構(gòu)詞法及猜詞課件

welcometoourclasswelcometoourclass1囧囧2如果這只毛茸茸的狗被大雨淋了，會是什么模樣呢

？如果這只毛茸茸的狗被大雨淋了，3囧?嗚……好囧??！囧?嗚……好囧?。?Ifyoucomeacrosssomewordsyoudon’tknowwhilereading,Whatwillyoudo?Ifyoucomeacrosssomewords5GuessthemeaningGuessthemeaning62010年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出簡單判斷和理解；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。2010年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求要求考生7猜測詞義讀懂文章---------高三英語閱讀指導(dǎo)（閱讀篇）猜測詞義讀懂文章---------高三英語閱讀指導(dǎo)（閱讀篇8猜測詞義題目類型對考綱外生詞的猜測ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”對考綱內(nèi)熟詞新義的猜測Ihadfirstknownshewaswrongthatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全國卷)“cloud”means“_____________________.”猜測詞義題目類型對考綱外生詞的猜測ManyUnitedN9Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched對句義的猜測Thebiggestfindinginbrainr10

詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto_______.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......

4.Theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby_______.詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：11語境法Contextclues猜測詞意怎么猜？構(gòu)詞法Wordformation

語境法猜測詞意怎么猜？構(gòu)詞法12WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)：派生法:supermarket合成

法:salesgirl轉(zhuǎn)化法:“walk”thedog有什么啟發(fā)？WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)：有什么啟發(fā)？13中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)派生法中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：派生法14supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯音)(向東)supermanmicrowa15

(05重慶卷)Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.

impassable:不能通行的(0516It’struethatlighthouse（燈塔）werebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.out-of-the-way：

偏僻的

合成法偏僻的合成法17

Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheypicturemodernlife?

picture：

想象，描繪轉(zhuǎn)化

法想象，描繪轉(zhuǎn)化法18猜測詞義：語境法?Logicalrelations

（邏輯關(guān)系）猜測詞義：?Logicalrelations19No.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjects（物體、物件）

iscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.

木匠

動物學(xué)家No.1木匠動物學(xué)家20語境法猜測詞義1.定義描述1.定義描述21

定義或釋義關(guān)系通常表現(xiàn)為定語從句，同位語，由becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway等詞匯或破折號引出的具體解釋性的話。小結(jié)小結(jié)22試試看：◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Lastweek,Iworkontheday.ButthisweekIamonthenightshift

---frommidnightto8a.m.

牧人夜班試試看：牧人夜班23No.2

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plump

asmother,andmuchshorter.肥胖的，豐滿的Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.節(jié)約的No.224語境法猜測詞義2.同義反義

2.同義反義25

表同義關(guān)系的詞：and，or，like,as…as,thesameas表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞：but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，onthecontrary。小結(jié)表同義關(guān)系的詞：小結(jié)26試試看(05廣東卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown（吞）Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed試試看27No.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.精明的

修剪No.3精明的修剪28語境法猜測詞義3.因果關(guān)系3.因果關(guān)系29

常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小結(jié)常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，30(06陜西卷)Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsotheywillnolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Inparagraph2,“aroofovertheirheads”mostprobablymeans______.A.acapB.acarC.ahomeD.acovering試試看(06陜西卷)Thehomelesspeoplem31No.4

Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽No.4家禽32語境法猜測詞義4.舉例歸納語境法猜測詞義4.舉例歸納33

常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義。小結(jié)常用suchas,like，forexam34Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveoven(微波爐)etc.家電試試看ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.通曉多種語言的Thenewcoupleboughtalotof35No.5

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious(失去知覺）,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

麻藥No.5麻藥36語境法猜測詞義5.生活常識語境法猜測詞義5.生活常識37

小結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。因此平時多了解英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，社會生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。小結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，38試試看Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.

波紋波紋39（05福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout（05福建卷）Rainforestslikethe40

TheashesoftheGreatWallarefallingdown.

IthinktheGreatwallisnowlikean80yearsoldman.Insomeplacesitisstillstanding,butreallynotfirmenough.Unlessthereissomegoodmedicine,mostofitwon’tbestandinginthenextfiftyoronehundredyears.Ifpeopledon’ttakemedicine,theGreatWallwillfalldown.B.TheGreatWallislikean80year-oldman,whoneedsmedicalcare.C.WemusttakesomemeasurestoprotecttheGreatWall,ormostoftheGreatWallwillbreakdownin50or100yearsD.TheGreatWallisfallingdown,anditwilldisappearinthefuture.No.6TheashesoftheGreatWa41語境法猜測詞義6.上下推斷語境法猜測詞義6.上下推斷42

小結(jié)所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。猜測生詞義或句意時，一定要認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，進(jìn)行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊含在其中的深意。小結(jié)所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就43Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researchedThebiggestfindinginbrainr44語境法Contextclues怎么猜?summary構(gòu)詞法Wordformation

語境法怎么猜?summary構(gòu)詞法45WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)派生法合成

法轉(zhuǎn)化法WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)派生法合成法46舉例歸納生活常識上下推斷因果關(guān)系同義反義定義解釋猜語境法猜舉例生活上下因果同義定義猜語境法猜47Homework1.Gooverwhatwelearnedinthisperiod.2.FinishadditionalexercisesHomework1.Gooverwhatwelea48

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Enjoyreading!Readingmakesafullman;Enjo49Bye-bye!構(gòu)詞法及猜詞ppt課件50Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活動(1)Inquiry-basedActivities(I)511.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

小試身手小試身手523.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.租用B.借出C.購買D.參觀

4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest3.Mr.Brownisnowworkingat535.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.愛貓的B.古怪的C.閑不住D.動物保護(hù)主義者

6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱5.Theoldwomanhasastrange547.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.好動的C.多嘴多舌的D.可愛的

8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奮的B.愚蠢的C.聰明的D.情報7.Mrs.Smithisloquacious5510.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.驕傲B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚10.Childrenarealwaysboasti56Inquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活動(2)Inquiry-basedActivities(II)57Passage1Tensofthousandsofbabypenguins(企鵝)facestarvation（饑餓）

aftertwogianticebergs（冰山）

brokeofftheAntarcticicesheet（南極冰川）

andblocked（阻塞）

theirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.Adelineandemperorpenguinsnesting（筑巢）

ontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreeding（繁殖）

season.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyBPassage1B58Passage2

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen（部落成員）.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage2D59Passage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolution（革命）hewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposed（反對）

thisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage3B60Passage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughed（犁）thecanefields（甘蔗田）.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage4B61Passage5

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletoste