高考英語語法-狀語從句復(fù)習(xí)攻略

高考英語語法-狀語從句復(fù)習(xí)攻略一、狀語從句的類型及引導(dǎo)詞狀語從句根據(jù)其用途可分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句九種。時間狀語從句：由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,until/till,assoonas,since,once等連詞，directly和immediately等詞，bythetime,everytime,themoment,theminute等表示時間的短語以及nosooner...than或hardly...when弓［導(dǎo)。地點狀語從句：由where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere等弓導(dǎo)。原因狀語從句：由because,since,as,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等弓［導(dǎo)。目的狀語從句：由so,sothat,incase,inorderthat,forfear(that)等弓［導(dǎo)。結(jié)果狀語從句：由so(that),so...that,such...that,withtheresultthat等弓［導(dǎo)。條件狀語從句：由if,unless,so/aslongas,onlyif,provided,onconditionthat,incase,suppose/supposing(that)等弓［導(dǎo)。讓步狀語從句：由although,though,evenif/though,as等連詞，“疑問詞+ever”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，“nomatter+疑問詞”或whether.?.or引導(dǎo)。方式狀語從句：由as,like,asif/though,theway等弓導(dǎo)。比較狀語從句：主要由than或as引導(dǎo)。二、弓導(dǎo)狀語從句的常用連詞注意事項whenwhen引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，從句的動作既可與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，也可先后發(fā)生。如：HerbertwashavinghisdinnerwhenIsawhim.Whenthelightswentout,Ilitsomecandles.when可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”。如：I’llgiveittoyouwhenyousay“please”.whilewhile引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，從句的謂語一般是延續(xù)性動詞(如work,stay,wait,live等)。如：Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，相當(dāng)于although/though。while和although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不用倒裝語序，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如：While/Although/Thoughthebrideishappy,shewillfeelhomesickatthebeginning.Happythoughthebrideis,shewillfeelhomesickatthebeginning.until和till1)until和till都表示“直到”，常可互換，但till一般不用于句首，也不用于強調(diào)句中。2)until/till從句與肯定的主句連用時，主句的謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性動詞，表示主句的動作一直持續(xù)到until/till所表示的時間為止。如：Youmaystayhereuntiltherainstops.Mr.Bushremainedtheretillhisbrotherarrived.until/till從句與否定的主句連用時，主句的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，表示“直到……才”，即主句的動作到until/till所表示的時間才開始。如：Davidwon’tgotobedtillhiswifereturns.Leodidn’tcomeuntilhehadgoneoverhislesson.4)notuntil引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時，主句需部分倒裝。如：NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.5)notuntil結(jié)構(gòu)可用于強調(diào)句中。如：Itwasnotuntilshecametoseeusthatweknewhermotherwasillinbed.as1)as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，表示“當(dāng)……時，隨著”。如：Justasthetwomenwereleaving,amessagearrived.Theatmospheregetsthinnerandthinnerastheheightincreases.as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時，一般放在句首，表示十分明顯的原因或是已知的事實。如：Asitisraining,weshallnotgocamping.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。具體情況如下：“形容詞+as+主語+系動詞”或“副詞+as+主語+實義動詞”。如：Youngestasheisinourclass,hestudiesverywell.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.名詞+as+主語+系動詞(句首的名詞前多不帶冠詞)。如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.實義動詞+as+主語+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞。如：FailasIdid,Iwouldnotabandonmygoal.Tryashemight,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.4)as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時，意為“如，像，按照”。如：IdidasIwastold.as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句時，常用于as...as.??和notso/as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Helencomestovisitmeasoftenasshecan.Hiseyesaren’tso/asblueastheylookinthefilm.nosooner...than和hardly...whennosooner...than和hardly...when意為“一 就……”。主句一般用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。nosooner,hardly位于句首時，主句的主謂語要部分倒裝。如：Thewordshadnosoonerbeenspokenthanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.so...that和such...thatso...that常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：①so+adj./adv.+that從句；②so+adj.+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句；③so+many/much/few/little+n.+that從句。如：Thequestionwassohardthatnoonecouldcomeupwithananswer.Eddieissohonestaboythatweallbelievehim.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatI’mblackandblueallover.such...that常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：①such+a(n)+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句；②such+adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式+that從句；③such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句。如：Itwassuchagreatshamethatyoucouldn’tbewithus.Theyweresuchextraordinarystoriesthatnoonebelievedawordofthem.It’ssuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.注意：so...that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，如果“so+形容詞/副詞”位于句首，則主句的主謂語要部分倒裝。如：SodifficultwasittoworkouttheproblemthatIturnedtoTomforhelp.SoquietlydidshespeakthatIcouldhardlyhearher.7.“疑問詞+ever”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞與“nomatter+疑問詞可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Whatever/Nomatterwhathappens,Iwilldoit.Whenever/Nomatterwhenhegoesout,hetakeshisdogwithhim.選用括號內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容補全下面句子。 (Once,Unless)youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.Let’snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekend (sothat,eventhough)theygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto (whatever,whoever)winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace. (While,If)wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone. (Once,Although)birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.Overtime, (as,though)thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic (because,unless)ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday. (Since,While)on