莎士比亞與他的創(chuàng)作階段

Chapter6Shakespeare141班LifeBornin1564In1571,hewassenttoschool1582,hemarriedtoAnneHathaway,having3childrenIn1586or1587,hearrivedinLondon.In1593and1594,publishedtwonarrativepoems.In1609,hisSonnetswereprinted.In1611,retiredtohisnativetownDiedin16161590–1594TheFirstPeriod1601–1607TheThirdPeriod1595–1600TheSecondPeriod1608–1612TheFourthPeriodTheFristPeriod(1590-1594)Thehistoricalplay(firsthistoricaltetralogy):HenryⅥ,Parts1,2and3,RichardⅢComedy:TheComedyofErrors,TheTamingoftheShrew,

TheTwoGentlemenofVerona,Love’sLabour’sLostTherevengetragedy:TitusAndronicusTheromantictragedy:RomeoandJuliet(earlistgreatsuccessintragedy)Narrativepoems:VenusandAdonisandTheRapeofLucreceTheFristPeriod(1590-1594)RomeoandJulietRomeoandJulietcombinesatragicsituationwithcomedyandgaiety(愉快):1.Therearemorecomedyfactorsinthefirsthalfofadrama;2.RomeoandJulietbothdieforlove,butthetwosidesfamilyeventuallyreconcileandtheendingisnottypicaltragedy;3.Itislyrical(感情夸張的,有抒情味的)andoptimisticinspirit,litupbythespringandsunshineofSouthEurope.Features1.theperiodofapprenticeshipinplay–writing2.Hebeardthemarkofyouth,butofyouthwithastonishingversatilityandwonderfultalent.Sofaraslanguageisconcerned,hisearlyplaysshowanextraordinaryfacilityinexpressionandafelicityinthechoiceofphrasesandepithets(綽號).3.Heusedmisunderstandingcoincidencetoweaveplot,performancefigures.ButtheplotsoftenendineveryJackhavinghisfore–appointedJill.Healsocreatedaseriesofidealcharacters.4.Hetriedtohandlepoliticalthemesandgivehistoricallessonsinearlyhistoryplays.Hefocusedonthenewideas,thenewmoralAcurapraisehumanism.LanguageAtfirst,Shakespeare’sworkconsistsoffiverigidiambic(抑揚(yáng)格的)feet,andthecustomofrhymingmadetheverseevenmoremechanicalandunfitfordramaticexpression.ButundertheinfluenceofMarlowe,hebegantouseblankverse(無韻詩).TheFirstPeriodshowsageneraltendencyofthegradualdiminishinganddisappearanceofrhymeastheprincipalimpedimentinShakespeare’sdramaticcomposition.TheSecondPeriod(1595-1600)6comedies:AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,TheMerryWivesofWindsor,MuchAdoaboutNothing,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight5historicalplays:RichardⅡ,HenryⅣ,Parts1and2,HenryⅤ,KingJohnARomantragedy:JuliusCaesarSonnetsSonnetsTheSonnetswerethelastofShakespeare'snon-dramaticworkstobeprinted.

Criticspraisethe

Sonnets

asaprofoundmeditationonthenatureoflove,sexualpassion,procreation,death,andtime.由三段四行和一副對句組成，即按四、四、四、二編排，每行詩句有10個(gè)抑揚(yáng)格音節(jié)。以形象生動(dòng)、結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙、音樂性強(qiáng)、起承轉(zhuǎn)合自如為特色，常常在最后一副對句中概括內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明主題，表達(dá)出新興資產(chǎn)階級的理想和情懷。Features1.matureperiod,aperiodofgreatcomediesandmaturehistoricalplays.2.Thegeneralspiritisoptimism.Thecomediesofthisperiodareredolentofthepurebreathofthegreenfieldsandofflowers,andlitbyawarmsunshineofgladness,ringingwithachorusofyouthfullaughter.3.Thereversecreepsinforcontrast.Virtue,nevertheless,shallhaveitsrewardandtriumphintheend,andthewrongshalldisappearbeforetheforcesofgood.4.Thisperiodishissweetandjoyfultime,inwhichhesucceedsinportrayingamagnificentpanorama(全景畫)ofthemanifoldpursuitsofpeopleinreallife.Language1.Thereisagreatliftincharacterization,whichdistinguishesthissecondperiodfromthefirst,notonlyinthecomedies,butalsointhehistoricalplays.2.Atthisperiod,ShakespearesurpassedMarloweandotherplaywrightsofhistimeinexpressingthepatrioticfeelingsoftheEnglishpeopleandtheirdemandfornationalunitywithgreatforceandvividness.TheThirdPeriod(1601-1607)5tragedies:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear（Cordelia