Unit 1 Using language 課文翻譯及語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)課件-2023-2024學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

Unit1PeopleofAchievementUsingLanguage-Writing課文翻譯與要點(diǎn)講練

AlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics，isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius;hewasacourageousandkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.改變了我們對(duì)宇宙認(rèn)識(shí)的人阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦，也許是現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)中最偉大的科學(xué)家，通常被認(rèn)為是有史以來(lái)最聰明的人之一。他對(duì)世界做出了許多貢獻(xiàn)，其中最著名的是廣義相對(duì)論和著名的公式E=mc2。愛因斯坦不僅是一個(gè)天才，還是一個(gè)勇敢而善良的人，受到許多人的喜愛。THEMANWHOCHANGEDOURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEUNIVERSETHEMANWHOCHANGEDOURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEUNIVERSE改變了我們對(duì)宇宙認(rèn)識(shí)的人AlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics，isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-known

being

thegeneral

theory

ofrelativity

andthefamousformulaE=mc2.Einsteinwasnotonlya

genius;hewasacourageousandkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦，也許是現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)中最偉大的科學(xué)家，通常被認(rèn)為是有史以來(lái)最聰明的人之一。他對(duì)世界做出了許多貢獻(xiàn)，其中最著名的是廣義相對(duì)論和著名的公式E=mc

2

。愛因斯坦不僅是一個(gè)天才，還是一個(gè)勇敢而善良的人，受到許多人的喜愛。1.He

made

numerous

contributions

to

the

world,the

most

well-known

being

the

general

theory

of

relativity

and

the

famous

formula

E=mc2.他對(duì)世界做出了許多貢獻(xiàn)，其中最著名的是廣義相對(duì)論和著名的公式E=mc2。【解析】本句中的themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本形式:名詞/代詞+doing/done/todo/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)等。Thestormover,everythingwasinpeaceagain.Thejobnotfinished,wecouldn’tseethefilm.Thesearethefirsttwobooks,thethirdonetocomeout

nextmonth.

【練習(xí)】1)Thework

_________

(finish),theylefttheofficeandwenthome.2)Theexam__________(hold)tomorrow,Icouldn'tgotothe

cinematonight.3)Becauseclasswasover,thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom.→__________,thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom.

finishedtobeheldClassover2.numerousadj.眾多的；許多的numerousarmynumerousdifficulties

龐大的軍隊(duì)眾多的困難

numerous[?nju?m?r?s]:adj.眾多的;許多的number[?n?mb?]:n.數(shù)字;數(shù)目anumberof(+復(fù)數(shù)名):許多thenumberof(+復(fù)數(shù)名):…的數(shù)字

theoryn.理論;學(xué)說putthetheoryintopractice

將理論付諸/用于實(shí)踐intheory理論上;按理說

relativityn.相對(duì)論;相對(duì)性

TheTheoryofRelativity

TheGeneralTheoryofRelativity

TheSpecialTheoryofRelativity

相對(duì)論廣義相對(duì)論狹義相對(duì)論

formulan.公式;方程式;配方1)Thisisthefamousformulaforsuccess:Dream>Believe>Achieve.2)thechemicalformula3)thesecretformulaforthisdrink化學(xué)方程式公式秘密配方

geniusn.天才;天資;天賦giftn.禮物;天賦giftedadj.有天賦的;有才華的haveagift/geniusfor…

對(duì)…有天賦Hehadageniusformakingpeoplefeelathome.他有一種能夠使人感覺輕松自在的本領(lǐng)。1)Themanisareal/truegeniusbuthehasdifficultyexpressinghimself.2)Thegirlhasageniusfor(studying)languages.一個(gè)真正的天才有學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的天賦ThisgentlegeniuswasborninGermanyon14March1879.Whenhewas16,hetriedtoenteruniversityinSwitzerland,butfailedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartoftheentranceexam,despiteobtainingexceptionalscoresinmathsandphysics.Afterstudyingforanotheryear,hemanagedtopasstheexam,enteringuniversityin1896andgraduatingin1900.這位文靜的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德國(guó)。16歲時(shí)，他曾試圖去瑞士上大學(xué)，盡管他在數(shù)學(xué)和物理方面取得了優(yōu)異的成績(jī)，但由于入學(xué)考試的綜合部分分?jǐn)?shù)較低，他未能如愿。經(jīng)過又一年的學(xué)習(xí)，他通過了考試，1896年進(jìn)入大學(xué)，并于1900年畢業(yè)。This

gentle

geniuswasborninGermanyon14March1879.Whenhewas16,hetriedtoenteruniversityinSwitzerland,butfailedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartoftheentranceexam,despiteobtaining

exceptionalscoresinmathsandphysics.Afterstudyingforanotheryear,hemanagedtopasstheexam,enteringuniversityin1896andgraduatingin1900.這位文靜的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德國(guó)。16歲時(shí)，他曾試圖去瑞士上大學(xué)，盡管他在數(shù)學(xué)和物理方面取得了優(yōu)異的成績(jī)，但由于入學(xué)考試的綜合部分分?jǐn)?shù)較低，他未能如愿。經(jīng)過又一年的學(xué)習(xí)，他通過了考試，1896年進(jìn)入大學(xué)，并于1900年畢業(yè)。1.gentle adj.溫柔的gently adv.溫柔地gentlemann.紳士

2.dueto

因?yàn)?，由?/p>

【辨析】dueto

可作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，一般不放在句首；owingto

可作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)；becauseof

一般作狀語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)是代詞而非名詞；thanksto

通常作狀語(yǔ)。Becauseof/Owingtothesnow,theflighthasbeencanceled.由于下雪，航班已經(jīng)取消了。（作狀語(yǔ)）Itismainlybecauseofmyfault.這主要是由于我的過錯(cuò)。（作表語(yǔ)）【完成句子】1)Hismistakewas________________（因?yàn)椋﹍ackofexperience.2)Davidsaidthatitwas_________________________（由于）hisstronginterestincomputersthathechosethecourse.3)Owingtolackoffunds,theprojectwillnotcontinuenextyear.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)→Theprojectwillnotcontinuenextyear___________________

lackoffunds.dueto/owingtodueto/becauseof/owingtodueto/becauseof/owingtounder

exceptional

circumstances3.exceptional例外的；不尋常的；非凡的在例外情況下his

exceptional

ability他的非凡能力Atthe

age

of

five

he

showed

exceptional

talent

asa

musician.

他五歲時(shí)就表現(xiàn)出非凡的音樂才能。Aftertwoyearsoflookingforworkasateacher,EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwisspatentoffice.Whileworkingthere,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,whichwaslaterrecordedasamiracleyearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapers.Followingthis,hegraduallybecamefamousthroughouttheworldasthenewIsaacNewton.Afterfouryears,hewasabletoquithisjobatthepatentofficeandenterresearchfull-timeatauniversity.In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect.在找了兩年的教師工作后，愛因斯坦在瑞士專利局找到了一份職員的工作。在此工作期間，出于對(duì)知識(shí)的強(qiáng)烈熱情，他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，并于1905年獲得了物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。同年，他發(fā)表了四篇杰出的物理學(xué)論文，這一年后來(lái)被譽(yù)為科學(xué)史上的奇跡之年。此后，他逐漸以新艾薩克·牛頓聞名于世。四年后，他辭去了專利局的工作，進(jìn)入一所大學(xué)做全職研究。1922年，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的解釋而被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。Aftertwoyearsoflookingforworkasateacher,EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwiss

patent

office.Whileworkingthere,outofastrong

passion

forknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,whichwaslaterrecordedasamiracleyearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinary

physicspapers.在找了兩年的教師工作后，愛因斯坦在瑞士專利局找到了一份職員的工作。在此工作期間，出于對(duì)知識(shí)的強(qiáng)烈熱情，他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，并于1905年獲得了物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。同年，他發(fā)表了四篇杰出的物理學(xué)論文，這一年后來(lái)被譽(yù)為科學(xué)史上的奇跡之年。1.patent

n.專利;專利證書;獲得專利adj.有專利的;受專利保護(hù)的applyfor/obtain/get

apatenton/foraninvention

apatentapplication/law/medicine專利申請(qǐng)/專利法/專利藥申請(qǐng)/獲得發(fā)明專利權(quán)2.passionn.[C/U]haveapassionfor(doing)sth.bepassionateabout…withpassion對(duì)(做)某事有熱情對(duì)…狂熱/酷愛

滿懷激情地【單句語(yǔ)法填空】1)Somepeoplehaveapassion

for

eatingchocolate.2)IfIwereapoet,Iwillwritedownthousandsofpoems

withpassion,praisemydearteacher.3)Ifyouare

passionate

aboutfashion,maybeyouwillgo

toParis.

【辨析】

passionn.酷愛;激情feelingn.感情;情感emotionn.情感;情緒

3.doctoraten.博士學(xué)位=doctor’sdegree

博士學(xué)位

獲得博士學(xué)位take/receive/get/obtain/earna/(one’s)doctor’sdegree/doctorate(in...)1)She’sstudyingforherdoctorateintheUSA.2)Heobtainedhisdoctorateinmathslastyear.

4.extraordinary

adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的ordinary

adj.普通的;

平常的;一般的;平凡的extraadj.額外的;附加的adv.額外;另外;特別1)madeextraordinaryprogress2)atrulyextraordinarywoman3)amanofextraordinaryabilities取得驚人的進(jìn)步一位非凡的女性一個(gè)有非凡才能的人【短語(yǔ)助記】Followingthis,he

gradually

becamefamousthroughouttheworldasthenewIsaacNewton.Afterfouryears,hewasabletoquithisjobatthepatentofficeandenterresearchfull-time

atauniversity.In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect.此后，他逐漸以新艾薩克·牛頓聞名于世。四年后，他辭去了專利局的工作，進(jìn)入一所大學(xué)做全職研究。1922年，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的解釋而被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

5.gradually

adv.逐漸地;逐步地gradual

adj.逐漸的;逐步的;不陡的1)Theweatherwillgraduallyimprove.2)Gradually,thechildrenbegantounderstandit.

6.photoelectricadj.光電的photo

n.照片;相片electric

adj.電的thephotoelectric

effectHe

won

theNobel

Prize

for

his

Photoelectric

Theory.光電效應(yīng)Circumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutionsclosedtohim.Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany.AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinallytookupapositionasaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.Followingthat,hecontinuedtomakegreatachievementsinphysicsandmathematics.1933年，當(dāng)希特勒在德國(guó)掌權(quán)時(shí)，情況發(fā)生了變化。愛因斯坦是猶太人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。因此，他不得不逃離德國(guó)。在歐洲待了一段時(shí)間后，他終于在美國(guó)普林斯頓高等研究院擔(dān)任研究員一職。此后，他繼續(xù)在物理和數(shù)學(xué)方面取得了巨大成就。Circumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsof

academic

institutionsclosedtohim.Asa

consequence,hehadtofleeGermany.AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinallytookupapositionasaresearcheratthe

Institute

forAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.Followingthat,hecontinuedtomakegreatachievementsinphysicsandmathematics.1933年，當(dāng)希特勒在德國(guó)掌權(quán)時(shí)，情況發(fā)生了變化。愛因斯坦是猶太人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。因此，他不得不逃離德國(guó)。在歐洲待了一段時(shí)間后，他終于在美國(guó)普林斯頓高等研究院擔(dān)任研究員一職。此后，他繼續(xù)在物理和數(shù)學(xué)方面取得了巨大成就。

1.cometopower

(開始)掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)

beinpower

執(zhí)政;掌權(quán)

Theparty_____________fouryearsago.=Theparty__________________forfouryears.這個(gè)政黨執(zhí)政四年了。cametopowerhasbeeninpower【拓展】cometoastopcometoanendcometolifecometolightcometothepointcometoaconclusion/decisioncometosb.’sattention/notice停下來(lái)結(jié)束活躍起來(lái)被發(fā)現(xiàn)談?wù)}作出結(jié)論，決定受到某人注意【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】選擇以上短語(yǔ)并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Don'ttalkallroundthequestion;________________.2)Jim'stheftsfromthebankwhereheworked__________whenthebankexaminersmadeaninspection.3)Thecurtaindropped.Thefirstacthad______________.4)Thecarwentslowerandsloweruntilit_____________.5)AtfirstIthoughthewasabitshy,butI've________________thathe'ssimplyunfriendly!6)WhenMrsThatcher_____________in1979,

nobodyexpectedhertostaytherefor13years.

cometothepointcametolight

cometoanend

cametoastop

cometotheconclusioncametopower1)幾年前才開始有了跳蚤市場(chǎng)。Fleamarkets

onlyseveralyearsago.

2)新的駕駛條例何時(shí)開始生效?Whendothenewdrivinglaws

?

3)早在十八世紀(jì)就開始使用這個(gè)單詞。Theword_____________asearlyas18thcentury.cameintobeingcomeintoeffectcameintouse【拓展】comeintobeing

comeintouse comeintoeffect

產(chǎn)生開始使用生效2.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutionsclosedtohim.(Page8)

愛因斯坦是猶太人,他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。句法分析“foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutionsclosedtohim.”為“find+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。closed為動(dòng)詞-ed形式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞close與thedoorsofacademicinstitutions之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示被動(dòng)。find的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):【語(yǔ)境領(lǐng)悟】Hefoundhimselfwalkinginthedirectionofhismother’splace.

他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正朝他媽媽的方向走去。2)Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselveslostforwords.

甚至最好的作家有時(shí)候也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己表達(dá)不出來(lái)。【單句語(yǔ)法填空】1)

Whenhecameback,hefoundhisbooks

packed

(pack)up.

2)Whenshecametolife,shefoundherself

surrounded

(surround)bymanypeople.

3)Whensheturnedaround,shefoundsomeone

staring

(stare)ather.

4)Whenhearrived,hefoundallthework

finished

(finish).

3.institution

n.社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu);制度;習(xí)俗1)amentalinstitution

2)aneducationalinstitution

3)theinstitutionofmarriage精神病院教育機(jī)構(gòu)婚姻制度

4.

instituten.機(jī)構(gòu);學(xué)院;機(jī)構(gòu)建筑MassachusettsInstituteofTechnolog:

麻省理工學(xué)院CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology:

加州理工學(xué)院

5.consequence

n.結(jié)果;后果;影響

consequent

adj.作為結(jié)果的;隨之而來(lái)的

consequently

adv.

結(jié)果,因此

短語(yǔ)：asaconsequence=inconsequence/asaresult結(jié)果,因此asaconsequenceof=inconsequenceof/asaresultof

因?yàn)椤?由于…

take/suffer/facetheconsequences(ofsth)承擔(dān)…的后果1)Iamquitewillingto___________________.我非常愿意承擔(dān)后果。2)Shewasovertheagelimitand,______________________,her

applicationwasrejected.她超過了年齡限制，所以她的申請(qǐng)被拒絕了。taketheconsequenceinconsequence/asaconsequence【完成句子】

6.takeupaposition

擔(dān)任;任職Heleftthefactorytotakeupanewpositionwithanothercompany.寫出下列各句中take

up的含義1)TheheadteachertakesherdutiesupinAugust.

2)Shetookuphisofferofadrink.

3)AttheageofsixtyhetookupthestudyofRussian.

4)Theteachertookupthelessonwhereheleftofflastweek.

5)Thatbigclockwillhavetogo;ittakesuptoomuchspaceinthesmallhall.

接受開始承擔(dān)

開始從事

繼續(xù)占據(jù)【拓展】takedowntakebacktake...forgrantedtakeovertakein

takeofftakeon拿下，記錄下，拆卸帶回，收回(話)認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然，理應(yīng)如此接管，接任欺騙；吸收；理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)脫掉；起飛呈現(xiàn)；雇傭；承擔(dān)Tothepublic,hewasseenasaslightlyodd-lookingbutkindandfunnyman.Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair,whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.Althoughhewasagenius,hesometimesforgotthings,likehisfriends’birthdays.Butdespitehispeculiarities,hewaslovedbyhisfriendsandneighbors.Thereisevenastoryabouthowhehelpedalittlegirlwhoknockedonhisdoorandaskedforhelpwithherhomework.在公眾看來(lái)，他看似有點(diǎn)古怪，但很善良又有趣的人。他胡須濃密，有時(shí)白發(fā)挺立，就好像剛遭了電擊。雖然他是個(gè)天才，但他有時(shí)會(huì)忘記一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。盡管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和鄰居的喜愛。甚至還有一個(gè)關(guān)于他如何幫助一個(gè)小女孩的故事：這個(gè)女孩敲了他的門，請(qǐng)求他幫她做家庭作業(yè)。Tothepublic,hewasseenasaslightlyodd-lookingbutkindandfunnyman.Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair,whichsometimesstoodonend

asthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.Althoughhewasagenius,hesometimesforgotthings,likehisfriends’birthdays.Butdespitehispeculiarities,hewaslovedbyhisfriendsandneighbours.Thereisevenastoryabouthowhehelpedalittlegirlwhoknockedonhisdoorandaskedforhelpwithherhomework.在公眾看來(lái)，他看似有點(diǎn)古怪，但很善良又有趣的人。他胡須濃密，有時(shí)白發(fā)挺立，就好像剛遭了電擊。雖然他是個(gè)天才，但他有時(shí)會(huì)忘記一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。盡管他性格古怪，但他深受朋友和鄰居的喜愛。甚至還有一個(gè)關(guān)于他如何幫助一個(gè)小女孩的故事：這個(gè)女孩敲了他的門，請(qǐng)求他幫她做家庭作業(yè)。1.asthough/if引導(dǎo)的用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中的時(shí)態(tài)如下:【單句語(yǔ)法填空】1)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit

were

broken

(break).

2)Jackwasn’tsayinganything,buttheteachersmiledathimasifhe

had

done

(do)somethingveryclever.

3)HetalkedalotaboutAmericaasifhe

had

been

(be)therebefore.

2.peculiarity

n.個(gè)性;特點(diǎn);怪異的性質(zhì)personality:n.性格;個(gè)性character:n.特點(diǎn);特色;(漢)字;品格characteristic

n.特點(diǎn);特征;特色property:n.(正式)特性;性質(zhì)Infact,Einsteinoftenencounteredpeopleonthestreetwhowouldstophimandaskhimtohelpexplainthings.Aftermanysuchoccasions,hefinallystartedsaying,“Pardonme!Sorry!AlwaysIammistakenforProfessorEinstein!”O(jiān)n18April1955,itwasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassedaway,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.事實(shí)上，愛因斯坦經(jīng)常在街上遇到一些人，他們會(huì)攔住他，請(qǐng)他幫忙解釋一些事情。經(jīng)過多次這樣的場(chǎng)合后，他終于開始說：“對(duì)不起！對(duì)不起！我總是被誤認(rèn)為是愛因斯坦教授！”

1955年4月18日，有報(bào)道說愛因斯坦去世了，全世界都為一位杰出科學(xué)家的逝世而哀悼。

Infact,Einsteinoften

encountered

peopleonthestreetwhowouldstophimandaskhimtohelpexplainthings.Aftermanysuchoccasions,hefinallystartedsaying,“Pardonme!Sorry!AlwaysIammistaken

for

Professor

Einstein!”O(jiān)n18April1955,itwasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassedaway,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.

事實(shí)上，愛因斯坦經(jīng)常在街上遇到一些人，他們會(huì)攔住他，請(qǐng)他幫忙解釋一些事情。經(jīng)過多次這樣的場(chǎng)