英國文學史復習資料、《英美文學史及作品選讀》復習資料合并版

PAGEPAGE4英國文學史資料BritishWritersandWorks=1\*ROMANI.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges<Beowulf>貝奧武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:UsingalliterationDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（頭韻）

SomeexamplesonP5UsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里?喬叟1340(?)~1400(首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”，英國文學史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰·德萊頓（JohnDryden）稱其為“英國詩歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(綜合的，廣泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGowerwritingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.=1\*GB3①<TheCanterburyTales>坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(雙韻體)bymiddleEnglish=2\*GB3②<TroilusandCriseyde>特羅伊拉斯和克萊希德③<TheHouseofFame>聲譽之宮MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(傳奇故事)Famousthree：KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulf=2\*ROMANIITheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrologythereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansionrediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙?斯賓塞1552~1599（后人稱之為“詩人的詩人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteriaC.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody

=1\*GB3①

<TheFaerieQueene>仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.=2\*GB3②<TheShepherdsCalendar>牧人日歷ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.③<Amoretti>愛情小唱2.

ThomasMore托馬斯?莫爾1478~1535OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists=1\*GB3①<Utopia>烏托邦3.

FrancisBacon弗蘭西斯?培根1561~1626（哲學家、散文家；在論述探究知識的著作中提出了知識就是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學的奠基人和近代實驗科學的先驅。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.=1\*GB3①<TheAdvancementofLearning>學術的推進=2\*GB3②<Essays>隨筆(famousquotas:<Ofstudies>)ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.4.

BenJonson=1\*GB3①<ComedyofHumours>=2\*GB3②<Volpone,orthefox>狐貍（十八世紀杰出的政論家和諷刺小說家amastersatirist。）

=1\*GB3①<Gulliver’sTravels>格列佛游記(fictionalwork)Fourparts:Lilliput小人國Brobdingnag大人國FlyingIsland飛島Houyhnhnm馬島<AModestProposal>一個小小的建議=2\*GB3②<TheBattleofBooks>書戰(zhàn)=3\*GB3③<ATaleofaTub>木桶的故事④<TheDrapper’sLetters>一個麻布商的書信4.DanielDefoe丹尼爾?笛福1660~1731（小說家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀英國現(xiàn)實主義小說的奠基人。）Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.=1\*GB3①<RobinsonCrusoe>魯賓遜漂流記ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.=2\*GB3②<MollFlanders>=3\*GB3③<ColonelJacque>④<Captainsingleton>5.HenryFielding亨利?菲爾丁1707~1754（英國小說家，戲劇家，被譽為“英國小說之父”。）Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文體史詩),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.=1\*GB3①novels:<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>棄嬰湯姆?瓊斯<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>約瑟夫?安德魯<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>大詩人江奈生?威爾德<Amelia>愛米利亞=2\*GB3②plays:<TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>一七三六年歷史記事<DonQuixoteinEngland>堂吉柯德在英國6.OliverGoldsmith奧利弗?格爾德斯密斯1730~1774=1\*GB3①poems:

<TheTraveller>旅游人

<TheDesertedVillage>荒村=2\*GB3②novel:

<TheVicarofWakefield>威克菲爾德牧師傳7.

RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德?布林斯利?施萊登1751~1816=1\*GB3①<TheRivals>情敵=2\*GB3②<TheSchoolforScandal>造謠學校8.WilliamBlake威廉?布萊克1757~1827=1\*GB3①<SongsofInnocence>天真之歌Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.=2\*GB3②<SongsofExperience>經(jīng)驗之歌Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:

<TheChimneySweeper><London><TheTyger>LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence=3\*GB3③

<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>天堂與地獄的婚姻9.RobertBurns羅伯特?彭斯1759~1796ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩①<JohnAnderson,MyJo>約翰?安德生，我的愛人②<ARed,RedRose>一朵紅紅的玫瑰③<AuldLongSyne>往昔時光④<AMan’saManforA’That>不管那一套⑤<MyHeart’sintheHighlands>我的心在那高原上⑥<BruceAtBannockburn>⑦<TheTreeOfLiberty>=5\*ROMANVTheRomanticPeriodTheromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<LyricalBallads>,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人應該是獨立自由的個體)Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).“TheLakePoets”湖畔詩人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.WilliamWordsworth;SaamuelTylorColeridge;RobertSouthey1.WilliamWordsworth威廉?華茲華斯1770~1850（與柯爾律治、騷塞同被稱為“湖畔派”詩人。TheLakePoets）①<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)②<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey④TheSolitaryReaper孤獨的割麥女②<ThePrelude>序曲2.

SamuelTaylorColeridge塞繆爾?泰勒?科爾律治1772~1834

TheLakePoets①<TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>古舟子頌②<Christabel>柯里斯塔貝爾③<KublaKhan>忽必烈汗Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory④<FrostatNight>半夜冰霜⑤<Dejection,anOde>憂郁頌⑥<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withWilliamWordsworth)3.

GeorgeGordonByron喬治?戈登?拜倫1788~1824（拜倫式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了反抗精神。內(nèi)心充滿了孤獨與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德·哈羅德是拜倫詩歌中第一個“拜倫式英雄”。）“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.=1\*GB3①<DonJuan>唐?璜<ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage>恰爾德?哈羅德爾游記<Cain>該隱 =2\*GB3②<WhenWeTwoParted>當初我們倆分別<SheWalksInBeauty>4.

PersyByssheShelley波西?比希?雪萊1792~1822=1\*GB3①PoeticDrama：<PrometheusUnbound>解放了的普羅米修斯Theme:thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression=2\*GB3②<QueenMab>麥布女王<RevoltofIslam>伊斯蘭的反叛<TheCenci>欽契一家<ADefenceofPoetry>詩辯<TheNecessityofAtheism>無神論的必要性③Lyrics:<OdetotheWestWind>西風頌Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.Artisticfeatures:Usingrerzarima(三行詩ababcbcdcdedefe…)<ToaSkylark>致云雀

5.

JohnKeats約翰?濟慈1795~1821(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名詩句。)

=1\*GB3①Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn>希臘古甕頌<OdetoaNightingale>夜鶯頌<OdetoPsyche>心靈頌<OdeOnMelancholy>憂郁頌=2\*GB3②<ToAutumn>秋頌Theme:ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.Comment:Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuallyyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentstheevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.6.

JaneAusten簡?奧斯丁1775~1817Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.=1\*GB3①<SenseandSensibility>理智與感情<PrideandPrejudic>傲慢與偏見(chapterI)【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood【Lydia&Wickham】shownthedangersoffecklessrelationshipsunsupportedbymoney.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh】comiccharacters<MansfieldPark>曼斯菲爾德莊園<Emma>愛瑪<NorthangerAbbey>諾桑覺寺<Persuasion>勸導7.WalterScott沃爾特?斯科特1771~1832(歷史小說之父”)Fatherofhistorynovels=1\*GB3①<RobRoy>羅伯?羅伊=2\*GB3②<Ivanhoe>艾凡赫

=6\*ROMANVITheVictorianPeriod1832-1900Commonsenseandmoralpropreity,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleandeverydayevents.1.

CharlesDickens查爾斯?狄更斯1812~1870（批判現(xiàn)實主義小說家）criticalrealistwriter①<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub>匹克威克外傳②<OliverTwist>奧利弗?特維斯特（霧都孤兒）③<TheOldCuriosityShop>老古玩店④

<AChristmasCarol>圣誕頌歌⑤<DombeyandSon>董貝父子⑥

<DavidCopperfield>大衛(wèi)?科波菲爾⑦<BleakHouse>荒涼山莊<HardTimes>艱難時世⑧<ATaleofTwoCities>雙城記(London&Paris)⑨<GreatExpectations>遠大前程⑩<OurMutualFriend>我們共同的朋友

是英國19世紀小說繁榮時期最杰出的代表作家，影響遍及歐美以及世界各國。他那富有社會批判意義的現(xiàn)實主義小說不僅使英國文壇煥然一新，而且對世界文學的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。2.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉?麥克匹斯?薩克雷1811~1863①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名利場(thenameisanexcerptfrom<ThePilgrim’sProgress>byJohnBunyan)②<TheBookOfSnobs>

3.CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855①<JaneEyre>簡?愛JaneEyre,aplainlittleorphan,wassenttoLowood,acharityschool.Thereshesufferalotand8yearslatersheleftschoolandbecameabovernessatThornfieldHall.Thereshefallsinlovewiththemaster,Mr.Rochester.Itisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,e.g.charityinstitutionsuchasLowoodSchoolItisasuccessfulintroductiontothefirstgovernessheoineintheEnglishnovel,whomrepresentsthosemiddle-classworkingwomenstrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing.②<Shirley>雪莉③<Professor>教師

4.

EmilyBronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854①<WutheringHeights>呼嘯山莊Astoryabouttwofamilieandanintrudingstranger.【TheEarnshawFamily】Mr.Earnshaw,hiswife,thesonHindley,thedaughterCatherine,Heathcliff【TheLintonFamily】Mr.Linton,hiswife,sonEdgar,daughterIsabella②<OldStoic>5.GeorgeEliot喬治?艾略特1819~1880①<TheMillontheFloss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊②<AdamBede>亞當?比德③<SilasMarner>織工馬南④

<Middlemarch>米德爾馬契6.AlfredTennyson阿爾弗萊德?丁尼生1809~1892（維多利亞時代最具代表性的偉大詩人）PoetLaureate（桂冠詩人）①<InMemoriam>悼念Tomemorializehisfriend②<Break,Break,Break>③<IdyllsoftheKing>國王敘事詩7.

RobertBrowning羅伯特?白朗寧1812~1889

①<MyLastDutchess>我已故的公爵夫人②<HomeThoughtsFromAbroad>海外鄉(xiāng)思ElizabethBarrettBrowing:①<SonnetfromthePortuguese>葡萄牙十四行詩8.RobertLouisStevenson①<TreasureIsland>金銀島9.ThomasHardy托馬斯?哈代1840~1928（小說多以農(nóng)村生活為背景；自然主義小說家。Wessexnovels;novelsofcharacterandenvironment）

=1\*GB2⑴Novels①<TessOfTheD’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔絲Theme:experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration②<JudeTheObscure>無名的裘德③<UnderTheGreenwoodTree>綠蔭下④

<FarFromTheMaddingCrowd>遠離塵囂⑤<TheMayorOfCasterbridge>卡斯特橋市長⑥

<TheReturnoftheNative>還鄉(xiāng)=2\*GB2⑵

PoemsWessexPoemsAndOtherVersesPoemsOfThePastAndPresentTheDynasts列國=7\*ROMANVII1900~1950The20thCenturyPlaywrights=1\*GB3①OscarWilde=2\*GB3②GeorgeBernardShaw1.OscarWilde奧斯卡?王爾德1856~1900

（TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt’sSake）

=1\*GB3①4Comedies:<TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest>認真的重要<LadyWindermere’sFan>溫德米爾夫人的扇子

<AWomanOfNoImportance>一個無足輕重的女人<AnIdealHusband>理想的丈夫=2\*GB3②Novel:<ThePictureOfDorianGray>多利安?格雷的畫像=3\*GB3③FairyStories:<TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales>快樂王子故事集2.GeorgeBernardShaw喬治?伯納?蕭1856~1950(英國杰出的批判現(xiàn)實主義劇作家）criticalrealisticdramatist

=1\*GB2⑴Plays=1\*GB3①PlaysUnpleasant<MrsWarren’SProfession>華倫夫人的職業(yè)<Widowers’Houses>鰥夫的房產(chǎn)=2\*GB3②PlaysPleasant<ArmsAndMan>武器與人<TheManOfDestiny>左右命運的人③Plays<ManAndSuperman>人與超人<Pygmalion>匹格瑪利翁<TheAppleCart>蘋果車<SaintJoan>圣女貞德Novelists(Realists)1.JosephConcrad=1\*GB3①<LordJim>吉姆爺=2\*GB3②<HeartOfDarkness>黑暗的心1.Whythebook’stitleisHeartofDarkness?ThestoryhappenedinCongo,theheartofAfrica,andthecolorofpeople’sskininthereisblack.Mostimportantpointaboutthetitleistotheevilinhumans’heart.2.Whatisthesymbolismofblackandwhite【Black/dark-】death,evil,ignorance,mystery,savagery,uncivilizedMiddleAges,whenscienceandknowledgewassuppressed,astheDarkAges.AccordingtoChristianity,inthebeginningoftimeallwasdarkandGodcreatedlight.AccordingtoHeartofDarkness,beforetheRomanscame,Englandwasdark.Inthesameway,Africawasconsideredtobeinthe“darkstage”.【W(wǎng)hite/light】life,goodness,enlightenment,civilized,religion.Yet,inConcrad,theusualpatternisreverseanddarknessmeanstruth(Thetruthwithin,thereforedarkandobscure.),whitenessmeansfalsehood.ThiscontrasttellsapoliticaltruthaboutcolonialismintheCongo.ThecontrastalsosuggestsapsychologicaltruthaboutMarlowandtheEuropeansmind.Whitealsosuggestsanynumberofunpleasantmoraltruths.Thetradeinivoryiswhiteanddirty.Kurtzthewhitemanistotallycorrupt3.CommentThebookimpliesthatcivilizationsarecreatedbythelawsandcodesthatencouragementoachievehigherstandards.Thelawactsasabuffertopreventmenfromrevertingbacktotheirdarkertendencies.Civilization,however,mustbelearned.Londonitself,inthebookasymbolofenlightenment,wasonce"oneofthedarkerplacesoftheearth"beforetheRomansforcedcivilizationupontheBritons.Butcivilizedsocietydoesnotgetridofprimevalsavagetendencieswhichlurkinthebackground.ThissavageryisseeninKurtz.MarlowmeetsKurtzandhefindsamanthathastotallythrownofftherestraintofcivilizationandhasde-evolvedintoaprimitivestate.4.Character【Kurtz】representswhateverymanwillbecomeiflefttohisownintrinsicdesireswithoutaprotective,civilizedenvironment.【Marlow】representsthecivilizedsoulthathasnotbeendrawnbackintosavagerybyadark,alienatingjungle.5.NarrativeStructureInHeartofDarkness,wehaveanoutsidenarratortellingusastoryhehasheardfromMarlow.ThestoryMarlowtellscentersaroundKurtz.However,mostofwhatMarlowknowsaboutKurtz,hehaslearnedfromothers.TheyhavegoodreasonfornotbeingtruthfultoMarlow.ThereforeMarlowhastopiecetogethermuchofKurtz’sstory.2.WilliamSomersetMaugham<OfHumanBondage>人性的枷鎖3.EdwardMorganFoster(E.M.Foster)<APassageToIndia>印度之行<HawardsEnd>霍華茲別墅

Modernists=1\*GB2⑴3Novelists=1\*GB3①JamesJoyce=2\*GB3②DavidHerbertLawrence=3\*GB3③VirgirniaWoolf

1.DavidHerbertLawrence戴維?赫伯特?勞倫斯1885~1930①<SonsAndLovers>兒子與情人(autobiographical)【Mrs.Morel】,daughterofamiddle-classfamily,is"awomanofcharacterandrefinement",astrong-willed,intelligentandambitiouswomanwhoisfascinatedbyawarm,vigorousandsensuouscoalminer,WalterMorel,andmarriedbeneathherownclass.Then,shewasdespondedatherhusbandandputherlovetohersons.Shehopesthattheywillbecomeoutstanding【PaulMorel】dependsheavilyonhismother’sloveandhelptomakesenseoftheworldaroundhim.Hestruggletofreefromhismother’sinfluence,buthefailed.Afterhismotherhasdiedandheisleftalone,indespair.Theme:Lawrencewasoneofthefirstnoveliststointroducethemesofpsychologyintohisworks.Hebelievedthatthehealthywayoftheindividual’spsychologicaldevelopmentlayintheprimacyofthelifeimplulse,orinanotherterm,thesexualimpulse.huamansexualitywas,toLawrence,asymboloflifeforce.bypresentingthepsychologicalexperienceofindivudualhumanlifeandofhumanrelationships,LawrencehasopenedupawidenewterritorytothenovelOedipusComplexisathematicfeatureofD.H.Lawrence’sSonsandLovers②<TheRainbow>虹③<WomenInLove>戀愛中的女人④

<LadyChatterley’sLover>查特萊夫人的情人2.JamesJoyce詹姆斯?喬伊斯1882~1941（愛爾蘭小說家，意識流小說的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness<Ulysses>尤利西斯(S_O_C)<APortraitOfTheArtistAsAYoungMan>一個青年藝術家的肖像<FinnegansWake>芬尼根的蘇醒<Dubliners>都柏林人

3.VirginiaWoolf弗吉尼婭?沃爾芙1882~1941（意識流小說的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness=1\*GB3①Novels<MrsDalloway>達洛維夫人<ToTheLighthouse>到燈塔去<TheWaves>浪<TheLighthouse><Jacob’sRoom>雅各布的房間<Orlando>奧蘭朵<BetweenTheActs>幕間=2\*GB2⑵2Poets=1\*GB3①W.B.Yeats(WilliamButlerYeats)=2\*GB3②T.S.Eliot(ThomasSternsEliot)1.WilliamButlerYeats威廉?勃特勒?葉茨1865~1939（愛爾蘭詩人，劇作家；TheIrishnationalistmovement愛爾蘭獨立運動；TheIrishLiteraryRevival愛爾蘭文藝復興；TheIrishLiteraryTheater,ortheAbbeyTheater愛爾蘭民族劇團）=1\*GB2⑴collections=1\*GB3①<TheWindAmongTheReeds>葦風<Responsibilities>責任=2\*GB3②<TheTower>塔<TheWindingStair>旋轉的樓梯=2\*GB2⑵Poems<Easter1916>復活節(jié)，1916<TheSecondComing>第二次來臨/再世<SailingToByzantium>到拜占庭航行2.ThomasSternsEliot（詩人，劇作家，批評家）=1\*GB2⑴Poems=1\*GB3①<TheWasteLand>=2\*GB3②<FourQuartets>四個四重奏③<TheLoveSongOfJ.AlfredPrufrock>=2\*GB2⑵Plays=1\*GB3①<MurderInTheCathedral>大教堂謀殺案10對外《英美文學史及作品選讀》期末考試復習材料一、名詞解釋1.

Enlightenment:

With

the

advent

of

the

18th

century,

in

England,

as

in

other

European

countries,

there

sprang

into

life

a

public

movement

known

as

the

Enlightenment.

The

Enlightenment

on

the

whole,

was

an

expression

of

struggle

of

the

then

progressive

class

of

bourgeois

against

feudalism.

They

fought

against

inequality,

stagnation,

prejudices

and

other

survivals

of

feudalism.

They

attempted

to

place

all

branches

of

science

at

the

service

of

mankind

by

connecting

them

with

the

actual

deeds

and

requirements

of

the

people.（啟蒙運動）

2.

Ode:

A

complex

and

often

lengthy

lyric

poem,

written

in

a

dignified

formal

style

on

some

lofty

or

serious

subject.

Odes

are

often

written

for

a

special

occasion,

to

honor

a

person

or

a

season

or

to

commemorate

an

event.（賦；頌歌；頌詩）

3.

Romanticism:

A

movement

that

flourished

in

literature,

philosophy,

music,

and

art

in

Western

culture

during

most

of

the

19th

century,

beginning

as

a

revolt

against

classicism.（浪漫主義）

4.

Epic:

A

long

narrative

poem

telling

about

the

deeds

of

a

great

hero

and

reflecting

the

values

of

the

society

from

which

it

originated.

Many

epics

were

drawn

from

an

oral

tradition

and

were

transmitted

by

song

and

recitation

before

they

were

written

down.（史詩）

5.

Romance:

Any

imagination

literature

that

is

set

in

an

idealized

world

and

that

deals

with

a

heroic

adventures

and

battles

between

good

characters

and

villains

or

monsters.（冒險故事；傳奇）

6.

Sonnet:

A

fourteen-line

lyric

poem,

usually

written

in

rhymed

iambic

pentameter.

A

sonnet

generally

expresses

a

single

theme

or

idea.（十四行詩）7.

Iambic

pentameter:

A

poetic

line

consisting

of

five

verse

feet,

with

each

foot

an

iamb—that

is,

an

unstressed

syllable

followed

by

a

stressed

syllable.

Iambic

pentameter

is

the

most

common

verse

line

in

English

poetry.（抑揚格五音步）8.

Couplet:

Two

consecutive

lines

of

poetry

that

rhyme.

A

heroic

couplet

is

an

iambic

pentameter

couplet.（兩行詩；對句）9.

Conceit:

A

kind

of

metaphor

that

makes

a

comparison

between

two

startlingly

different

things.

A

conceit

may

be

a

brief

metaphor,

but

it

usually

provides

the

framework

for

an

entire

poem.

An

especially

unusual

and

intellectual

kind

of

conceit

is

the

metaphysical

conceit.（奇喻）10.

Alliteration:

The

repetition

of

the

initial

consonant

sounds

in

poetry.（頭韻）二、考試大綱PartITheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(449—1066)1.LiteraturecharacteristicsLiterarydivisions:pagan&Christian2.RepresentativeachievementofAnglo-Saxonperiod—TheSongofBeowulf(了解Beowulf的文學地位，主題，故事梗概等內(nèi)容。)（1）Literaryposition:①anationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.②ThefirstmajorpoeminaEuropeanvernacularlanguage;（2）MajorThemes：①Goodnessconquersevil.②Menagainstnature③Tojudgethegreatnessofahumanbeingbythegreatnessofhisdeedsandhisnobleancestry.④Helpyourneighbor.⑤Forcesofalwaysatworkinsociety.（3）故事內(nèi)容：第一部分描敘丹麥霍格國王宏偉的宮殿，在前后十二年中，半人半魔的妖怪格蘭戴每晚出沒捉食霍格的戰(zhàn)士。此時恰巧瑞典南部濟茲王子貝奧武夫率家臣來訪，協(xié)助除害。國王當晚設宴款待，孰料妖怪格蘭戴又復出現(xiàn)，捉食一名濟茲戰(zhàn)士，貝奧武夫與之格斗，貝奧武夫扭斷其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重傷致死。第二天晚上，格蘭戴的母親前來為其子復仇，其后貝氏把她在一湖泊的洞穴中殺死。第二部分描敘貝奧武夫返國，被擁為王，前后五十年，舉國大治。最后貝奧武夫以垂老之年，殺一噴火巨龍，但其個人亦因而身受重創(chuàng)，終於身死。詩末敘其葬禮，并有挽歌。3.definetheterms:epic,alliterationPartIITheAnglo-NormanPeriod1.了解中世紀文學特點：傳奇文學（romance）特點及其題材（1）Specialfeaturesofromance：A).Tosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeedsinverseorprose.B).Motifsofthequest,challenge,test,andmeetingwiththeevilgiant.C).Theheroistheknight,settingoutonajourneytoaccomplishsomegoal--toprotectthechurchandthepoor,toattackinfidelity,torescueamaiden,tomeetachallenge,ortoobeyaknightlycommand.D).Mysteriesandfantasies(improbable,supernatural)E).RomanticloveF).StandardizedcharacterizationHeroes,heroinesandwickedstewardscanbeeasilymovedfromoneromancetoanother.G).LooseandepisodicstructureH).Thelanguageandstylearesimpleandstraightforward.I).Theromancereflectsachivalricage.（2）Thethreemajorsubjects:A.TheMatterofFrance(aboutCharlemagneandhispeers)B.TheMatterofGreece&Rome(storiesabouttheancientRomans,andtheGreeks)C.TheMatterofBritain(aboutKingArthurandhisround-tableknights2.了解SirGawainandtheGreenKnight的故事梗概、寫作特點、主題。（1）《高文爵士和綠衣騎士》故事梗概：某年圣誕節(jié)，亞瑟王在自己的宮廷里舉行宴會。一位綠衣騎士前來向圓桌騎士挑戰(zhàn)：有誰敢當場砍下他的頭，并讓他一年后回敬一斧。高文接受挑戰(zhàn)，砍下了綠衣騎士的頭。那具依然活著的軀體撿起頭顱，回到綠色的教堂。一年以后，高文踐約去尋找綠衣騎士，來到一座城堡。城堡女主人趁丈夫外出狩獵耍盡花招引誘高文；高文不為所動。最后高文在向導的陪同下離開城堡前往綠色教堂。綠衣騎士原來就是城堡的男主人，他舉斧向高文進攻三次，前兩次落空，第三次在他的脖子上劃出輕傷。綠衣騎士向他解釋：落空的兩斧是對他兩次不受女主人誘惑并如實交換所得之物的回報，第三斧則是對高文隱瞞女主人送他腰帶的懲罰。高文辭別綠衣騎士返回亞瑟王的宮廷，將自己的歷險告訴眾人，騎士們一致認為他為圓桌騎士爭了光。那根女主人送他的腰帶成了純潔的道德的象征。（2）寫作特點：故事的結構極為完整而集中，形成一個有機整體。第三部分故事雙管齊下，有條不紊，而不顯重復。作者善于運用懸念，善于烘托氣氛，尤其是四季的景色、宮廷的華麗、奇異的冒險,富于浪漫主義色彩。對話流暢自然,尤其高文與城堡主婦的對話，有攻有守，十分生動。從結構、敘事、心理描寫、對話等方面看，已有點象近代小說。從詩歌形式講，它和《珍珠篇》等詩有異曲同工之妙,全詩共分101段,每段20、30行不等，都是雙聲體,但每段結尾都有“輪”，指用兩個音節(jié)作一行打住，下面是四短行押韻詩，非常工整。（3）Majorthemes：A.Naturevs.humansocietyB.ThefutilityofhumanconstructionsC.TheviabilityofchivalricvaluesD.ThefallofmanandlossofinnocenceE.FaithinGodF.CelticPaganSourcesandChristianoverlay3.definetheterm:romancePartIIIGeoffreyChaucer1.了解Chaucer文學地位、文學貢獻，掌握其寫作特點及代表作。（1）喬叟地位與貢獻：①founderofEnglishpoetry.②founderofEnglishrealism.③thefirstgreatpoetwritingintheEnglishlanguage.④introduced(fromFrance)therhymedstanzaofvarioustypesesp.therhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter(heroiccouplet)insteadoftheoldalliterativeverse.（五音步抑揚格的雙行押韻體;英雄雙韻體）⑤establishedEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.⑥madethedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.（2）ArtisticFeatures：①MessengerofHumanismAffirmman'srighttopursueearthlyhappinessPraiseman'senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflifeExposeandsatirizethesocialvices,includingreligiousabuses②ThefirstimportantrealisticwriterPresentacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyCreateawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflifeExplorethethemeoftheindividual'srelationtothesociety ③“Father”ofEnglishpoetryIntroducetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEnglishpoetry(e.g.heroiccouplet)DevelophisartofpoetryMasteroftheEnglishlanguage（3）代表作TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》、BookoftheDuchess《公爵夫人之書》、TheHouseofFame《聲譽之宮》2.掌握TheCanterburyTales的故事梗概、寫作特點、主題。熟悉、掌握并學會分析GeneralPrologue的內(nèi)容及結構特點。（1）故事梗概：敘述朝圣者一行30人會聚在泰巴旅店，這些朝圣者有騎士、僧尼、商人、手工藝者、醫(yī)生、律師、學者、農(nóng)夫、家庭主婦等當時英國社會各個階層的人士，他們準備前往坎特伯雷去朝拜圣托馬斯。店主愛熱鬧，自告奮勇為他們擔任向導，并提議在往返圣地的途中每人來回講兩個故事，以解旅途中的寂寥，并由店主做裁判，選出講故事最好的人，回到旅店后大家合起來請他吃飯。眾人接受了店主的建議，于是次日一同踏上朝圣之途，并開始講故事。（2）features:①Alltalesbuttwoarewritteninverse(poetry);②Connectedintwoways:thehost’scriticizing;intimateconnectionbetweenthetalesandthePrologue.③inordertogetabetterunderstandingofeachtale,readershavetoread