專題08閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題沖關(guān)模擬訓(xùn)練備戰(zhàn)高考英語(yǔ)大題沖關(guān)秘笈解析

備戰(zhàn)2018年高考英語(yǔ)大題沖關(guān)秘笈專題08沖關(guān)模擬訓(xùn)練題組一Passage1（2018屆河北省五個(gè)一聯(lián)盟高三模擬考試）話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率最悲哀的兩個(gè)單詞ifonly355★★★☆☆5分鐘TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“ifonly”.Ilivemylifewiththegoalofneverhavingtosaythosewords,becausetheyconveyregret,lostopportunities,mistakes,anddisappointment.Myfatherisfamousinourfamilyforsaying,“Taketheextraminutetodoitright.”Ialwaystrytolivebythe“extraminute”rule.Whenmychildrenwereyoungandlikelytocauseaccidents,IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddotoavoidan“ifonly”moment,whetheritwassomethingminorlikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeofacomputer,orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding(襯墊)ontothesharpcornersofaglasscoffeetable.Idon’tonlyavoidthose“ifonly”momentswhenitcomestosafety.It’sequallyimportanttoavoid“ifonly”inourpersonalrelationships.Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneandregrettedthattheyhad

foregone

anopportunitytosay“Iloveyou”or“Iforgiveyou”.WhenmyfatherannouncedhewasgoingtotheeyedoctoracrossfrommyofficeonGoodFriday,ItoldhimthatitwasaholidayformycompanyandIwouldn’tbethere.ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathe’s84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn’tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim.IcalledhimandtoldhimIhaddecidedtogotoworkonmydayoffafterall.IknowtherewillstillbeoccasionswhenIhavetosay“ifonly”aboutsomething,butmylifeisdefinitelybetterbecauseofmypolicyofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthateventuality(可能發(fā)生的事).Andeventhoughittakesanextraminutetodosomethingright,oritoccasionallytakesanhourortwoinmybusyscheduletomakeapersonalconnection,IknowthatI’mdoingtherightthing.I’mbuyingmyselfpeaceofmindandthat’sthebestkindofinsuranceformyemotionalwell-being.1.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthe“extraminute”rule?A.Startthecarthemomenteveryoneisseated.B.Leavetheroomforaminutewiththeironworking.C.Waitforanextraminutesothatthesteaktastesbetter.D.Moveanobjectoutofthewaybeforeittripssomeone.2.TheauthordecidedtogotoherofficeonGoodFridayto__________.A.keepherappointmentwiththeeyedoctorB.meetherfatherwhowasalreadyanoldmanC.joinintheholidaycelebrationofthecompanyD.finishherworkbeforethedeadlineapproaching3.Theunderlinedword“foregone”inParagraph3isclosedinmeaningto“_________”.A.abandoned B.lacked C.avoided D.wasted4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEmotionalWell-being B.TheTwoSaddestWordsC.TheMostUsefulRule D.ThePeaceofMind【文章大意】這篇文章主要講解的是作者對(duì)于最悲哀的兩個(gè)單詞ifonly的理解及看法。1.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“Whenmychildrenwereyoungandlikelytocauseaccidents,IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddotoavoidan‘ifonly’moment,”可知，“extraminute”指的是“在發(fā)生意外之前防患于未然”，D項(xiàng)（在一個(gè)東西絆倒某人之前將它拿走）符合。故選D。3.A【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)foregone所在句子“Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneandregrettedthattheyhad

foregone

anopportunitytosay‘Iloveyou’or‘Iforgiveyou’.”中的lost及regretted可知此詞與opportunity搭配翻譯成“放棄機(jī)會(huì)”，故選A。學(xué)@科網(wǎng)4.B【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話“TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare‘ifonly’.”及文章大意，可知本文主要針對(duì)最悲哀的兩個(gè)單詞ifonly展開(kāi)話題進(jìn)行講解，故選B。Passage2（2018屆江西省紅色七校高三第一次聯(lián)考）話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率蹺二郎腿對(duì)身體有害303★★★☆☆6分鐘Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhen3.C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前面的句意可知，SirNicholasWinton一直對(duì)自己的英雄事跡保密，甚至是他的妻子。所以，此處應(yīng)為不為人們所知道。故選Ｃ。4.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“SirWintondiedpeacefullyinhissleepattheoldageofonehundredandsix,in2015.”可知，SirWinton生于1909年。故選Ａ。Passage4（2018屆江西省新余市第一中學(xué)高三畢業(yè)班第四次模擬考試）話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率美國(guó)家庭移民歷史中心328★★★☆☆6分鐘TheAmericanFamilyImmigrationHistoryCenterisanexcitingnewinteractiveareaattheEllisIslandImmigrationMuseumwheremorethan100millionAmericansmaysearchfortheirfamily'sbeginningsintheNewWorld.Now,forthefirsttime,thepassengersrecordsoftheshipsthatlandedsome22millionimmigrants,crewmembersandotherpassengersatthePortofNewYorkandEllisIslandfrom1892to1924havebeencomputerized,makingiteasierthanevertodiscoveryourownfamilyhistory.Fiveyearsinthemaking,thecenterwasdevelopedandfundedbytheStatueoftheLibertyEllisIslandFoundation,Inc.,whichwasresponsiblefortherestorationandpreservationoftheStatueoftheLibertyandEllisIsland,andthecreationoftheImmigrationMuseum.ForvisitorstotheMuseum,theexcitementbeginsatawelcoming

kiosk

whereyoucanenterancestors'namesandseeiftheirarrivalrecordsareincludedinthedatabaseandareavailableintheHistoryCenterintheMuseum'sWestWing.OnceinsidetheCenteritself,intheveryplacewhereyourancestors(grandgrandparents)mayhaveendedtheirlongjourney,youandyourfamilycanlogontheoneof41computers,typeinname,and,withinseconds,setinmotionyourownspecialjourneyofdiscovery.Imaginetheexcitementyou'llsharewithyourfamilyasyouusethelatesttechnologytosortthroughavastcomputerizedarchive(檔案館)withmillionsofrecords,andseeyourfamily'sownpersonalstoryinAmericacometolifebeforeyoureyes.Millionsofhourswerespentcreatingthisvastdatabaseand,ifyoufindyourancestors'names,you'lldiscoveranswerstoquestionsyou'vealwayswonderedabout...Whatshipdidmyfamilymemberstake?Whendidtheyarrive?Howoldwerethey?Weretheymarried?Then,takethesevaluablerecordsandcreateyourownFamilyHistoryScrapbook,preservingforeverthestoryofthepastwhilekeepingthelegacyofyourfamilyalive.1.WhyisiteasierforvisitorstofindtheirfamilyhistoriesintheHistoryCenter?A.Moreclerksareemployedthere.B.Allofitsdocumentsarecomputerized.C.Facilitiesofthemuseumarerestored.D.Workersaremorecreativethanbefore.2.WhosponsorstherestorationoftheAmericanFamilyImmigrationHistoryCenter?A.Familieswhosefamilyhistoriesarekepthere.B.NationalParkServiceintheUnitedStates.C.LocalgovernmentandvisitorstotheMuseum.D.TheStatueofLibertyEllisIslandFoundation,Inc.3.Theword“kiosk”inthepassageismostprobably______.A.amuseumassistant B.anadvertisementC.aself?servicedevice D.areceptionist4.Inwhichpartofanewspaperwouldthispassagemostprobablybefound?A.Science. B.Entertainment. C.Life. D.Travel.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了美國(guó)家庭移民歷史中心，數(shù)以億計(jì)的美國(guó)人可以在這里找到他們的家庭。1.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“…h(huán)avebeencomputerized,makingiteasierthanevertodiscoveryourownfamilyhistory.”可知，參觀者容易找到家庭歷史是因?yàn)樗械臋n案都是電腦化的。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)3.C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“whereyoucanenterancestors'namesandseeiftheirarrivalrecordsareincludedinthedatabaseandareavailableintheHistoryCenterintheMuseum'sWestWing.”可知，畫線詞指的是一種供參觀者查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中家庭歷史信息的自助服務(wù)設(shè)備。4.D【解析】推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了美國(guó)家庭移民歷史中心，數(shù)以億計(jì)的美國(guó)人可以在這里找到他們的家庭，是關(guān)于移民話題的，因此最有可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的旅行版面中。題組二Passage1(2017屆河南省新鄉(xiāng)市第一中學(xué)高三?？?話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率大黃蜂有學(xué)習(xí)能力304★★★☆☆5分鐘ScientistsinBritainhavemanagedtoteachbumblebees(大黃蜂)topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony(群體)—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitetheirtinybrains.ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments,oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes(猿)andbirds,showedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask,andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggestingtheabilityfor＂culturespread＂—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeexclusivetohumans.Intheresearch,publishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday,thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet.Thestringswereattachedtodiscs—orartificial＂flowers＂—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscreen.Thebees,spottingthefoodbeneaththescreen,learnedtopullthe＂flowers＂outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogettoit.Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechancetosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining,onlytwoof110weresuccessful.Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings,and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally,trainedbeeswereputincolonies,andthescientistsfoundthetechniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony’sworkerbees.LarsChittka,aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhoguidedtheproject,saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂exclusive＂inParagraph3probablymean?A.Ordinary. B.Unique.C.Beneficial. D.Widespread.2.Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutbees?A.Beeslearnbestininsects.B.Beesareascleverasbirds.C.Beesareborngoodlearners.D.Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills.3.Whatmaytheresearchteamfocusonnext?A.Whatelsebeescando.B.Wherebeeslearnskills.C.Howbeesteachothers.D.Howbees’brainwork.4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.Smallbees,greatabilitiesB.BeescanlearnandteachC.BeesaresmarterD.Letbeeslearn【文章大意】本文為說(shuō)明文，屬于科普類文章。介紹了大黃蜂有學(xué)習(xí)能力，還會(huì)傳播自己學(xué)到的知識(shí)。1.B【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。依據(jù)第二段可知，大黃蜂也具有學(xué)習(xí)并傳播所學(xué)知識(shí)的能力，結(jié)合第三段本句話可知，這種能力并非人類獨(dú)有的，故選B項(xiàng)。2.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三、四、五、六、七段可知，蜜蜂可以被訓(xùn)練學(xué)習(xí)技能。D項(xiàng)正確。4.B【解析】主旨大意題。綜合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，大黃蜂也可以學(xué)習(xí)并傳播所學(xué)技能，故選B項(xiàng)。Passage2(2017屆黑龍江大慶一中高三第三段測(cè))話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率保護(hù)本國(guó)文化355★★★☆☆6分鐘Oneofthemainchallengesfacingmanycountriesishowtomaintaintheiridentityinthefaceofglobalizationandthegrowingmulti-languagetrend.＂OneofthemainreasonsforeconomicfailureinmanyAfricancountriesisthefactthat,withafewimportantexceptions,mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinanyoftheindependentAfricanstates.＂saidNevilleAlexander,DirectoroftheProjectfortheStudyofAlternativeEducationinSouthAfricaattheUniversityofCapeTown.InresponsetothespreadofEnglishandtheincreasedmulti-languagetrendsarisingfromimmigration,manycountrieshaveintroducedlanguagelawsinthelastdecade.Insome,theuseoflanguagesotherthanthenationallanguageisbannedinpublicspacessuchasadvertisingposters.Oneofthefirstsuchlegalprovisions(規(guī)定)wasthe1994＂Toubonlaw＂inFrance,andtheideahasbeencopiedinmanycountriessincethen.Sucheffortstogovernlanguageuseareoftenconsideredasfutilebylanguageexperts,whoarewellawareofthedifficultyincontrollingfashionsinspeechandknowfromresearchthatlanguageswitchingamongbilingualsisanaturalprocess.ItisespeciallydifficultfornativespeakersofEnglishtounderstandthedesiretomaintainthe＂purity＂ofalanguagebylaw.SincethetimeofShakespeare,Englishhascontinuallyabsorbedforeignwordsintoitsownlanguage.Englishisoneofthemostmixedandrapidlychanginglanguagesintheworld,butthathasnotbeenabarriertoacquiringsuperiorityandpower.AnotherreasonforthefailureofmanynativeEnglishspeakerstounderstandtheroleofthestateregulationisthatithasneverbeentheAnglo-Saxonwayofdoingthings.Englishhasneverhadastate-controlledauthorityforthelanguage,similar,forexample,totheAcademicFrancaiseinFrance.Theneedtoprotectnationallanguagesis,formostwesternEuropeans,arecentphenomenon-especiallytheneedtoensurethatEnglishdoesnotunnecessarilytakeovertoomanyfields.Publiccommunication,educationandnewwaysofcommunicationpromotedbytechnology,maybekeyfieldstodefend.1.NevilleAlexanderbelievesthat__________.A.mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinallAfricancountriesB.globalizationhasresultedintheeconomicfailureofAfricaC.globalizationhasledtotheriseofmulti-languagetrendD.lackofmother-tongueeducationcanleadtoeconomicfailure2.Theunderlinedword＂futile＂(inparagraph2)mostprobablymeans＂_________＂.A.workable B.practicalC.useless D.unnecessary3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Englishhastakenoverfieldslikepubliccommunicationandeducation.B.ManyaspectsofnationalculturearethreatenedbythespreadofEnglish.C.Mostlanguageexpertsbelieveitisimportanttopromoteanationallanguage.D.Europeanshavelongrealizedtheneedtoprotectanationallanguage.4.Thebesttitleforthepassageis__________.A.FightingagainsttheruleofEnglishB.ProtectinglocallanguagesandidentitiesC.Globalizationandmulti-languagetrendD.Tomaintainthepurityoflanguagebylaw【文章大意】現(xiàn)在世界全球化導(dǎo)致很多國(guó)家的獨(dú)特的文化收到了沖擊和影響，本文講述的正是這方面的話題。很多國(guó)家都采取了很多的措施來(lái)保護(hù)本國(guó)的文化。1.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段＂OneofthemainreasonsforeconomicfailureinmanyAfricancountriesisthefactthat,withafewimportantexceptions,mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinanyoftheindependentAfricanstates.＂saidNevilleAlexander可知，他認(rèn)為母語(yǔ)教育方面的缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的失敗。故D正確。學(xué)科&網(wǎng)2.C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本句Sucheffortstogovernlanguageuseareoftendismissedasfutilebylanguageexperts,whoarewellawareofthedifficultyincontrollingfashionsinspeechandknowfromresearchthatlanguageswitchingamongbilingualsisanaturalprocess.可知，很多語(yǔ)言專家都認(rèn)為管理語(yǔ)言使用的努力是無(wú)用的，因?yàn)檫@樣的控制是沒(méi)有什么效果的。故C正確。4.B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段Oneofthemainchallengesfacingmanycountriesishowtomaintaintheiridentityinthefaceofglobalizationandthegrowingmulti-languagetrend.可知，現(xiàn)在世界全球化導(dǎo)致很多國(guó)家的獨(dú)特的文化受到了沖擊和影響，本文講述的正是這方面的話題。故B正確。Passage3(2017屆貴州省南白中學(xué)高三第四次聯(lián)考)話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率不要期盼完美的演講294★★★☆☆6分鐘Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.Atsomepointineveryspeech,everyspeakersayssomethingthatisnotunderstoodexactlyashehasplanned.Fortunately,suchmomentsareusuallynotobvioustothelisteners.Why?Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay.Ifyouloseyourplaceforamoment,wronglychangetheorderofacoupleofsentences,orforgettopauseatacertainpoint,noonewillbeanythewiser.Whensuchmomentsoccur,don’tworryaboutthem.Justcontinueasifnothinghappened.Evenifyoudomakeanobviousmistakeduringaspeech,thatdoesn’treallymatter.IfyouhaveeverlistenedtoMartinLutherKing’sfamousspeech—＂IHaveaDream＂,youmaynoticethathestumbles(結(jié)巴)overhiswordstwiceduringthespeech.Mostlikely,however,youdon’tremember.Why?Becauseyouwerefixingyourattentiononhismessageratherthanonhiswayofspeech-making.Peoplecarealotaboutmakingamistakeinaspeechbecausetheyregardspeech-makingasakindofperformanceratherthanasanactofcommunication.Theyfeelthelistenersarelikejudgesinanice-skatingcompetition.But,infact,thelistenersarenotlookingforaperfectperformance.Theyarelookingforawell-thought-outspeechthatexpressesthespeaker’sideasclearlyanddirectly.Sometimesamistakeortwocanactuallyincreaseaspeaker’sattractivenessbymakinghimmorehuman.Asyouworkonyourspeech,don’tworryaboutbeingperfect.Onceyoufreeyourmindofthis,youwillfinditmucheasiertogiveyourspeechfreely.1.Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmeansthatnoonewill.A.besmarterthanyou B.knowwhatyouaretalkingaboutC.dobetterthanyou D.noticeyourmistakes2.Youdon’trememberobviousmistakesinaspeechbecause.A.youfindthewayofspeech-makingmoreimportantB.youdon’tfullyunderstandthespeechC.youdon’tknowwhatthespeakerplanstosayD.yourattentionisonthecontent3.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthormeansthat.A.givingaspeechislikegivingaperformanceB.thelistenersshouldpaymoreattentiontohowaspeechismadeC.oneortwomistakesinaspeechmaynotbebad。D.themoremistakesaspeakermakes,themoreattractivehewillbe4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoBeaPerfectSpeaker B.Don’tExpectaPerfectSpeechC.Don’tExpectMistakesinaSpeech D.HowtoMakeaPerfectSpeech【文章大意】這篇文章主要講了不要期盼完美的演講，沒(méi)有人會(huì)注意到你的錯(cuò)誤，有時(shí)一兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤也不壞。1.D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文＂Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay.＂可知，沒(méi)人會(huì)注意到你在演講中所出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題和錯(cuò)誤，故選D。3.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話＂Sometimesamistakeortwocanactuallyincreaseaspeaker’sattractivenessbymakinghimmorehuman＂作者認(rèn)為演講中的一兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤并不壞。故選C。4.B【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的句子＂Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.＂可知，文章主要介紹不要期望完美的演講。故選B。Passage4(2017屆山西省晉中市高考模擬)話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率幫助別人，提高自己266★★★★☆5分鐘RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer＂psychologicalfirstaid＂andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ihadreceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打擾)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,＂Justgo.Justbether