口譯常用的筆記符號(hào)匯總課件

口譯常用的筆記符號(hào)匯總口譯常用的筆記符號(hào)匯總口譯成功與否在很大程度上取決于譯員在口譯表達(dá)前對(duì)感知的信息進(jìn)行記錄的能力。記錄分為“腦記”和“筆記”兩種。

人腦的記憶由短時(shí)記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶兩部分組成。顧名思義，短時(shí)記憶是一種操作性的暫時(shí)記憶，屬于一種儲(chǔ)存性的永久記憶。影響一個(gè)人短時(shí)記憶的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是記憶內(nèi)容的意義性。即便是當(dāng)感知的信息有意義時(shí)，人的短時(shí)記憶只可容納由二十多個(gè)單詞組成的句子，或者一組十位數(shù)的數(shù)字。因此，對(duì)于口譯工作者來說，完全依賴人腦的記憶能力是危險(xiǎn)的，記筆記便顯得十分重要。

口譯成功與否在很大程度上取決于譯員在口譯表達(dá)前對(duì)感知的信息進(jìn)一、做口譯筆記時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)

1.口譯筆記應(yīng)記要點(diǎn)，切忌求記“全”。口譯筆記是記憶的延伸或補(bǔ)充，不應(yīng)也不必取代記憶?？谧g筆記的主要內(nèi)容是概念、命題、名稱、數(shù)字、組織機(jī)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果關(guān)系等），筆記單位以表達(dá)意群的詞語和符號(hào)為主。

2.口譯筆記求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口譯筆記可使用來源語，也可使用目標(biāo)語，也可以雙語兼用。只要有利于口譯的準(zhǔn)確性和流利性，不必拘泥于某種文字或符號(hào)。例如，“聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)”可筆錄為“UN”或“聯(lián)大”。

4.口譯筆記使用大量常見略語，例如：cf(compare),Co(company),eg(forexample),etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。一、做口譯筆記時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)二、常用速記符號(hào)

速記是一項(xiàng)特殊的技巧，速記語言是由一套完整的符號(hào)組成的體系。在口譯實(shí)踐中逐步掌握一些簡(jiǎn)單的速記符號(hào)是有益的

二、常用速記符號(hào)

速記是一項(xiàng)特殊的技巧，速記語筆記符號(hào)state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)一.圖形符號(hào)筆記符號(hào)state,kingdom,country,ncitizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，監(jiān)督;頂點(diǎn)，頂級(jí)，最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundariescitizen,urbanresidents/inh多國(guó)，其他國(guó)家othercountries國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad多國(guó)，其他國(guó)家othercountries國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)口import出口export進(jìn)出口import&export飛行員pilot飛機(jī)場(chǎng)airport中國(guó)人Chinesepeople進(jìn)口import出口export進(jìn)出口impor經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體economicentity金融機(jī)構(gòu)financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，政府首腦stateleader廣場(chǎng)square,plaze經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體economicentity金融機(jī)構(gòu)fin宏觀調(diào)控，macro-control首都capitalcity重要

important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence宏觀調(diào)控，macro-control首都capital3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming

4.精彩

wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,3.主要4.精彩2.杰出5.強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant5.強(qiáng)調(diào)themostimportant特點(diǎn)，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof特點(diǎn)，特色，特征2.代表整體，全部，總共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.團(tuán)結(jié)，統(tǒng)一，團(tuán)聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有國(guó)家所有人，人民群眾整體，全部，總共2.團(tuán)結(jié)，統(tǒng)一，團(tuán)聚所有國(guó)家所有人，人民群主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙會(huì)議meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰會(huì)summit(meeting)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整⊙會(huì)議峰會(huì)∞

關(guān)聯(lián)linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof交流，交換exchange,interact,communicate2.關(guān)系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership∞關(guān)聯(lián)2.替代交流，交換2.關(guān)系雙邊關(guān)系，bilateralrelationship多邊關(guān)系，multilateralrelationship舉杯，協(xié)議toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution雙邊協(xié)議，bilateralagreement多邊協(xié)議，multilateralagreement雙邊關(guān)系，bilateralrelationship多邊關(guān)⊕發(fā)展，develop,development發(fā)達(dá)的，developed發(fā)展中的，developing開始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate⊕發(fā)展，develop,development發(fā)達(dá)的，de2.形成，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution2.形成，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)3.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生禁止，結(jié)束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof禁止，結(jié)束道路，方法歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困難，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback遠(yuǎn)

faraway近

near,close歪曲2.困難，挫折遠(yuǎn)faraway近near,臺(tái)階，進(jìn)步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress過去，歷史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上個(gè)月lastmonth去年lastyear臺(tái)階，進(jìn)步過去，歷史昨天yesterday上個(gè)月l前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longbefore未來，將要,inthefuture改變，變化

change,transform前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longb果實(shí)，成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement（使）消失，廢除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.

破壞，推翻，剝奪destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,

deprive,

果實(shí)，成果（使）消失，廢除2.破壞，推翻，剝奪4.倒閉，下崗bankrupt,

layoff,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解決，達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.拋棄abandon,desert,discard4.倒閉，下崗5.死亡，已故的6.解決，達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)3二.人體行為符號(hào)smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.說tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.評(píng)論comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review二.人體行為符號(hào)smile,happy,glad,開羅宣言，CairoManifesto贊揚(yáng)speakhighlyof,praise批評(píng)criticize眾說紛紜，若干說法variousopinions開羅宣言，CairoManifesto贊揚(yáng)speak改革開放reformandopeningup愛，關(guān)心love,concern,careabout嚇唬，威脅scare,threaten1.聽,listento2.開放,beopento改革開放愛，關(guān)心嚇唬，威脅1.聽,listento:看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，顯示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect:看2.想3.揭示，顯示←1.來come2.收到receive3.需要，缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀請(qǐng)，應(yīng)邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.賣sell2.獲利makeaprofit←1.來come愿意接受acceptwithp去，到go

引起，導(dǎo)致resultin,leadto1.買buy2.投資invest↑增加；上升；完善；繁榮increase,heighten,enhance,grow,lift

soar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup去，到go1.買buy↑增加；上升；完善；繁榮↓減少，降低，貶值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很，非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深遠(yuǎn)的profound,far-reaching↓減少，降低，貶值1.很，非常deeply,very推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻礙，推遲obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，有助于阻礙，推遲↗沖突，矛盾，分歧，爭(zhēng)議conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越來越increasing,growing,moreandmore越來越大biggerandbigger越來越多moreandmore↗沖突，矛盾，分歧，爭(zhēng)議越來越越來越大bigger壓力，影響pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,haveeffecton迄今為止sofar,uptonow,tillnow壓力，影響迄今為止…四.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)多numerous,countless,enormousabundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantialaseriesof2.持續(xù)，繼續(xù)，一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuouseverlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,allalong,keepon,goon…四.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)多numerous,countless3.信息點(diǎn)的弱化4.信息的省略andsoon在某種程度上tosomedegree不那么重要notsoimportant3.信息點(diǎn)的弱化4.信息的省略在某種程度上不那么重要﹗1.危險(xiǎn)，警告，當(dāng)心dangerous,hazardous,jeopardywarning,alarming,alertindanger,watchout2.加強(qiáng)語氣：務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然sure,certainly,ofcourse老實(shí)說，說實(shí)在的

tobefrank,totellyouthetruth﹗1.危險(xiǎn)，警告，當(dāng)心2.加強(qiáng)語氣：務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然老實(shí)﹖﹪問題，疑問question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑問句以“？”開頭來記錄百分比，percent﹖﹪問題，疑問2.所有疑問句以“？”開頭來記錄百分比，pe“”??

引用（理論，名言等）鄧小平理論Dengxiaopingtheories《紅樓夢(mèng)》

ADreaminRedMansionsTheStroyoftheStone書“”??引用（理論，名言等）鄧小平理論《紅樓夢(mèng)》書﹙﹚由…組成，包括，容納contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,bemadeupof,consistof〔〕用于記錄狀語﹙﹚由…組成，包括，容納〔〕用于記錄狀語∵∴五.數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)因?yàn)?，由于，幸虧because,dueto,thanksto所以，因此，結(jié)果是so,therefore,thatiswhy…consequently∵∴五.數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)因?yàn)椋捎?，幸虧所以，因此，結(jié)果是﹢和，另外，多plus,and,add,morethan,besides,moreover,inaddition另外五十a(chǎn)notherfifty五十多morethanfifty更少fewer﹢和，另外，多另外五十a(chǎn)notherfifty五十多÷－＝

減去，負(fù)增長(zhǎng)

minus除了except相同，一致thesameas公平fair,equal,justice比作compare…to…符合beconsistentwithbeinagreementwithcomplywith÷－＝減去，負(fù)增長(zhǎng)除了except相同，一致the≠≈不贊同，不平等，有差距，不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事實(shí)notcomplywiththefact大約，大概about,almost,nearly等于說，也就是說thatistosay,inotherwords≠≈不贊同，不平等，有差距，不符合不符合事實(shí)大約，大概等于說＜＞1.大于，超過surpass,exceed,morethansuperiorto2.供過于求supplyexceedsdemand過熱overheated少于，低于lessthan,inferiorto2.供不應(yīng)求demandexceedssupply＜＞1.大于，超過2.供過于求supplyexce∑總和sum∈×屬于belongto錯(cuò)的，不好的，負(fù)面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否決veto∑總和sum∈×屬于belongto錯(cuò)的，不好的，√

不稱霸notseekhegemony對(duì)的，好的，積極的correct,good,positive,affirmative2.支持，善于，有利于support,begoodat,intheinterestof3.認(rèn)可，批準(zhǔn)endorse,ratify,confirm,approve√不稱霸notseekhegemony對(duì)的，好的文中立六.中文文化，文學(xué)，文明culture,literature,civilization中國(guó)People’sRepublicofChina立場(chǎng)，position(一）中文字文中立六.中文文化，文學(xué)，文明中國(guó)立場(chǎng)，position(力兒大力量，能力，權(quán)力power,strength,force,ability,capability兒童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市場(chǎng)，market力兒大力量，能力，權(quán)力兒童,childrenbig,（二）偏旁部首學(xué)習(xí)study,learn家family,home快，迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedyquick,prompt（二）偏旁部首學(xué)習(xí)study,learn家fami組織organize,structure,tissue建設(shè)build,construct措施measure飯，食物meal,ricefood餐館，飯店restaurant組織organize,structure,tissu疾病illness,disease,ailment,sick病人patient軍事，軍隊(duì)military,army,troop管理management,administration健康health疾病illness,disease,ailment,fu(三)拼音字母感謝thank,appreciate稱霸，霸權(quán)主義hegemony,seekhegemony貢獻(xiàn)contribution腐敗corruptionfu(三)拼音字母感謝thank,appreciat﹟七.諧音僅僅just,merely,only,nothingmorethannotonly環(huán)境environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background﹟七.諧音僅僅notonly環(huán)境八化學(xué)符號(hào)Fe鐵ferrum,iron鐵路railway八化學(xué)符號(hào)Fe鐵ferrum,iron鐵路rai九生物♀

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