2023年考博英語(yǔ)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年考博英語(yǔ)歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.TopicNowadayseducationinnovationisgoingoninlotsofuniversities.Inyouropinion,whatarethemostdesirablequalitiesofagoodcollegeteacher?Supportyourargumentwithspecificreasons.2.______theymustputasidetheirprejudices,______.wemustbepreparedtoaccepttheirgoodfaith.A.Justas...soB.Justas...asC.Somuch...asD.Sofar...as3.Canyouimagine!Heofferedme$5000tobreakmycontract.That's______.OfcourseIdidn'tagree.Iwouldtakelegalaction.A.fraudB.blackmailC.briberyD.compensation4.Ourcountrywasfoundedontheloftyprinciplesoffreedomandjusticeforall.Ourloftyprinciplesoughttobe______.A.faceduptoB.lookeduptoC.liveduptoD.madeupto5.Maineis______famousforitsbeautifullakesandlands.A.legallyB.formallyC.justlyD.genuinely6.受海嘯影響最輕的馬來(lái)西亞，在海嘯發(fā)生后，當(dāng)?shù)氐牡诙笾еa(chǎn)業(yè)——旅游業(yè)——大受影響。1月19日馬來(lái)西亞旅游部門(mén)的相關(guān)官員就表示，政府也在積極地采取對(duì)策，希望能盡快地恢復(fù)各國(guó)游客的信心。馬來(lái)西亞旅游局官員表示，海嘯中馬來(lái)西亞沒(méi)有外國(guó)游客死亡，旅游設(shè)施也完好，受影響的西岸一些酒店已經(jīng)正常營(yíng)業(yè)。7.Inhis______tofurtherknowledgeoftheuniverse,manhasnowbeguntoexplorespace.A.attemptB.expeditionC.trialD.chase8.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingaboutinthepassage?A.Economicandculturedivide.B.Travellingtoothercountries.C.Inoculations.D.HowtokeephealthyinThirdWorldcountries.9.Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Depending'onwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries:alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairmansnotoriousbadtasteinties.10.Likeanyother(constant)repeatedaction,speaking(hasto)belearned,butonceit(islearned),itbecomesagenerally(unconscious)andapparentlyautomaticprocess.A.constantB.hastoC.islearnedD.unconscious11.Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly______.A.raisedB.deliveredC.lecturedD.preached12.1．現(xiàn)代人會(huì)遇到各種各樣的壓力

2．壓力的來(lái)源

3．如何減輕自己的壓力13.Hehaspointedoutthedangers______inthistypeofnuclearpowerstation.A.interiorB.inherentC.insideD.inner14.HehadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheNaziauthorities,andhadnoother______.A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach15.Thecombinationof______andemotionalinteractionswithinfantsiscrucialtotheirlearningandemotionaldevelopment.A.intellectualB.integratedC.intelligentD.intelligible16.Thepoorcouple______everynightoverthedecisiontosendtheirsonstoschoolandkeepingtheironlydaughterathometohelpwithfaintingwork.A.agonizedB.descendedC.abatedD.evacuated17.Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewillconformestablishedstandardsofthatculture.18.Thisisanalarmingrealizationasnaturalresourcesandtheenvironmentarebeingdegradedand______atarecordpace.A.wastedB.reconstructedC.destructedD.reversed19.Butgiventerrifyingscenariosthatarenowalltoopossible,thosecostswilldeasmallpricetopayfortheextra______theywillbuy.A.securityB.sectorC.sectionD.sedation20.A50-ft.wavetravelsatspeeds______20m.p.h.,andanyonewho'stooslowattheapproachrisksbeingsmashed.A.inexcessofB.inthereachofC.inexchangeforD.inrelationto21.Hesaidthe______talksbetweenBritainandAmericahadbrokendownjustbeforeChristmas.A.bilateralB.binaryC.biannualD.bilingual22.Asan______partofChina,KongkongreturnedtotheembraceofitsmotherlandinJuly,1997.A.explicitB.orientedC.integralD.optimal23.UptonSinclair,anAmericanwriterofthe20thcentury,showedhis______geniusforrecreatingsocialhistoryinhisnovels.A.originalB.particularC.uniqueD.uncommon24.那個(gè)年輕人寧愿去廣州的大學(xué)攻讀信息工程，也不愿開(kāi)一個(gè)自己的網(wǎng)站。25.Theseminar,______bytheNobelPrizewinner,probestheproblemofwildlifeextinctioninAfricancountries.A.convenedB.acquaintedC.incurredD.hauled26.Foryears,elephantswerehuntedforfoodandivory,andasaresulttheirsnumbershavebeengreatlyreduced.27.Differentculturesaremoreproneto______certainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.A.contractB.conductC.confineD.conquer28.Accordingtoconsumerbehaviorists,mostpeopleexperiencethesamekindsofneedsandmotives______.29.Topic:CommentontheDevelopmentoftheInternet30.Formanyyears,Markhasbeensufferingfromthe______thatheisagreatman.A.elusionB.illusionC.allusionD.delusion31.WhenPh.D.candidates______theirimpendingprofessorships,theyconsiderhousingbenefitsofferedbytheprospectiveuniversities.A.anticipateB.assumeC.applyD.demand32.Thepolicehaveaskedforthe______ofthepublicintracingthewhereaboutsofthemissingchild.A.awardB.co-operationC.positionD.helpfulness33.Ifthedisputeisnotsettledina(n)______waysoon,thetwocountrieswillcertainlygotowar.A.amiableB.amicableC.inimicalD.unfriendly34.Lifeisneverjust______.A.livingB.beingC.existingD.going35.Theminuteslater,thepolicecameand______thecrowd.A.dismayedB.dispersedC.dismountedD.distressed36.(1)Theonrushofcheapcommunications,powerfulcomputersandtheInternetallexplainwhymanypeoplefeelthat,nowadays,changeishappeningevermorerapidlyastechnologicalprogressaccelerates.Moore'slaw,thatthepowerofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months,hasbeentestedandfoundcorrect.Thisiswhatgivespeoplethesenseofaworldshiftingbeneaththeirfeet.

(2)Yettheimplicationthatrapidchangeisanewphenomenonisagainmisleading.Ifyoumeasurethetimeittakesforatechnologytobecomewidelydiffused,today'sexperiencedoesnotseemunusual.Taketheear.Thebasicpatentforaninternal-combustionenginecapableofpoweringacarwasfiledin1877.Bythelate1920s--50yearslater--overhalfofallAmericanhouseholdsownedacar.

(3)Thecomparabledatesforthecomputerarehardertotiedown,butthefirstbigcomputer,basedonvacuumvalves,wasbuiltin1946.Thetransistor--thefirstsemiconductordevice--wasinventedatBellLaboratoriesin1948.Thefirstpatentforanintegratedcircuitwasfiledin1959.Now,in1999--Thepaceofintroductionhasbeensimilartothatofthecar.(4)Youhavetocheat,choosingonlythedateforthepersonalcomputer.Say(mid-1970s),ortheinternet(ditto)tomakeitseemmuchmorerapid.

Comparingitsdiffusionamongprivateusersis,youmightsay,unfairtothecomputer,forthatmachine's,mainuseisinbusinesses.Onthatmeasure,thebesthistoricalanalogyiswithelectrification,andthespreadoftheelectricdynamointofactories.(5)AccordingtoPaulDavid,ahistorianatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,thefirstelectricity-generatingstationshadbeeninstalledinNewYorkandLondonin1881,butitwaswellintothe1920sbeforethedynamobecamewidelyusedandstartedtoraiseproductivity.Theadoptionofthecomputerinbusinesshasalsobeenslow,andfailedtohaveanymeasurableimpactonproductivityuntilveryrecently.37.Dueinlargeparttothecomplexityofitsstructure--overtwohundredbones______togetherbyligaments--thehumanskeletonisamarvelofarchitecturalconstruction.A.bingingB.boundC.boundedD.bind38.Thereverencefortheadversarialapproachspillsoverintoallareasoflife.Insteadofansweringtheircritics,politicianslearntosidestepnegativecommentsandturnthepointaroundtoanattackonaccusers.Defenselawyersarguethecasefortheirclientsevenwhentheysuspecttheymaybeguilty.Andordinarypeopleusethecametactics--justlis-tentoyourteenagernexttimeyoupullhimupforcominghomelate.Youcanbesureastreamofabusewillflowaboutyourowntime-keeping,yourirritatinghabits,yourhisto-ryofbadparenting.39.Despitetheirspartan,isolatedlifestyle,therearenostoriesofwomenbeingrapedorwantonviolenceagainstciviliansintheregion.A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked40.Accordingtothespeaker,thebasisofBritishhabitsofpolitenessis______.A.alwaystoregardthepolitenessasaformwithoutmeaningB.toregardprivacyasthemostimportantaspectoftheirlifeC.torefuseothers'offersautomaticallywithgreatpolitenessD.thatoneshowsconsiderationforothersandothersacknowledgehiskindnessinaproperway41.Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifferencebetweenschoolloreandnurserylore.42.Theword"foolish"istoomildtodescribeyourbehavior,Iwouldprefertheword______.A.ideologicalB.idyllicC.idioticD.idiomatic43.充分發(fā)揮個(gè)體、私營(yíng)等非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和活躍市場(chǎng)等方面的重要作用。放寬國(guó)內(nèi)民間資本的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入領(lǐng)域，在投融資、稅收、土地使用和對(duì)外貿(mào)易等44.BrazilianmusicisthoroughlyimbuedwithAfricanthemes,andillustriouscomposershavelongfoundinspirationintheblackmusicalheritage.A.imaginativeB.sensitiveC.distinguishedD.persistent45.Over-taxation,manyargue,impedesinitiative,sothatgovernmentincomemayactually______.A.mushroomB.capsizeC.shrinkD.dispel46.Thatsounddoesn't______inhislanguage,soit'sdifficultforhimtopronounceit.A.happenB.occurC.haveD.takeplace47.Smog-chokedSouthernCalifornia(demands)them.It'sacarforpeoplewhoneverwanttogoto(a)gasstationagain.Butthefactis,forallthetalk,selling(gas-less)machineshasbeena(hard-sell).A.demandsB.aC.gas-lessD.hard-sell48.GunmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof--andsowascrucialinsustaining--theBlackheritageoffolkmusic,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother,aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperience.49.Inhisusual______manner,hehadinsuredhimselfagainstthistypeofloss.A.indifferentB.pensiveC.cautiousD.caustic50.She______thewords,notknowingwhattosay,howtoputintoplainspeechherdecisiontofinishtheirlove.A.passedontoB.stumbledoverC.burstoutD.droppeddown第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：(略)2.參考答案：B3.參考答案：Cfraud欺騙，欺詐；blackmail勒索；bribery賄賂；compensation補(bǔ)償，賠償；本句意思是他提出給我五千美元來(lái)違約，這是種賄賂行為，我要提起法律訴訟。所以選C。4.參考答案：C[解析]C項(xiàng)的“l(fā)ivedupto符合(原則、誓言等)”符合題意。如：DidtheTVplayliveuptoyourexpectations?(這部電視劇有你期望的那樣好嗎?)其他三項(xiàng)“：facedupto勇敢地對(duì)付；lookedupto尊敬；madeupto接近”都不正確。5.參考答案：C6.參考答案：

InMalaysia,whichwasaffectedtheleastseverelybythetsunami,itssecondgreatestkingpinindustry

tourism--underwentaveryseriouseffectaftertheoutbreakofthetsunami.

OnJan.19,officialsconcernedfromMalaysiatouristdepartmentsexpressedthatthegovernmentwastakingsomeactivecountermeasuresinthehopeofregainingtheconfidenceoftouristsfromeverycountryassoonaspossible.

TheofficialsfromMalaysiaTouristBureauexpressedthatnoforeigntouristshaddiedinMalaysiaduringtheoutbreakofthetsunami.Touristfacilitiesremainedintact.Someaffectedwineshopsonthewestcoasthavealreadyrestoredtheirbusiness.7.參考答案：D[解析]本題空格處是說(shuō)追求大學(xué)里的更多的知識(shí)。chase的意思是“追求，追趕”；attempt的意思是“努力，嘗試”；expedition的意思是“遠(yuǎn)征，探險(xiǎn)”；trial的意思是“試驗(yàn)”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。所以，本題選D。8.參考答案：B在這段對(duì)話中，兩人談的是去其他國(guó)家旅行是要注意的事情。故選[B]。9.參考答案：

如果你想在交談中運(yùn)用幽默逗人發(fā)笑，那你必須知道怎樣辨別和聽(tīng)眾共同的經(jīng)歷和難題。你的幽默必須要與聽(tīng)眾相關(guān)，并應(yīng)能夠向他們表明你是他們中的一員或者能夠表明你理解他們的處境并且認(rèn)同他們的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)聽(tīng)眾不同，你所談的問(wèn)題也應(yīng)有所不同。如果你和一群經(jīng)理交談，你可以談?wù)撍麄兊拿貢?shū)雜亂無(wú)序的工作方法；反過(guò)來(lái)，如果你和秘書(shū)們交談，你也許會(huì)評(píng)論一下他們老板雜亂無(wú)章的作風(fēng)。

舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，我曾在一次護(hù)士大會(huì)上聽(tīng)到一個(gè)效果不錯(cuò)的幽默故事，因?yàn)樗械穆?tīng)眾對(duì)醫(yī)生的看法相同。

如果你是聽(tīng)你說(shuō)話的聽(tīng)眾中的一員，你就會(huì)站在他們的角度了解對(duì)所有人來(lái)說(shuō)都很普通的經(jīng)歷和難題，你可以評(píng)價(jià)一番難以下咽的食堂飯菜或主席對(duì)領(lǐng)帶的品味低下。10.參考答案：A應(yīng)改為constantly，因?yàn)樾揎梤epeated，應(yīng)用副詞形式。11.參考答案：B[解析]各項(xiàng)的意思為：deliveraspeech發(fā)表演講；raised升起，出現(xiàn)；lectured演講；preached鼓吹。12.參考答案：

[參考范文]

PressuresonModernMen

Itisquiteapparentthatpeopleinmodernsocietyhavetoconfrontmoreandmorepressures,becausethepaceofcontemporarylifeismuchfasterthanever,andoldknowledgewiltsoonbesubstitutedbynewknowledge.

Differentpeoplefacedifferentpressures.Employeesareafraidofbeinglaidoffwhenthereisaneconomicdepression.Farmersfearthatfloodordroughtwillreducetheirharvest.

Asforstudents,theyhavepressuresfromsociety,schoolandparents.Aprimaryschoolstudentwhoisnotadmittedbyakeyhighschoolwilldisappointhisparentsverymuch.Inordertofindasatisfactoryjobaftergraduation,highschoolstudents'parentsexpectthemtogotouniversity.Thesamesituationoccurstouniversitystudents.Thefirstthingduringtheiruniversitylivesistogettheirdiplomas.Studentswithoutdiplomascanhardlyfindjobs.Sotheyhavetostudyhardandpassalltheexamsarrangedbytheirschoolsandthecountry.

Inmyopinion,itisundoubtedlytoughtoliveinthisworld.Iamabreadwinnerinmyfamily.Myjoblessparents,joblesswifeanddaughterarewaitingformetosupportsothatIhavetoworkhardandearnenoughmoney.ButIhavemanywaystolessenmypressures,suchasmakinggoodfriends,doingexercise.Withagoodstateofmind,IamnotafraidofanypressurewheneverImeetwithit.Instead,Ihaveturnedpressuresintoadrivingforcetomycareerdevelopment.13.參考答案：Binherent(in)固有的，與生俱來(lái)的(特征或性質(zhì))；interior(定語(yǔ))內(nèi)部的，室內(nèi)的，如：aninteriorroom；inside在…里面，往…里面：insidethehouse；inner(定語(yǔ))里面的，更靠里的，內(nèi)心的，如：innerfeelings。句意：他指出了這種類型的核電站的潛在危險(xiǎn)。14.參考答案：Aalternative可供選擇的辦法，事物；hope希望，信心；resource資源，財(cái)力；智謀；approach接近，走進(jìn)的方法。15.參考答案：Aintellectual智力的；integrated整體和諧的；intelligent有理解力的；intelligible(尤指語(yǔ)言或文字)可了解的。句意：和嬰兒進(jìn)行情感與智力相結(jié)合的交流對(duì)他們的學(xué)習(xí)和情感的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。16.參考答案：Aagonize感到極度痛苦；descend下降；abate減少，減弱；evacuate撤退。17.參考答案：C。介詞遺漏。conform后面一般接介詞to，意為“遵循”。18.參考答案：C[解析]四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：waste浪費(fèi)；reconstruct重建；destruct破壞；reverse撤銷，廢除。句意是，人們吃驚地認(rèn)識(shí)到，自然資源正在以前所未有的速度在被消耗掉，環(huán)境也在日益惡化，處處受到破壞。所以正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。19.參考答案：A[解析]這是個(gè)詞義搭配題目，需要詞義辨析來(lái)排除干擾項(xiàng)。20.參考答案：A21.參考答案：A22.參考答案：C(integral構(gòu)成整體所必需的)。句意為：作為中國(guó)不可分割的一部分，香港于1997年7月回到祖國(guó)的懷抱。A．explicit明晰的，清楚的；B．oriented以……為導(dǎo)向的；D．optimal最適宜的，最理想的。23.參考答案：D(uncommon非凡的，杰出的)。句意為：美國(guó)二十世紀(jì)作家阿普頓·辛克萊在他的小說(shuō)中顯示出再現(xiàn)社會(huì)歷史的非凡才能。A．original有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的；B．particular特殊的；C．unique獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。24.參考答案：TheyoungmanwouldrathergotocollegesinGuangzhoufortheinformationengineeringthansetuphisownwebsite.25.參考答案：A(convene召集)。句意為：這位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者召集的專家討論會(huì)對(duì)非洲一些國(guó)家野生動(dòng)植物滅絕的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了徹底的調(diào)查。B．a(chǎn)cquaint使認(rèn)識(shí)；C．incur招致；D．haul拖，拉。26.參考答案：C27.參考答案：A[解析]A項(xiàng)“contract感染”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)“B項(xiàng)conduct引導(dǎo)，管理，傳導(dǎo)；C項(xiàng)confine限制，禁閉；D項(xiàng)conquer征服，戰(zhàn)勝”都不正確。本題的空格處是說(shuō)感染某種疾病。因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。28.參考答案：basically29.參考答案：略30.參考答案：D31.參考答案：A32.參考答案：B[解析]B選項(xiàng)co-operation(合作)符合題意，如：Yourcooperationmeansmuch/agreatdealtous．(你們的協(xié)作對(duì)我們幫助極大/有很大的意義。)A選項(xiàng)award(獎(jiǎng)品)、C選項(xiàng)position(位置，陣地)、D選項(xiàng)helpfulness(有益，有朋)都不正確。本題空格處是說(shuō)要求公眾的合作。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。33.參考答案：B[解析]本題空格處是說(shuō)不以和平方式解決。B項(xiàng)“amicable友善的，和平的”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)“amiable可親的；inimical敵意的；unfriendly不友善的”都不正確。34.參考答案：Bbeing存在，生命，人；living生活，生計(jì)，生存空間；existing現(xiàn)有的；going離去，地面狀況。35.參考答案：Bdisperse使分散，驅(qū)散；dismay使驚恐，使驚愕；dismount使(掉)下馬，取下，卸下；distress使痛苦，使悲傷。36.參考答案：略37.參考答案：B句意：多半是由于其結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性(人體的200多根骨頭是有人帶連接起來(lái)的)，因此它是建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)奇跡。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用做后置修飾詞。38.參考答案：對(duì)敵對(duì)方法的敬畏影響到生活的各個(gè)層面。政治家不正面回應(yīng)批評(píng)，避開(kāi)負(fù)面的評(píng)論，轉(zhuǎn)而攻擊發(fā)難者。39.參考答案：Dwanton恣意的；unprovoked無(wú)緣無(wú)故的；intriguing有迷惑力的；exasperating令人憤怒的；