高考英語復(fù)習(xí)備考：被動語態(tài)+講義

高考英語復(fù)習(xí)備考:被動語態(tài)講練被動語態(tài)01被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成表英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。

看主語與謂語之間是被動關(guān)系還是主動關(guān)系，確定使用主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)。常見的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成如下(以動詞do為例)：02考點點撥

英語中有些動詞不表示動作，而是表示某種狀態(tài)或情況，通常不用于被動語態(tài)，如cost,fit,last,own,fail等。在主動語態(tài)中，hear,see,notice等感官動詞和make,have,let等使役動詞后跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但在轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，該不定式前要加to。某些感官動詞加形容詞可表被動意義，如：feel,look,smell,sound,taste等。某些不及物動詞后加副詞，也可表被動意義，如：lock,open,read,sell,cut等。含短語動詞的被動語態(tài)，短語中的介詞或副詞不能丟掉。把直接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前要加介詞to/for。不及物動詞和不及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)，如：appear,die,fall,happen,comeout,takeplace等。03經(jīng)典習(xí)題1.—Wow,yoursilkdresslookssobeautiful!Howmuchisit?

—Well,it

me$50.

A.costB.wascost

C.spentD.wasspent

2.—Sandywasmade

bysomeboys.

—Oh,sorrytohearthat.

A.cryB.tocryC.criedD.tocrying

3.—Theseorangeslookugly,butthey

verysweet.

—Ifso,I’dliketobuysome.

A.tastedB.weretastedC.tasteD.aretasted4.—Don’tyoulikethecar?It

sowell.

—Ilikeitalot,butIjustcan’taffordit.

A.sellsB.issoldC.soldD.wassold

5.Asisknowntoall,the2022WinterOlympics

inChina.A.tookplaceB.willtakeplaceC.weretakenplaceD.willbetakenplace

參考答案：ABCAB常見幾種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)01含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)講一講含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞(+by+動作的執(zhí)行者)。如：Yourhomeworkshouldbefinishedbefore9pm.

Theplantneedn’tbewateredeveryday.

Musttheroombecleanedtwiceaday,Mom?Whencanmycomputerberepaired,Mr.Wang?表示被動意義的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.read,ride,write,sell等作不及物動詞時，常用主動形式表示被動意義。

2.look,smell,taste,feel,sound等表感覺的連系動詞也常用主動形式表示被動意義。練一練一、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Manymoretreesshould

(plant)inthetown.

2.Mustthework

(finish)by6:30thisafternoon?

3.—HowoftendoIneedtofeedthedog?—Itmust

(give)foodthreetimesaday.4.Thestarscan

(see)clearlythisevening.

5.Tablescan

(make)ofstoneorwood.

二、把下列句子改為含有被動語態(tài)的句子。1.Weshouldcleanourteethtwiceaday.2.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforeclass.3.Youcanhangtheseoldpicturesinthelivingroom.4.Studentscankeepthedictionariesforthreeweeks.5.Weshouldmakesomerulestostopthekidsfromthrowingrubbish.

參考答案：一、1.beplanted

2.befinished

3.begiven

4.beseen

5.bemade二、1.Ourteethshouldbecleanedtwiceaday.

2.Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinbeforeclass.

3.Theseoldpicturescanbehunginthelivingroom.

4.Thedictionariescanbekeptforthreeweeksbystudents.5.Somerulesshouldbemadetostopthekidsfromthrowingrubbish.

02

一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)講一講英語中有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。▲一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為is/am/are+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+動作的執(zhí)行者)，句中常含有often,usually,everyday等時間狀語?！趯⒅鲃诱Z態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可參考以下例句：Jenny①

cleans②

theroom③

everyday.

→Theroom③

iscleaned②

by

Jenny①

everyday.把主動句中的賓語③變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z；把主動句中的謂語動詞②(cleans)變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹^語(iscleaned)。be的形式根據(jù)被動句中主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原主動句中動詞的時態(tài)來確定。把主動句中的主語①放在介詞by之后作賓語。主語若是代詞，將主格改為賓格。在無須說明動作的執(zhí)行者或需強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時，by短語可以省略。如：PeoplegrowriceinthesouthofChina.→RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.練一練把下列句子改為含有被動語態(tài)的句子。

1.Somebigboysoftenlaughatthelittlegirl.2.AlotofpeoplespeakChinesearoundtheworld.3.MillionsofpeopleenjoytheGreatWall.4.Mygrandpawaterstheseflowerseverymorning.5.EveryoneconsidersDoratobethebeststudentintheclass.6.PeopleusechopsticksforeatingnoodlesinChina.7.Thestudentsalwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

參考答案：1.Thelittlegirlisoftenlaughedatbysomebigboys.

2.Chineseisspokenbyalotofpeoplearoundtheworld.

3.TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeople.

4.Theseflowersarewateredbymygrandpaeverymorning.

5.Doraisconsideredtobethebeststudentintheclass.

6.ChopsticksareusedforeatingnoodlesinChina.

7.Theclassroomisalwayskeptcleanbythestudents.

03

一般過去時的被動語態(tài)講一講一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞(+by+動作的執(zhí)行者)。如：ThreetreeswerewateredbyAlanyesterday.將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，需注意以下幾點：有些動詞如tell,give,send,lend,show,teach等后接雙賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將間接賓語提前變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，直接賓語不動；如果將直接賓語提前，則需要在間接賓語前加上to或for。如：MarygaveMissLinabunchofflowers.

→MissLinwasgivenabunchofflowersbyMary.→AbunchofflowerswasgiventoMissLinbyMary.

若動詞后跟省去to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應(yīng)加上to。如：Wesawastrangerwalkintotheteacher’soffice.

→Astrangerwasseentowalkintotheteacher’soffice.“動詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，需要保留后面的介詞或副詞。如：

Thelittlegirltookgoodcareofhersickgrandma.

→Thelittlegirl’ssickgrandmawastakengoodcareofbyher.練一練把下列句子改為含有被動語態(tài)的句子。

1.Alicesentmeapostcardlastweek.2.MomaskedJacknottospendtoomuchtimeoncomputergames.

3.Theworkersbuilttheteachingbuildingsixyearsago.4.Allthestudentstalkedabouttheprojectearlierthismorning.

5.WeheardLiuFengreadEnglishbooksunderthetree.

參考答案：

1.IwassentapostcardbyAlicelastweek./ApostcardwassenttomebyAlicelastweek.2.Jackwasas