞：sort(into),div比較對照法(ComparisonandContrast)定義比較對照法由比較和對照兩部分組成，但兩者往往一起用以闡述兩者或者更多事物間的異同，常用于說明文和議論文寫作。比較描述的是所比對象的相同、類似點，而對照則強調(diào)所描述對象之間的不同，甚至相反之處。常用的比較對照的結(jié)構(gòu)模式有兩種，即整塊比較法和逐點比較法。比較對照法(ComparisonandContrast)在整塊比較法中先集中描述A，再集中描述B。其模式為：A1、A2、A3……B1、B2、B3……

例子:Computershavebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.First,computerscancalculate.Theycanmakeworkmoreefficientfortheyhaveahighspeedofcalculation.Besides,peoplecancommunicatewitheachotherbyE-mail,whichcostspeoplelessmoneyandlesstime.Mostimportantofall,computerscreatewidecommunicationaroundtheworld.PeoplecancommunicatewitheachotherviatheInternet.Theycanmakefriendsallovertheworld.Buteverycoinhadtwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,sincecomputerscandoalotofworkforus,suchascalculation,wemayrelytoomuchonthemandbecomelazierandlazier.Tomakemattersworse,althoughitisconvenientforpeopletocommunicatewitheachotherbyE-mail,theoriginalwarmrelationshipmaybecomecold,forpeoplewillhavefeweropportunitiestotalktoeachotherfacetoface.Worstofall,computerscanspreadvirusescausedbyelectronichackersresultinginalotofimportantinformationbeinglost.在整塊比較法中先集中描述A，再集中描述B。其模式為：A1、Aproverbsays,“Likefather,likeson.”Buttheproverbdoesn’tseemtofitmygrandfatherandmyfatherbecausetheyhavemoredifferencesthansimilarities.First,mygrandfatherisintroverted,whilemyfatherisextroverted.Wecaneasilyreadwhatisonmyfather’smind,butitishardtofindoutwhatmygrandfatheristhinkingabout.Next,mygrandfatherisalwaysindifferenttochildren.Heseldomtalkswithchildrenandthechildrenaresomewhatafraidofhim.Incontrast,myfatherisverywarm-heartedtochildren.Helikestotalkwiththem,sothechildreninmyfamilyalllikehim.Finally,mygrandfatherisobstinate.Oncehehadmadeadecision,heneverchangesit.However,myfather,evenafterhehasmadeadecision,willaskothersforopinions.Ifhethinkstheopinionsarereasonable,hemightchangehismind.Althoughmygrandfatherandmyfatherresembleeachotherverymuchinappearance,theydifferincharacter,thinkingandbehavior.逐點比較法是A、B雙方同時逐點描述，其模式為：A1B1A2B2A3B3……例如：Aproverbsays,“Likefather,常見的比較對照的過渡性詞語常用的表示比較的過渡性詞語有：similarly,likewise,correspondingly,inasimilarway,inthesameway,too,like,resemble,similarto,equalto,equally,important,both…and…,thesameas常用的表示對照的過渡性詞語有：ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,in/bycontrast,incontrastto,insharpcontrast,conversely,otherwise,however,nevertheless,but,yet,(al)though,eventhough,whereas/while,itistrue…but,instead,unlike,ratherthan,inspiteof,contrastwith,differ(ent)from,contraryto常見的比較對照的過渡性詞語常用的表示比較的過渡性詞語有：因果法(CauseandEffect)定義

因果法經(jīng)常用以闡述原因，回答“為什么”這類問題，分析事物發(fā)展的前因后果，也多見于說明文和論述文。因果關(guān)系的普遍性決定了因果關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性，通常因果關(guān)系模式有一因一果、一因多果、一果多因和多果多因等，而以因果方式擴展段落時通?？刹捎孟纫蚝蠊蛳裙笠虻囊灰蚨喙蛞还嘁蚰Ｊ?，其中的多因或多果用通常以枚舉方式列舉。因果法(CauseandEffect)定義因果法經(jīng)常用因果法作文例子Theroleofwomenintoday’ssocietyischanging.Onereasonisthatwomenhavebeguntoassertthemselvesasindependentpeoplethroughthewomen’smovement.Also,womenareawareofthealternativestostayingathome.Anotherreasonisthatincreasingnumbersofwomenwhoenternewfieldsofinterestserveasrolemodelsforotherwomen.Moreover,menarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheabilitiesofwomenandhavebeguntoviewtheirindependencepositively.因果法作文例子Theroleofwomeninto常用的表示因果關(guān)系的過渡性詞語because,as,since,for,owingto,becauseof,dueto,onaccountof,asaresultof,forthereason,resultfrom,thus,so,therefore,accordingly,consequently,forthisreason,onthataccount,asaresult,asaconsequence,itfollowsthat…,resultin,contributeto常用的表示因果關(guān)系的過渡性詞語（三）結(jié)尾段結(jié)尾段概述常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型（三）結(jié)尾段結(jié)尾段概述結(jié)尾段概述開頭和結(jié)尾往往是讀者注意最多的部分。開頭引起讀者注意，提出主題；結(jié)尾與開頭呼應(yīng)，使讀者感覺全文論述完整，圓滿結(jié)束。從某種意義上來說，結(jié)尾更容易給讀者留下深刻印象。人們常把好的文章結(jié)尾稱作是“畫龍點睛”，可見結(jié)尾部分對整篇文章所起的作用。結(jié)尾段概述開頭和結(jié)尾往往是讀者注意最多的部分。開頭引起讀者注常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法總結(jié)歸納重申主題預(yù)測展望提出建議提出問題引用格言

常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法總結(jié)歸納常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●總結(jié)歸納

簡要總結(jié)歸納文章要點，以便深化主題印象。如：

InconclusionIwouldliketosaythatchildrenneedtobeunderstoodbutchildrenalsoneedtounderstandtheirparents.Itisonlywhenparentsandchildrencometounderstandeachotherthatwecansolveproblemseffectivelyandnarrowthegenerationgap.

分析：文章通過inconclusion引出對前面所作論述的歸納，使主題更加明確。

常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●總結(jié)歸納

簡要總結(jié)歸納文章要點，常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●重申主題

再次強調(diào)和確定文章開頭闡述的中心思想。如：

Admittedly,sciencehascreatedatomicbombsandproducedpervasive無處不在的pollution.Butithastransformedthelivesofmillionsofpeople.Ithasmultipliedman’senergy,hopes,ambitionsandunderstanding.Ithaselevatedandwillcontinuetoelevate舉起;抬高manintellectuallyandspiritually.

分析：文章對前文的觀點進(jìn)行了重復(fù)，使之更加鮮明。

常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●重申主題

再次強調(diào)和確定文章開頭闡常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●預(yù)測展望

立足當(dāng)前，放眼未來。如：

Sotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetoothers.Ibelievethattherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.

分析：文章通過對未來積極的展望，說明了愛在生活中的重要性。

常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●預(yù)測展望

立足當(dāng)前，放眼未來。如：常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●提出建議

提出解決問題的途徑、方法或呼吁人們采取相應(yīng)的行動。如：

Astheissueplayssuchakeyroleinoursociety,sufficientattentionshouldbepaidfromboththegovernmentandthepublic.Thegovernmentshouldmakesurethatthecensus人口普查iswellcarriedoutandthepeopleshouldbeactivelyinvolvedinthecensus.

分析：文章在結(jié)尾從政府和公眾兩個角度提出建議，以保證人口普查的順利進(jìn)行。常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●提出建議

提出解決問題的途徑、方法常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●提出問題

提出具有發(fā)人深省的問題，從而突出中心思想。如：

Oldpeoplemaychoosetolivealoneforthemselvesandevenembrace欣然接受thislivingpattern.Butinthedeeppartoftheirhearts,theymustfeellonely.Theyneedtheirchildrentostaywith,totalkwith,andtakecareofthem.Whycan’tyoungpeoplethinkofthedayswhentheyaregettingold?

分析：文章最后用一個反問句“年輕人為什么不想想自己年老時的情形”來提醒他們將心比心，設(shè)身處地，去關(guān)心父母雙親。

常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●提出問題

提出具有發(fā)人深省的問題，常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●引用格言

用格言、諺語或習(xí)語總括全文中心思想。如：

Manyyeasago,agreatphilosopherFrancisBaconremarkedthat“Knowledgeispower.”Thiscannowbetranslatedintocontemporaryterms.Inoursocialsetting,“Knowledgeischange”—andacceleratingknowledge-acquisition,fuelingthegreatengineoftechnology,meansacceleratingchange.

分析:文章借用培根“知識就是力量”名言的結(jié)構(gòu)，指出“知識就是變化”以深化主題，給讀者留下深刻的印象。常用的結(jié)尾段的表達(dá)方法●引用格言

用格言、諺語或習(xí)語總括全結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove（Takingintoaccountallthesefactors/Judging

fromallevidenceoffered）,wemaysafelydraw（reach/cometo/arriveat）theconclusionthat….

●Alltheevidence（analysis）supports（justifies/confirms/warrants/pointsto）a（n）unshakable（unmistakable/sound/just）conclusionthat….

●Itishightimethatweplace（lay/put）great（special/considerable）emphasison

theimprovement（development/increase/promotion）of….

結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Fromwhathasbe結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Itishightimethatweputanendtothedeep-seated根深蒂固的（unhealthy/undesirable不利的）situation（tendency/phenomenon）of….

●Wemustlook（search/call/cry）foranimmediateaction（method/measure),becausethepresent（current）situation（phenomenon/tendency/state/attitude）of…,ifpermitted（allowed）tocontinue（proceed）,willsurely（certainly）leadto（resultin）theend（destruction/heavycost）of….

結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Itishightimet結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Thereisnoeasy（immediate/effective）solution（approach/answer/remedy）totheproblemof…,but…mightbeuseful（helpful/beneficial）.

●Noeasymethod（solution/recipe/remedy）canbeathand（found/guaranteed）tosolve（resolve/tackle）theproblemof…,butthecommon（general/public）recognitionof（realizationof/awarenessof/commitmentto）thenecessity（importance/significance）of…mightbethefirststeptowardschange（ontherightway/intherightdirection）.

結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Thereisnoeasy結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Followingthesemethods（suggestions）maynotguaranteethesuccessin（solutionto）…,butthepay-off取得成功willbeworththeeffort.

●Obviously（Clearly/Nodoubt),ifweignore（areblindto）theproblem,thereiseverychancethat….

●Unlessthereisacommonrealizationof（generalcommitmentto）…,itisverylikely

（thechancesaregood）that….

結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Followingthesem結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Thereislittledoubt（nodenying）thatserious（special/adequate/immediate/

further）attentionmustbecalled（paid/devoted）totheproblemof….

●Itisnecessary（essential/fundamental）thateffective（quick/proper）action（steps/measures/remedies）shouldbetakentoprevent（correct/check/end/fight）thesituation（tendency/phenomenon).

結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Thereislittled結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Itishopedthatgreateffortsshouldbedirectedto（expendedon/focusedon）finding

（developing/improving）….

●Itremainstobeseenwhether…,buttheprospect（outlook）isnotquiteencouraging

（thatrosy樂觀的）.

●Anyhow,wider（more）education（publicity）shouldbegiventothepossible（potential/grave/serious）consequences（effects）of….

結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Itishopedthat結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Toreverse（check/control）thetrend（tendency）isnotalighttask（aneasyjob）,anditrequires（demands/involves/entails）adifferentstateofmindtowards（attitudetowards/outlookon）….

●Forthesereasons,Istronglyrecommendthat….

●Forthereasonsgivenabove,Ifeelthat….

結(jié)尾段常用的的核心句型●Toreverse（check二、寫作實例分析議論文說明文二、寫作實例分析議論文議論文概論議論文段落結(jié)構(gòu)議論文舉例（1）議論文舉例（2）議論文概論概論議論文的第一種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的兩種觀點，來闡述自己的立場，或?qū)@一問題反映出的某一觀點進(jìn)行駁斥，然后提出自己的看法并加以論證。它的基本形式是：一些人認(rèn)為……；另一些人認(rèn)為……；我的看法……。這種文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：概論議論文的第一種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的兩種觀點，議論文段落結(jié)構(gòu)Paragraph1:Introduction(啟)Paragraph2:Analysis(承)Paragraph3:Conclusion(轉(zhuǎn)合)議論文段落結(jié)構(gòu)Paragraph1:Introduct議論文舉例(1)例如：MyviewonDataCollection1.一些人認(rèn)為數(shù)據(jù)庫威脅個人隱私2.另一些人認(rèn)為數(shù)據(jù)庫有利于提高工作效率3.我的看法議論文舉例(1)例如：MyviewonDataColMyviewonDataCollectionDatacollectionisafactofmodernlife.Somearguethatdatacollectionisendangeringtherightsofindividuals,thoughothersseeitasausefultoolwhichincreasesefficiency.(啟)Tobefrank,Ibelievedatacollectiondoesmoregoodthanharm.(作者觀點)MyviewonDataCollectionMyviewonDataCollectionForonething,databasesprovideaveryusefultool.Largedatabaseswhichcontaininformationonmanyindividualscanenablemoreeffectivedecisionstobemade.Institutionssuchasgovernmentdepartmentsandpolicerelyondatacollectioninordertooperateefficiently,andhospitalsusecomputerizedrecordstohelpintheirfightagainstdisease.(承1)MyviewonDataCollectionForMyviewonDataCollectionForanother,databasesstoredoncomputercanalsobeveryefficient.Datawhichhasbeencollectedinoneareacanbesentanywhereintheworldalmostinstantly.Thismeansthatthosewhohavelegitimate合法的accesstothisdatacanworkveryefficiently.(承2)MyviewonDataCollectionMyviewonDataCollectionInsummary,datacollectiononindividualscanbejustified,althoughallpossiblemeasuresshouldbetakentominimizetherisks.(轉(zhuǎn)合)MyviewonDataCollection議論文舉例(2)議論文的第二種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性的觀點，表明自己的觀點(同意或是不同意)，并提出相應(yīng)的論證。如：Direction:

Itisveryimportantthatchildrenshouldstudyhardatschool.Timespentplayingsportistimewasted.Doyouagreeordisagree?Giveyourreasons.議論文舉例(2)議論文的第二種形式是要求考生針對某一有爭議性議論文舉例(2)Wecouldarguethatchildrengotoschooltostudysothattheymaybecomefullyproductiveadultsandgoodcitizens.Weshouldaskwhetherplayingsporthelpschildrentobecomebetter

people.Ifso,sportisnotawasteoftime.(啟)議論文舉例(2)Wecouldarguethatch議論文舉例(2)Itisgenerally

believedthatstudentsneedmorethantheknowledgeofasubject.Theyneedtoknowhowtoworkingroupstoachieveamutualgoal,howtoworkasateam.Wherebettertolearnthoseskillsthanonthesportsfield?Anyoftheteamsportsinvolvecoordinationwithotherplayers,

understandingandadoptingateammentality.Theseskillsaretoousefultobeignored.(承1)議論文舉例(2)Itisgenerallybeliev議論文舉例(2)Moreover,itisimportantthatpeoplebe

healthy,andgoodhealthisnotsoeasilyachievedinasedentary久坐的society.Sportgetsstudentsoutsideandgivesthemgoodreasontorunabout,thuscounteringhoursspentsittingstill.(承2)議論文舉例(2)Moreover,itisimport議論文舉例(2)SoAlthoughschoolstudiesareundeniablyimportant,weshouldregardtimespent

playingsportastimewellspent.(轉(zhuǎn)合).議論文舉例(2)SoAlthoughschoolstu說明文概論說明文段落結(jié)構(gòu)說明文舉例（1）說明文舉例（2）說明文舉例（3）說明文圖表型作文常用句型說明文概論概述說明文一般用于解釋和分析社會現(xiàn)象或社會問題。要求考生對某種社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其可能造成的種種影響或應(yīng)采取的措施進(jìn)行分析和說明。概述說明文一般用于解釋和分析社會現(xiàn)象或社會問題。要求考生對某說明文的段落結(jié)構(gòu)此類文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Paragraph1:phenomenon(現(xiàn)象)Paragraph2:reasons(effects)(原因或危害)Paragraph:3suggestionsorsolutions(措施)說明文的段落結(jié)構(gòu)此類文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：說明文舉例(1)Drugabuseamongyoungpeoplehasbecomemoreandmoreprevalentoverrecentyears.(主題句)Statisticsshowthatthenumberofyouthdrugusersalmostdoublesinthepastthreeyears.(數(shù)據(jù)支撐)Itisvitaltoanalyzewhydrugs

aresoattractivetoyoungpeopleandwhatcanbedonetocombatit.(結(jié)論)說明文舉例(1)Drugabuseamongy說明文舉例(1)Firstly,teenagersareunderincreasingpressure-thismaybepeerpressureorpressuretosucceed,forexample.Drugusemayhelpthemescapereality,forgettheirproblems,orsimplyfeelmoreacceptedbytheirfriends.(原因1)Inaddition,throughthemediaweareexposedtoinformationthatglamorizesdruguseandmakesitlookattractive,particularlytoyoungpeople.(原因2)Furthermore,teenagersareusually

naturallycuriousaboutdrugs,anddrugdealerscantakeadvantageofthiscuriosityfortheirownprofit.(原因3)說明文舉例(1)Firstly,teenagers說明文舉例(1)Highfinesandprisonsentencesshouldalsobeimposedondrugdealersandusers.(措施1)However,itismyownpersonalviewthatpreventionisbetterthancureandsoagoodeducationprogrammedaboutthedangersofdrugabuseisoneofthemostimportantstepsanygovernmentshouldtake.(措施2)說明文舉例(1)HighfinesandpriHarmfulnessofVideoGames1．許多年輕人沉溺于電子游戲中。

2．電子游戲的危害。

3．解決的辦法。

HarmfulnessofVideoGames1．許寫作導(dǎo)航:第一段可陳述許多年輕人陷入電子游戲不能自拔的現(xiàn)象；第二段羅列電子游戲的危害，如對身體的危害、對學(xué)習(xí)和工作的影響，以及不良電子游戲?qū)δ贻p人道德會產(chǎn)生不良影響等；第三段可從充分認(rèn)識電子游戲的危害、取締非法網(wǎng)吧和鼓勵開發(fā)健康游戲等方面提出解決問題的辦法。寫作導(dǎo)航:第一段可陳述許多年輕人陷入電子游戲不能自拔的現(xiàn)象；說明文舉例(2)比較性說明文用于比較兩種或幾種類似的事物，要求考生通過比較它們各自的優(yōu)點或缺點，說明自己的看法，并加以論證。這種文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Paragraph1:phenomenon(現(xiàn)象)Paragraph2:advantages(優(yōu)點)Paragraph3:disadvantages(缺點)Paragraph4:comments(結(jié)論)說明文舉例(2)比較性說明文用于比較兩種或幾種類似的事物，要說明文舉例(2)Amobilephoneisgettingincreasinglypopular.(主題句)Statisticsshowthat

eightoutoftencollegestudentshavegotone.(數(shù)據(jù)支撐)However,asisthecasewithmanyissues,amobilephonehasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.(承上啟下)說明文舉例(2)Amobilephoneisgett說明文舉例(2)Onthepositiveside,amobilephoneallowscallstobemadeinstantlyfromalmostanylocation.Thiscanbevitalwhereemergencyservicesneedtobecalledtothesceneofacrime,accidentorfire,wherenopublictelephoneisnearby.(優(yōu)點1)Meanwhile,amobilephonecanserveasaconnectiontotheInternet,whichcanbeextremelyconvenientforobtaininginformationwhereveryoumaybe.(優(yōu)點2)說明文舉例(2)Onthepositiveside,說明文舉例(2)Thefactthatamobilephoneallowsaperson

tobecontactedatanytimecaninitselfbeadisadvantage.Forinstance,anemployeemay,viathemobilephone,beconstantlyavailabletohisemployerandfeelsthatheneverleaveswork.Thismaycausedistress.(缺點1)Anotherdisadvantageistheperceivedhealthrisksassociatedwithitsuse.Somepeoplebelievethatusingmobilephonesforlongperiodscandamagethebrain.(缺點2)說明文舉例(2)Thefactthatamobile說明文舉例(2)Thereisnodenyingthatamobilephonehasbothbenefitsanddrawbacksbutonbalanceperhapstheadvantagesofamobilephoneoutweighitsdisadvantagessinceamobilehasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife.(結(jié)論)說明文舉例(2)Thereisnodenyingth說明文舉例(3)圖表寫作也屬于說明文的類型，這種文章通常結(jié)構(gòu)是：Paragraph1:change(變化)Paragraph2:reasonsorimplication(原因或意義)Paragraph3:conclusion(effects;implication)(結(jié)論)說明文舉例(3)圖表寫作也屬于說明文的類型，這種文章通常結(jié)構(gòu)說明文舉例(3)說明文舉例(3)說明文舉例(3)Theperiod1995~2005witnessedarapidincreaseinthenumberofpeopleinCityXtraveling