細菌的生物學形狀七年制

細菌的生物學形狀七年制Morphology

and

Structureof

BacteriaSection

1I

、

Size

and

Shape

ofbacteriaSize

of

bacteriameasure

unit

-----

μm

(micrometer)炭疽芽胞桿菌3-10

μm大中大腸埃希菌2-3

μm小布魯菌0.6-1.5

μmShape

of

bacteriadiplococcus

;

streptococcus;staphylococcus;

tetrads;sarcinaCoccusstreptobacillus;

coccobacilluBacillusmycobacterium;

bifidobacteriuSpiralvibrio

;

spirillum

;bacteriuhmelicobacterium

;淋球菌鏈球菌葡萄球菌大家有疑問的，可以詢問和交流可以互相討論下，但要小聲點四聯(lián)球菌八疊球菌大腸桿菌核梭桿菌炭疽桿菌雙歧桿菌炭疽桿菌結核桿菌大腸桿菌幽門螺桿菌霍亂弧菌Structure

of

BacteriaStructure

of

BacteriaPlasmidcell

wallElementary

structurecell

membranecytoplasmnucleoidcapsuleSpecial

structureflagellum

(flagellpilus

(pili)sporeElementary

structureCell

Wall1、

structure

&

chemical

positionpeptidoglycan(mucopeptide)polysaccharide

backboneN-acetylglucosamine

(G)and

N-acetylmuramic

acid

(M)linked

alternately

in

a

chain、tetrapeptide

side

chainlink

muramic acid

,G+

:

ala-glu-lys-alaG-

:

ala-glu-DAP-ala3)

pentapeptide

bridgeG+【L-glycine】5MMGMMMGGGMpenicillinMMlysozymeGMGStructure

of

peptidoglycan

of

G+

bacteriGGGGMMalagluDAPalaalaglu

alaDAPStructure

of

peptidoglycan

of

G-

bacteriaSpecial

ponents

of

G+

cell

wall1、teichoic

acids:wall

teichoic

acidmembrane

teichoic

acid(lipoteichoic

acid,

LTA)function

:the

major

surface

antigens

of

the

gram-positive

bacteriaassociated

with

pathogenicity

(adhesion)2、protein:SPA,

M-proteinSpecial

ponents

of

G-

cell

wall1、lipopolysaccharide(LPS)lipid

A

---endotoxin

,

non-genus

specificcore

polysaccharide3)specific

polysaccharide2、Outer

membrane

protein:exchange

;

receptor

(sex

pili

,phage);

porin3、Lipoprotein4、periplasmic

space“O”oAguter

membThe

Function

of

Cell

Wallprotectionkeep

the

constant

shapeantigenicityexchange

materialL-Forms

of

Bacteriacell

wall

deficient

form1)Morphology:

highly

pleomorphic;

G-fried

egg

colonyreversionG+------protoplastsG-

------spheroplasts2)Media

:

high

osmotic

;3)Pathogenicity

:

chronic

infections;resistant

to

antibiotic

treatmentcell

membranemesosomemesosomeinvagination

vesicular

membraneincrease

membrane

areamesosomeseptal

mesosome

:

cell

divisionmesosomeMembrane-associated

proteins1、Penicillin-binding

protein(PBP)2、Protein

secretion

system:G-five

pathways

of

protein

secretionI;

II;

III;

IV;

V3、Two-ponent

systemTwo-ponent

signal

transduction

systemribosome70S

(30S+50S)RNA(66%),

protein(34%)rRNA---23S,

16S,

5Santibiotictargetprotein

synthesizecytoplasmribosomeplasmidcircleextra-chromosomal

genetic

materialdouble

chains

DNAreplicated

independentlycarry

genetic

informationcontrol

some

functions

of

bacteriafactor

F

---------control

sex

pilusfactor

R----------control

drug

resistancecol

faction------control

E、col、to

producebacteriocin、plasmidCytoplasmic

granulesreserve

materialhepatinmetachromatic

granuleNucleoidDNA;histone-like

protein,

RNASpecialStructurecapsuleslime

layer

outside

the

cell

wallposed

of

polysaccharide

orpolypeptideproduce:

in

animal

bodyin

media

with

serum

or

sugar>0、2

μmcapsule<0、2

μm

microcapsule肺炎雙球菌莢膜pneumococcus莢膜Function1、anti—phagocytosis2、adherence3、protected

fromthelytic

action

of

plements,

lysozymeand

damage

of antimicrobial

agents、4、anti-dry5、antigenicityFlagellaLong

filamentous

appendageOriginate

in

the

protoplasmic

membraneFunction1、motility2、antigenicity:“H”Ag3、

pathogenicity

some

bacteria

(vibrio)霍亂弧菌假單胞菌傷寒桿菌螺旋體空腸彎曲菌peritrichouspolarpilirigid surface

appendage;G-1、

mon

pilus

:

100—200/celladhere

to

surface

of

bacteriaassociated

with

pathogenicity、2、

sex

pilus

:

1-4/cellmale

bacteria

with

sex

pilustransfer

of

genetic

material(DNA)during

bacteria

conjugation

F+--------F-大腸桿菌普通菌毛大腸桿菌性菌毛普通菌毛普通菌毛sporedormant

form

(resting

forms

)forming:

inadequate

nutritiongerminationspore

vegetative

formactivation

initiation

outgrowt肉毒桿菌芽胞炭疽桿菌芽胞肉毒桿菌芽胞破傷風桿菌芽胞肉毒桿菌芽胞破傷風桿菌芽胞Structure

of

Sporecoregermination3)

functionhighly

resistant

to

heat,

chemical

andreason:(1)many

layers

----thick

coatlittle

waterlarge

amount

of

calcium

dipicolinic

acid(吡啶二羧酸鈣)(4)heat-stable

enzymeSection

2Bacterial

Multiplication

anMetabolismBacterial

MultiplicatiBacterial

requirements

for

growthnutrientsoptimal

pHoptimal

temperatureoxygen

(or

absence)osmotic

pressureNutrient

Requirementscarboninorganic

saltnitrogenwatergrowth

factorpHgrow

best

at

neutral

pH:7、2~7、6Some

can

survive/growacid

pH

3alkali

pH

9Growth

temperaturepsychrophile:

-5~30℃mesophile:

10~45℃human

body

temperature:

37

℃pathogensopportuniststhermophile:

25~95℃Growth

atmospherestrict

(obligate)

aerobemicroaerophilic

bacteriumfacultative

anaerobestrict

(obligate)

anaerobegrow

inReason

that

obligate

anaerobes

can’toxygen

condition:Lack

of

cytochrome

and

cytochromase Eh

300mv/120mvLack

of

superoxide

dismutase

(SOD)

,catalase

,

peroxidasesuperoxide

dism