博森gmat強化班課程sc強化講義

除SC小妖的三大神器whichV+ing同位語先來看一題There

are

no

legal

limits,

as

there

are

for

cod

andhaddock,

on

the

size

of

monkfish

that

can

be

caught,

acircumstance

that

contributes

to

their

depletionthrough

overfishing.There

are

no

legal

limits,

as

there

are

for

cod

and

haddock,

on

thesize

of

monkfish

that

can

be

caught,

a

circumstance

that

contributesto

their

depletion

through

overfishing.There

are

no

legal

limits

on

the

size

of

monkfish

that

can

be

caught,

unlike

cod

or

haddock,

a

circumstance

that

contributes

to

depleting

them

because

they

are

being

overfished.There

are

legal

limits

on

the

size

of

cod

and

haddock

that

can

becaught,

but

not

for

monkfish,

which

contributes

to

its

depletionthrough

overfishing.Unlike

cod

and

haddock,

there

are

no

legal

size

limits

on

catchingmonkfish,

which

contributes

to

its

depletion

by

being

overfished.Unlike

catching

cod

and

haddock,

there

are

no

legal

size

limits

oncatching

monkfish,

contributing

to

their

depletion

because

they

areoverfished.鏈接：/question/01adlh.html孰對孰錯？沒有對和錯，其實質(zhì)是語法指代和邏輯指代是否統(tǒng)一，是指代問題問題和動作邏輯發(fā)出者問題兩個維度的綜合考慮。which怎么指？老生常談加點新意-ing怎么指？中國高考還不夠同位語怎么回事兒？高端大氣上檔次例題1The

Environmental

Protection

Agency’s

proposal

toplace

restrictions

on

both

diesel

fuel

and

diesel

engines

has

sparked

a

counterattack

by

the

oil

industry,

sayingthat

the

move

will

exacerbate

the

nation’s

fuel

supplyproblems.on

both

diesel

fuel

and

diesel

engines

has

sparked

acounterattack

by

the

oil

industry,

sayingon

both

diesel

fuel

and

engines

have

sparked

the

oil

industryto

counterattack,

and

they

sayon

both

diesel

fuel

and

diesel

engines

has

sparked

a counterattack

by

the

oil

industry,

which

saysboth

on

diesel

fuel

and

engines

has

sparked

the

oil

industry

to a

counterattack,

sayingboth

on

diesel

fuel

and

diesel

engines

have

sparked

the

oilindustry

to

counterattack,

and

it

says鏈接：/question/13aduh.html例題2Past

assessments

of

the

Brazilian

rain

forest

have

usedsatellite

images

to

tally

deforested

areas,

where

farmers

andranchers

have

clear-cut

and

burned

all

the

trees,

but

suchwork

has

not

addressed

either

logging,

which

is

the

removal

of

only

selected

trees,

as

well

as

surface

fires,

burning

downindividual

trees

but

do

not

denude

the

forest.which

is

the

removal

of

only

selected

trees,

as

well

assurface

fires,

burningwhich

removes

only

selected

trees,

or

surface

fires

thatburnwhich

removes

only

selected

trees,

along

with

surface fires

that

burnremoving

only

selected

trees,

or

surface

fires,

burningremoving

only

selected

trees,

as

well

as

surface

fires

thatburn鏈接：/question/f74a6h.html例題3By

sucking

sap

from

the

young

twigs

of

the

hemlock

tree,

tree

growth

is

retarded

by

the

woolly

adelgid,

causing

needles

tochange

color

from

deep

green

to

grayish

green

and

to

dropprematurely.tree

growth

is

retarded

by

the

woolly

adelgid,

causing

needles

tochange

color

from

deep

green

to

grayish

green

and

to

droptree

growth

is

retarded

by

the

woolly

adelgid,

and

this

causesthe

color

of

needles

to

change

from

deep

green

to

grayish

green,and

their

droppingthe

woolly

adelgid

retards

tree

growth,

which

causes

needles

tochange

color

from

deep

green

to

grayish

green,

and

droppingthe

woolly

adelgid

retards

tree

growth,

causing

needles

tochange

color

from

deep

green

to

grayish

green

and

to

dropthe

woolly

adelgid

retards

tree

growth,

and

this

causes

the

colorof

needles

to

change

from

deep

green

to

grayish

green,

and

the

their

dropping鏈接：

/question/7c9bsh.html例題4In

2000,

a

mere

two

dozen

products

accounted

for

half

theincrease

in

spending

on

prescription

drugs,

a

phenomenon

that

is

explained

not

just

because

of

more

expensive

drugs

but

by

thefact

that

doctors

are

writing

many

more

prescriptions

for

higher-cost

drugs.a

phenomenon

that

is

explained

not

just

because

of

moreexpensive

drugs

but

by

the

fact

that

doctors

are

writinga

phenomenon

that

is

explained

not

just

by

the

fact

thatdrugs

are

becoming

more

expensive

but

also

by

the

fact

thatdoctors

are

writinga

phenomenon

occurring

not

just

because

of

drugs

that

are becoming

more

expensive

but

because

of

doctors

having also

writtenwhich

occurred

not

just

because

drugs

are

becoming

more expensive

but

doctors

are

also

writingwhich

occurred

not

just

because

of

more

expensive

drugs

butbecause

doctors

have

also

written鏈接：

/question/f8b2bh.html上二檔：一些更深刻的東西Which的用法更精確的理解-ing少年維特之煩惱和夢之初解其它指代方式、部分細節(jié)延伸1Emily

Dickinson’s

letters

to

Susan

Huntington

Dickinson

were

written

over

a

period

beginning

a

few

years

before

Susan’s

marriage

to

Emily’sbrother

and

ending

shortly

before

Emily’s

death

in

1886,

outnumberingher

letters

to

anyone

else.Dickinson

were

written

over

a

period

beginning

a

few

years

beforeSusan’s

marriage

to

Emily’s

brother

and

ending

shortly

beforeEmily’s

death

in

1886,

outnumberingDickinson

were

written

over

a

period

that

begins

a

few

years

beforeSusan’s

marriage

to

Emily’s

brother

and

ended

shortly

beforeEmily’s

death

in

1886,

outnumberDickinson,

written

over

a

period

beginning

a

few

years

beforeSusan’s

marriage

to

Emily’s

brother

and

that

ends

shortly

beforeEmily’s

death

in

1886and

outnumberingDickinson,

which

were

written

over

a

period

beginning

a

few

yearsbefore

Susan’s

marriage

to

Emily’s

brother,

ending

shortly

beforeEmily’s

death

in

1886,

and

outnumberingDickinson,

which

were

written

over

a

period

beginning

a

few

yearsbefore

Susan’s

marriage

to

Emily’s

brother

and

ending

shortlybefore

Emily’s

death

in

1886,

outnumber鏈接：

/question/7694qr.html延伸2Although

she

had

been

known

as

an

effective

legislator

first

in

the

Texas

Senateand

later

in

the

United

States

House

of

Representatives,

not

until

Barbara

Jordan’s

participation

in

the

hearings

on

the

impeachment

of

President

Richard

Nixon

in1974

was

she

made

a

nationally

recognized

figure,

as

it

was

televised

nationwide.later

in

the

United

States

House

of

Representatives,

not

until

Barbara

Jordan’sparticipation

in

the

hearings

on

the

impeachment

of

President

Richard

Nixon

in

1974

wasshe

made

a

nationally

recognized

figure,

as

it

waslater

in

the

United

States

House

of

Representatives,

Barbara

Jordan

did

not

become

anationally

recognized

figure

until

1974,

when

she

participated

in

the

hearings

on

theimpeachment

of

President

Richard

Nixon,

which

werelater

in

the

Untied

States

House

of

Representatives,

it

was

not

until

1974

that

Barbara Jordan

became

a

nationally

recognized

figure,

with

her

participation

in

the

hearings

on the

impeachment

of

President

Richard

Nixon,

which

wasthen

also

later

in

the

United

States

House

of

Representatives,

not

until

1974

did

Barbara Jordan

become

a

nationally

recognized

figure,

as

she

participated

in

the

hearings

on

the impeachment

of

President

Richard

Nixon,

beingthen

also

later

in

the

United

States

House

of

Representatives,

Barbara

Jordan

did

notbecome

a

nationally

recognized

figure

until

1974,

when

she

participated

in

the

hearingson

the

impeachment

of

President

Richard

Nixon,

which

was鏈接：

/question/7e7bkh.html動詞-ing之困惑By

1940,

the

pilot

Jacqueline

Cochran

held

seventeen

official

national

andinternational

speed

records,

and

she

earned

them

at

a

time

when

aviation

was

still

so

new

for

many

of

the

planes

she

flew

to

be

ofdangerously

experimental

design.and

she

earned

them

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time

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aviation

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new

formany

of

the

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flew

to

beearning

them

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a

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that

aviation

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new

for

many

of

theplanes

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flew

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beearning

these

at

a

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aviation

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still

so

new

that

many

ofthe

planes

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flew

were

earned

at

a

time

in

which

aviation

was

still

so

new

such

that

many

ofthe

planes

she

flew

were

earned

at

a

time

when

aviation

was

still

so

new

that

many

of

theplanes

she

flew

were看看OG老頭怎么說：

B.

Here,

the

word

earning

takes

the

pilot

herself,

not

the

records,

as

itssubject.

However,

earning

is

close

to

the

records,

not

to

JacquelineCochran,

making

this

sentence

hard

to

process.

C.

The

word

earning

takes

the

pilot

herself,

not

the

records,

as

itssubject.

However,

earning

is

close

to

the

records,

not

to

JacquelineCochran,

making

this

sentence

hard

to

understand.

E.

Correct.

The

word

earned

is

close

to

the

noun

it

modifies,

speedrecords.再看Emily

Dickinson’s

letters

to

Susan

Huntington

Dickinson

were

written

over

a

period

beginning

a

few

years

before

Susan’s

marriage

to

Emily’s

brotherand

ending

shortly

before

Emily’s

death

in

1886,

outnumbering

her

lettersto

anyone

else.A.

Dickinson

were

written

over

a

period

beginning

a

few

years

beforeSusan’s

marriage

to

Emily’s

brother

and

ending

shortly

before

Emily’sdeath

in

1886,

outnumbering解釋：A.The

long,wordy

opening

clause

gives

too

much

emphasis

to

theperiod

when

Dickinson’s

letters

were

written;it

is

unclear

whatoutnumbering

refers

to.連接：/question/7694qr.html還有這個

Neuroscientists,

having

amassed

a

wealth

of

knowledge

over

the

past

twenty

years

about

the

brain

and

its

development

from

birth

toadulthood,

are

now

drawing

solid

conclusions

about

how

the

humanbrain

grows

and

how

babies

acquire

language.A

Neuroscientists,

having

amassed

a

wealth

of

knowledge

over

thepast

twenty

years

about

the

brain

and

its

development

from

birth

toadulthood,

areB

Neuroscientists,

having

amassed

a

wealth

of

knowledge

about

thebrain

and

its

development

from

birth

to

adulthood

over

the

pasttwenty

years,

and

areC

Neuroscientists

amassing

a

wealth

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knowledge

about

the

brain

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development

from

birth

to

adulthood

over

the

past

twenty

years,and

areD

Neuroscientists

have

amassed

a

wealth

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knowledge

over

the

pasttwenty

years

about

the

brain

and

its

development

from

birth

toadulthood,E

Neuroscientists

have

amassed,

over

the

past

twenty

years,

a

wealthof

knowledge

about

the

brain

and

its

development

from

birth

toadulthood,老頭如是說

D

The

final

descriptor

in

present

tense,

nowdrawing

conclusions

…

does

not

fit

theopening

clause,

which

is

in

present-perfecttense

(have

amassed

a

wealth

…)

and

seemsto

modify

adulthood但是老頭又自打嘴巴，請看：Charles

Lindbergh,

for

his

attempt

at

a

solo

transatlantic

flight,

was

veryreluctant

to

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any

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weight

on

his

plane,

he

therefore

refused

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a

pound

of

mail,

despite

being

offered

$1,000

to

do

so.E.

Very

reluctant

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any

extra

weight

on

his

plane

when

heattempted

his

solo

transatlantic

flight,

Charles

Lindbergh請注意劃線外面的despite

being

offered。連接：/question/3048vh.html如何處理老頭這一糾結(jié)？只有左右逢源！

Imported

into

Massachusetts

form

Europe

in

1869,

the

gypsy

moth

was

used

by

a

French

scientist

in

an

attempt

at

developing

a

strongstrain

of

silk-producing

insects,

crossing

gypsy

moths

with

adult

silkworms.A.

Imported

into

Massachusetts

from

Europe

in

1869,

the

gypsy

mothwas

used

by

a

French

scientist

in

an

attempt

at

developing

a

strongstrain

of

silk-producing

insects,

crossing

gypsy

moths

with

adultsilkworms.連接：/question/c9fbfh.html延伸

Hydrocarbons,

with

which

fruit

flies

perfume

themselves

in

species-specific

blends,

are

known

to

be

important

in

courtship,

andapparently

this

assists

flies

that

taste

the

hydrocarbons

on

prospectivemates

to

distinguish

their

own

species

from

that

of

others.

(A)

and

apparently

this

assists

flies

that

taste

the

hydrocarbons

onprospective

mates

to

distinguish

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own

species

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of

(B)

and

apparently

this

assists

flies

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taste

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in

distinguishing

their

own

species

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of

(C)

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assists

flies

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mates

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able

to

distinguish

their

own

species

from

(D)

apparently

assisting

flies

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the

hydrocarbons

on

prospectivemates

to

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own

species

from

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of

(E)

apparently

assisting

flies

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onprospective

mates

in

distinguishing

their

own

species

from

In

1988,

the

Council

on

Economic

Priorities

beganpublishing

Shopping

for

a

Better

World,

with

the

simple

thesis

of

consumers

having

the

power

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companies

by

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simple

expedient

ofrefusing

to

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simple

thesis

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havingwhere

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thesis

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results

of

the

company"s

cost-cutting

measuresare

evident

in

its

profits,

which

increased

five

percent

during

the

first

three

months

of

this

year

after

it

fellover

the

last

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A

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Ocean

Wildlife

Campaign

urged

states

toundertake

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remedies

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reverse

a

decline

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theshark

population,

which

includes

the

establishment

of

sizelimits

for

shark

catches,

closing

state

waters

for

shark

fishingduring

pupping

season,

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requiring

commercial

fishers

tohave

federal

shark

permits.

which

includes

the

establishment

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size

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for

shark

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which

includes

establishing

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to

the

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sharks

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closing

which

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the

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size

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ofincluding

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including

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closing

of總結(jié)

以上三個結(jié)構(gòu)的取舍問題，其實就是分別判斷“按語法誰發(fā)出”，和“按邏輯誰發(fā)出”兩個終極追問。

GMAT句子改正關(guān)注的邏輯問題，其實也不過如是。

The

cottontail

rabbit

population

in

OrangeCounty,

California,

has

increased

uncheckedin

recent

years

as

a

result

of

the

removal

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the

native

fox

population

and

the

clearing

ofsurrounding

woodlands.(A)

years

as

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removal

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years

as

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removing(C)

years,

resulting

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years,

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years,

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By

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publishing

divisions,

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company

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share

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the

country"s

$21

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book

market

from

6

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a

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from

obscuretextbooks

to

mass-market

paperbacks.

their

share

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from

6percent

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10

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a

market

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6

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10

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its

share

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the

$21

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the

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6

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their

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$21

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the

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the

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share

of

the

country"s

$21billion

book

market,

which

ranges

The

32

species

that

make

up

the

dolphin

family

areclosely

related

to

whales

and

in

fact

include

the

animal

known

as

the

killer

whale,

which

can

grow

tobe

30

feet

long

and

is

famous

for

its

aggressivehunting

pods.

include

the

animal

known

as

the

killer

whale,

whichcan

grow

to

be

30

feet

long

and

is

include

the

animal

known

as

the

killer

whale,growing

as

big

as

30

feet

long

and

include

the

animal

known

as

the

killer

whale,growing

up

to

30

feet

long

and

being

includes

the

animal

known

as

the

killer

whale,

whichcan

grow

as

big

as

30

feet

long

and

is

includes

the

animal

known

as

the

killer

whale,

whichcan

grow

to

be

30

feet

long

and

it

is

Soaring

television

costs

accounted

for

morethan

half

the

spending

in

the

presidentialcampaign

of

1992,

a

greater

proportion

than

it

was

in

any

previous

election.a

greater

proportion

than

it

wasa

greater

proportion

thana

greater

proportion

than

they

have

beenwhich

is

greater

than

was

sowhich

is

greater

than

it

has

been類比

OG10-

198.

Although

Napoleon"s

armyentered

Russia

with

far

more

supplies

thanthey

had

in

their

previous

campaigns,

it

hadprovisions

for

only

twenty-four

days.(A)

they

had

in

their

previous

campaigns(B)

their

previous

campaigns

had

had(C)

they

had

for

any

previous

campaign(D)

in

their

previous

campaigns(E)

for

any

previous

campaign

The

yield

of

natural

gas

from

Norway"s

Troll

gas

field

is

expected

to

increase

annually

until

the

year

2005

and

then

to

stabilize

at

six

billion

cubic

feet

a

day,

which

will

allow

such

anextraction

rate

at

least

for

50

years"

production.

2005

and

then

to

stabilize

at

six

billion

cubic

feet

a

day,

whichwill

allow

such

an

extraction

rate

at

least

for

2005

and

then

to

stabilize

at

six

billion

cubic

feet

a

day,

anextraction

rate

that

will

allow

at

least

2005

and

then

stabilizing

at

six

billion

cubic

feet

a

day,

withsuch

an

extraction

rate

at

the

least

allowing

2005,

then

stabilizing

at

six

billion

cubic

feet

a

day,

allowingsuch

an

extraction

rate

for

at

least

2005,

then

stabilizing

at

six

billion

cubic

feet

a

day,

which

willallow

such

an

extraction

rate

for

at

least

One

automobile

manufacturer

has

announced

plans

to

increasethe

average

fuel

efficiency

of

its

sport

utility

vehicles

by

25percent

over

the

next

five

years,

amounting

to

roughly

fivemiles

per

gallon,

and

representing

the

first

significant

change

inthe

fuel

efficiency

of

any

class

of

passenger

vehicle

in

almosttwo

decades.

(A)

amounting

to

roughly

five

miles

per

gallon,

andrepresenting

(B)

amounting

to

roughly

five

miles

per

gallon,

and

it

wouldrepresent

(C)

an

increase

that

would

amount

to

roughly

five

miles

pergallon

and

it

would

represent

(D)

an

increase

that

would

amount

to

roughly

five

miles

pergallon

and

would

represent

(E)

which

is

an

increase

amounting

to

roughly

five

miles

pergallon,

representing

Sixty-five

million

years

ago,

according

to

somescientists,

an

asteroid

bigger

than

Mount

Everestslammed

into

North

America,

which,

causing

plant

and

animal

extinctions,

marks

the

end

of

thegeologic

era

known

as

the

Cretaceous

Period.

(A)

which,

causing

plant

and

animal

extinctions,marks

(B)

which

caused

the

plant

and

animal

extinctionsmarking

(C)

and

causing

plant

and

animal

extinctions

thatmark

(D)

an

event

that

caused

plant

and

animalextinctions,

and

it

marks

(E)

an

event

that

caused

the

plant

and

animalextinctions

that

mark

The

electronics

company

has

unveiled

what

it

claims

to

be

the

world"s

smallest

network

digital

camcorder,

the

length

of

whichis

that

of

a

handheld

computer,

and

it

weighs

less

than

11ounces.

(A)

to

be

the

world"s

smallest

network

digital

camcorder,

thelength

of

which

is

that

of

a

handheld

computer,

and

it

weighs

(B)

to

be

the

smallest

network

digital

camcorder

in

the

world,which

is

as

long

as

a

handheld

computer,

weighing

(C)

is

the

smallest

network

digital

camcorder

in

the

world,

whichis

as

long

as

a

handheld

computer,

and

it

weighs

(D)

is

the

world"s

smallest

network

digital

camcorder,

which

is

aslong

as

a

handheld

computer

and

weighs

(E)

is

the

world"s

smallest

network

digital

camcorder,

the

lengthof

which

is

that

of

a

handheld

computer,

weighing

In

the

mid-1970’s,

since

birds

were

overcome

by

pollution,

and

routinely

falling

from

the

sky

above

Los

Angeles

freeways,

thisprompted

officials

in

California

to

devise

a

plan

that

reducedautomobile

emissions.

since

birds

were

overcome

by

pollution,

and

routinely

falling

from

thesky

above

Los

Angeles

freeways,

this

prompted

officials

in

California

todevise

a

plan

that

reduced

since

birds

that

had

been

overcome

by

pollution

were

routinely

fallingfrom

the

sky

above

Los

Angeles

freeways,

it

prompted

officials

inCalifornia

to

devise

a

plan

that

would

reduce

birds

had

been

overcome

by

pollution

and

routinely

fell

from

the

skyabove

Los

Angeles

freeways,

prompting

officials

in

California

to

devisea

plan

that

reduced

birds

overcome

by

pollution

routinely

fell

from

the

sky

above

LosAngeles

freeways,

prompting

officials

in

California

to

devise

a

plan

toreduce

birds

overcome

by

pollution

and

routinely

falling

from

the

sky

aboveLos

Angeles

freeways

were

prompting

officials

in

California

to

devise

aplan

to

reduce

A

Swiss

government

panel

recommended

that

thecountry

sell

about

half

of

its

gold

reserves

and

this

raised

fears

of

other

countries

that

do

the

same

andinundate

the

market.reserves

and

this

raised

fears

of

other

countries

that

reserves,

which,

as

a

result,

raised

fears

of

othercountries

that

reserves,

as

a

result,

they

feared

that

other

countrieswouldreserves,

raising

fears

that

other

countries

The

nineteenth-century

chemist

Humphry

Davypresented

the

results

of

his

early

experiments

in

his“Essay

on

Heat

and

Light,”

a

critique

of

all

chemistry

since

Robert

Boyle

as

well

as

a

vision

of

a

newchemistry

that

Davy

hoped

to

found.

a

critique

of

all

chemistry

since

Robert

Boyle

as

wellas

a

vision

of

a

a

critique

of

all

chemistry

following

Robert

Boyle

andalso