二語習(xí)得選修課的課堂課件

Whatdifferencesarethereinthewayinwhichindividuallearnersacquireasecondlanguage?AgeLanguageaptitudeLearningstylesMotivationPersonalitysexSocialfactors:SocialclassAffectivestates:AnxietygeneralfactorsWhatdifferencesaretherein1Agewhatdoyouthinkofbilinggualkindergartens?Cantheybenefitchildren’sSLA?Childrenvs.teenagervs.adults(pronunciation/rate/grammmar)Criticalperiodhypothesis(pronunciation/grammar)1.學(xué)習(xí)外語的開始年齡并不在很大程度上影響習(xí)得的程序，任何年齡開始學(xué)習(xí)一門外語都有可能獲得成功。2.學(xué)習(xí)外語的起始年齡較明顯地影響習(xí)得的速度和效率。在語法、詞義和詞匯方面，少年比兒童和成年人表現(xiàn)得更為出色（如果學(xué)習(xí)時間相同）3.學(xué)習(xí)時間長短影響習(xí)得的成功程度，而學(xué)習(xí)起始年齡對將達(dá)到的精密程度起著決定作用，尤其是語音方面。（束定芳，莊智象）4.劉潤清認(rèn)為外語學(xué)習(xí)的最佳開始年齡并非越早越好，而是大約在九歲左右。Agewhatdoyouthinkofbiling2Languageaptitude1.phonimiccoding-encoding語音編碼解碼能力2.grammarsencitivity語法敏感性3.languageanalyticability歸納性語言學(xué)習(xí)能力4.memory聯(lián)想記憶能力Languageaptitude1.phonimicc3Languageaptitude1.phonimiccoding-encoding語音編碼解碼能力2.grammarsencitivity語法敏感性3.languageanalyticability歸納性語言學(xué)習(xí)能力4.memory聯(lián)想記憶能力Languageaptitude1.phonimicc4LearningstylesFielddependence/FieldindependenceoriginReflectivity/impulsivity審慎/沖動Visual/auditory/kinaesthetic/tactileHolistic/analytic...LearningstylesFielddependenc5childrenvs.Adolescents/adults Malesvs.FemalesObject-orientedjobsvs.People-orientedjobsUrban,technologicalsocietiesvs.Rural,agrairansocietiesRigidsocialstructuresvs.FreesocialstructuresGroup-centredpeoplevs.Individualisticpeople childrenvs.Adolescents/adul6FieldindependentFielddependentAdolescents/adultschildrenMalesFemalesObject-orientedjobsPeople-orientedjobsUrban,technologicalsocietiesRural,agrairansocietiesFreesocialstructuresRigidsocialstructuresIndividualisticpeopleGroup-centredpeopleFieldindependentFielddepend7MotivationIntrinsic/extrinsicmotivationIntrinsicmotivationderivesfrominterest.Extrinsicmotivationemphasizesexternalrewardsorpunishements.Intrinsicmotivation:long-termsuccessExtrinsicmotivation:short-termsuccessMotivationIntrinsic/extrinsic8Integrative/instrumentalmotivationIntegrativemotivationinvolvesasincereandpersonalinterestinthepeopleandculturerepresentedbytheotherlanguagegroup.Instrumentalmotivationconcernsthepracticalvalueandadvantagesoflearninganewlanguage.Integrative/instrumentalmotiv9Resultativemotivation:resultofpositivelearningexperiences.Machiavellianmotivation:motivatedtolearnbecauseofnegativeattitudetowardsthetargetlanguagecommunity.Inthiscase,negativefeelingsmayleadtoadesiretomanipulateandovercomethepeopleofthetargetlanguage.Resultativemotivation:result10PersonalityIntrovert/extrovertCALP(CognitiveAcademicLanguageProficiency):formalacademiclearningBICS(BasicInterpersonalCommunicativeSkills):languageskillsneededinsocialsituations---JimCumminsPersonalityIntrovert/extrove11sexverbalfluency.memorizingcomplexforms.computingcompositionalrules.sexverbalfluency.12sexWomenoutperformmenonverbalfluency.Womenbetteratmemorizingcomplexforms.Menbetteratcomputingcompositionalrules.sexWomenoutperformmenonver13Socialfactors:Socialclass:middlevs.workingclassCALP(CognitiveAcademicLanguageProficiency):formalacademiclearningBICS(BasicInterpersonalCommunicativeSkills):languageskillsneededinsocialsituationsSocialfactors:Socialclass:m14AffectivestatesSecure&FreeofstressFear;anger;self-pity;sadness;anxiety,…AffectivestatesSecure&Free15AnxietyTraitanxiety氣質(zhì)型:amorepermanentpredispositiontobeanxious,perhapsbestviewedasanaspectofpersonality.Stateanxiety狀態(tài)型:apprehensionthatisexperiencedataparticularmomentintimeasaresponsetoadefinitesituation.Itisacombinationoftraitandsituation-specificanxiety.Situation-specificanxiety:arousedbyaspecifictypeofsituationoreventsuchaspublicspeaking,examinations,orclassparticipation.ForeignLanguageAnxiety:communicationapprehension;fearofnegativeevaluation;testsAnxietyTraitanxiety氣質(zhì)型:amo16二語習(xí)得選修課的課堂ppt課件17二語習(xí)得選修課的課堂ppt課件18二語習(xí)得選修課的課堂ppt課件19二語習(xí)得選修課的課堂ppt課件20Whatcausesstateorsituationanxiety?Iwasquitefrightenedwhenaskedquestionsagain.Idon’tknowwhy;theteacherdoesnotfrightenme,butmymindisblockedwhenI’maskedquestions.IfearlestIgivethewronganswerandwilldiscouragetheteacheraswellasbethelaughingstockoftheclassmaybe.Anyway,Ifeltreallystupidandhelplessinclass.Face,CompetitivenessWhatcausesstateorsituation21Whateffectsdoesanxietyhaveonlearning?Facilitatinganxiety:motivatethelearnerstofightthenewlearningtask,promptingthemtomakeextraeffortstoconquerthetaskDebilitatinganxietycausesthelearnertofleethetaskinordertoavoidanxiety.Whateffectsdoesanxietyhave22LanguagelearningAnxietylearningeffiencyAnxietylevelModerateanxietyLanguagelearningAnxietylearn23StageTypeofanxietyEffectonlearningBeginnerPost-beginnerlaterStageTypeofanxietyEffecton24StageTypeofanxietyEffectonlearningBegin-nerVerylittle-restrictedtostateanxietynonePost-begin-nerSituationanxietydev