高考英語語法復習：表語從句講義

表語從句定義：在復合句中作表語的從句稱表語從句。即表語從句和主語指同一個內(nèi)容，它對主語進行解釋說明，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當復合句的表語。一.表語從句位置主語表示事實，真理的名詞。如：fact,truth或表示看法，觀點的名詞。如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等放句子開頭。從句在be,seem,remain,look,sound,smell,get等連系動詞后由充當表語,這個句子就稱之為表語從句。（主語+系動詞+連接詞+表語從句）.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand..That'swhywe'vegivenyoutheletter..Thequestioniswhetherthebookisworthreading.tlooksasifitisgoingtorain.二.表語從句的連接詞從屬連詞:that,whether（無if）asifVthough,because（特有）連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,which連接副詞:when,where,why,how8w+hthat,whether引導的表語從句，只起連接作用，在從句中不做成分。that無詞義,一般不省略。whether意為“是否”，不能換成if。l）TheproblemisthatIdon'tlookanydifferentfromothers.2）ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.3)Myworryiswhethershelikedthegift.4)Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.Asif/though引導的表語從句,意為“好像，猶如”,常放在連系動詞seem,appear,look,sound,smell,feel,taste,become等后面，可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。Youlookasifyouhavehadagoodtime.ItsoundsasifyouarefromthesouthoftheUSA.HelooksasifhewerefromtheMars.Asif/thou?引導的方式狀語從句,表示“事情是怎么做的”或“一個人或事物是什么樣的”。Hetalksaboutthebookasifhehadreadit.2)Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.3)Shespoketomeasifsheknewme.4)Youansweredthequestionasifyoudidnotknowthisrule.5)Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother.虛擬語氣：⑴如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句：if+主語+did.(be動詞都用were)主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do.(我是邁克)⑵從句表示與過去事實相反，從句：if+主語+had+done.主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have+done.(我是邁克)⑶從句表示與將來事實相反,從句：①if+主語+should+do.②if+主語+did.(be動詞都用were)③if+主語+weretodo.主句：主語+should/would/could/might+be/do.(我是邁克)because引導的表語從句，意為“因為”，主句的主語不能是reason0如果主句的主語是reason,表語從句連接詞用that而不是why或because,常見句型如:(l)Thereasonwhy…is/wasthat... 的原因是(2)This/That/Itis/waswhy... 這/那就是為什么+(結(jié)果)(3)This/That/Itis/wasbecause...這/那是因為 +(原因)Thereasonwhyhefailedtheexamisthathewastoocareless.Thatwaswhyhefailedtheexam.Thatwasbecausehewastoocareless.注意：句型Thereason…isbecausethat…，是錯誤的what,which,who,whom,whose引導的表語從句,除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中充當成分，本身具有詞義。l)Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.2)Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.where,when,why,how引導的表語從句，除在句中起連接作用外，還可在從句中充當成分，本身具有詞義。.ThatswhereIcan'tagreewithyou..ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting..Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties..Ourquestioniswhentheepidemicwillbeover.三.注意事項.主語是suggestion,advice,order,proposal提議，建議)，request,plan等表示建議、命令、要求、的名詞時，表語從句應該用虛擬語氣，即(should)+do..Myadviceisthatyou(should)set(set)offearlytomorrowmorning..Hisorderisthatwe(should)clean(clean)theclassroomeveryday..Hissuggestionisthatthethief(should)besent(send)tothepolicestation.Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnesscausedbysmoking.Thequestioniswhetherwecanwinthegame.Thefactisthathedidn'tnoticethecartilltoolat