2024屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)選擇性必修第三冊Unit3EnvironmentalProtection教師用書

UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION一、閱讀詞匯——在詞塊中明義1．theemissionofgases 氣體的排放2．carbonfootprint 碳足跡3．thedisposalofwaste 廢物處理4．a(chǎn)professorinecology 一位生態(tài)學(xué)教授5．reducefuelconsumption 降低燃料消耗6．a(chǎn)ttractworldwideattention 引起世界各地的關(guān)注7．economicpolicy 經(jīng)濟政策8．underheavysmog 處于重度煙霧中9．thevolumeofsales 銷售量10．inagarbagebag 在一個垃圾袋里二、表達詞匯——在語境中活用(一)在括號內(nèi)寫出藍體詞匯在語境中的漢語意思1．Heisreleasinganalbumofsongs.(vt.發(fā)布)2．Thereisagrowingtrendtowardsearlierretirement.(n.趨勢)3．Troopshaveseizedtheairportandrailwayterminals.(vt.控制)4．Therewasimpatienceovertheslownessofreform.(n.改革)5．Thestormsandtorrentialraincausedtrafficchaosacrossthecountry.(n.混亂)6．Thearmyhasrecentlybeenbroughtintorestoreorder.(vt.恢復(fù))7．Thefactorywasfinedfordischargingchemicalsintotheriver.(vt.對……處以罰款)8．Duringhiselectioncampaignhepromisedtoputtheeconomybackonitsfeet.(n.運動)(二)寫出藍體詞匯的語境之義及拓展形式1．Inthe1930s,millionsofUkrainiansstarvedtodeathorweredeported.(vt.挨餓)拓展：starvationn．饑餓；挨餓；餓死2．Shemanagedtosustaineveryone'sinterestuntiltheendofherspeech.(vt.維持)拓展：sustainedadj.持續(xù)的；持久的→sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的；合理利用的3．Theconcertwillbebroadcastliveontelevisionandradio.(vt.播送)拓展：broadcastern．廣播員4．Irestrictmyselftoonecupofcoffeeaday.(vt.限制)拓展：restrictionn．限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束→restrictedadj.受限制的；有限的→restrictiveadj.限制性的；約束的5．Inshort,agoodandharmoniousenvironmentathomeisnecessaryforachildtogrowhealthy.(adj.和諧的)拓展：harmonyn．融洽；協(xié)調(diào)6．Ateachermustbesensitivetoachild'sneeds.(adj.敏感的)拓展：sensen．感覺；理解力→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的→senselessadj.無意義的；失去知覺的→sensitivelyadv.敏感地；易受傷害地7．Engineerscarriedoutathoroughinspectionofthetrack.(n.檢查)拓展：inspectvt.檢查；視察→inspectorn．檢查員；視察員8．Idon'tknowhowyoutoleratethatnoise！(vt.忍受)拓展：tolerancen．容忍；寬容→tolerableadj.可容忍的→tolerantadj.容忍的；寬容的→tolerantlyadv.容忍地三、詞塊短語——在語境中辨義活用寫出或選出加藍部分在語境中的漢語意思1．I'vebeenchosentoattendthenationalchesscompetitiononbehalfofourschool.代表2．Keepinganimalsatzooshashadanimpactonthestatusofmostendangeredspecies.對……有影響3．However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.導(dǎo)致4．Mostofhousewivesspentmoretimeinsearchoffoodforcookingintheirdailylife.尋找5．Itooknotesduringthemeeting,butIhaven'thadachancetowritethemintoareportsofar.到目前為止6．LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens.許多7．Evolutionoccursasaresultofadaptationtonewenvironment.由于8．Somerarebirdsintheareaareindangerofdyingoutbecauseofhumanactivities.BA．減弱 B．滅絕C．渴望D．平息四、經(jīng)典句式——在佳句背誦中品悟規(guī)則用法1.教材原句ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.(Thereislittledoubtthat...“毫無疑問……”)毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越溫暖。寫作亮句(2021·全國乙卷書面表達)ThereisnodoubtthatwebenefitalotfromtherapidpaceoftheInternetdevelopment.毫無疑問，我們從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速發(fā)展中受益良多。文化典句Thereisnodoubtthatsuccessliesinhardwork,whilelazinesscanleadtofailure.毫無疑問，成功在于努力，而懶惰導(dǎo)致失敗。2.教材原句Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語)我們有責(zé)任抓住每一個機會，讓每個人了解全球變暖，包括其成因和影響，因為這是影響這個星球上我們所有人的最嚴重的問題。寫作亮句Thepeoplewaitingforthebusaretalkingwitheachother.正在等公共汽車的人們相互交談著。文化典句Peopleremainingoptimisticstrivefortheirowndreamspersistentlythroughthickandthin.保持樂觀的人們總是為自己的夢想不屈不撓、堅持不懈地奮斗。五、“續(xù)寫”片段——在背誦中品悟如何寫靚寫美常用修辭手法之暗喻Wegotoutofthecarandeachtookachild'shand,andIfollowedCarolyndownthepath.Then,weturnedacornerofthepath,andIlookedup.Beforemelaythemostglorioussightasthoughsomeonehadtakenagreatvatofcoloursandpoureditdownoverthemountain.Theflowerswereplantedinsplendidpatterns—ribbonsofdeeporange,white,lemon,yellow,andbutteryellow.Eachdifferent-colouredvarietywasplantedasagroupsothatitswirledandflowedasariverwithitsownuniquecolour.Therewereahugeseaofflowers.我們下了車，每人牽著一個孩子的手，我跟著卡羅琳沿著小路走。然后，我們拐了一個彎，我抬起頭來。在我面前是最壯麗的景象，仿佛有人拿了一大桶顏色倒在山上。這些花被種植成華麗的圖案——深橙色、白色、檸檬色、黃色和奶油黃色的絲帶。每一種不同顏色的品種都是作為一個群體種植的，這樣它就可以像河流一樣旋轉(zhuǎn)和流動，有自己獨特的顏色。那里有一大片花海。[點評]本段話中用“agreatvatofcolours,pouritdownoverthemountain”來比喻山上的美景就像是有人用了一大桶顏色傾倒而成，用“river”比喻不同群組的花，用“sea”比喻花之多。人們都知道河流的曲折流淌，大海的寬廣無垠，這樣的暗喻使語言生動活潑。1．starvevi.餓死；挨餓；餓得要死；渴望；極需要vt.使餓死；使挨餓[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Withouttheirhabitat,theanimalswerelefttostarvetodeath.②Iaminexperiencedinthisfield,soIstarveforyourhelpinsuchcondition.③Inthisareathecropsaredryingoutinthefieldsandpeoplearedyingofstarvation(starve)．④Istarvedto_get(get)thisjobtosupportmyfamilyandchildren,evenifthesalarywaslow.[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)starvetodeath 餓死starvetodosth. 渴望做某事starveforsth. 渴望得到某物starveo... 斷絕食物(或資金)來源以迫使某人……(2)starvationn. 饑餓；挨餓；餓死2．restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛[題點全練](單句語法填空/句式升級)①Tolimittheemissionofcarbondioxidewillhavearestrictive(restrict)effectonallcountriesintheworld.②Youmaynotknowthatinsomehigh-coststoressmokingisonlyallowedinrestricted(restrict)areas.③Thescientificstationiscosybuthassomerestrictions(restrict)onpersonallifestyle.④Thereisnolimittothenumberofvolunteerswhocanapply.→There_is_no_restriction_onthenumberofvolunteerswhocanapply.(restriction)[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)restrictsth.tosth. 限制某物在某范圍restrictsb.todoingsth. 限制某人做某事(2)restrictiveadj. 限制性的；約束的restrictedadj. 受限制的；有限的restrictionn. 限制規(guī)定(法規(guī))；約束3．harmoniousadj.和諧的[題點全練](單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換)①Theirharmonious(harmony)relationshipresultedinpartfromtheirsimilargoals.②Onlyinthiswaycanweprotectourenvironmentandbeinharmonywithnature.③Withfriendship,lifeishappyandharmonious;withoutfriendship,lifeisoutofharmonywithsurroundings.④Tobuildaharmoniousworld,thedevelopedcountriesshouldbeinharmonywithothers.→Tobuildaharmoniousworld,thedevelopedcountriesshouldn'tbe_out_of_harmony_withothers.[系統(tǒng)歸納]harmonyn． 融洽；協(xié)調(diào)inharmonywith 與……融洽相處；與……協(xié)調(diào)一致outofharmonywith 與……不協(xié)調(diào)/不一致4．sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的[題點全練](單句語法填空/句式升級)①Thesecretofthedogishissensitive(sense)nose,justasawolf'ssenseofhearingiskeen.②Tobetteracceptguestssensitivetothecold,theparkhasanareathatprovideswarmwaterforactivities.③Peoplenowadaysaresensitiveaboutthiskindoffund-raising.④Marycaresalotaboutwhatpeoplethinkofher,soyou'dbetternotsaymuchbeforeher.→Mary_is_sensitive_about_what_people_think_of_her,_soyou'dbetternotsaymuchbeforeher.[系統(tǒng)歸納]besensitiveto 對……敏感besensitiveabout 介意/在乎……5．haveanimpacton對……有影響[題點全練](單句語法填空/完成句子)①Howwillthewarhaveanimpactonthelifestyleofordinarypeople?②Totellthetruth,smokinghasabadimpactonone'shealth.③Yourfocusshouldbeelsewhere,likeimprovingyourself,reachingyourgoalsandimpacting_ontheworld.你的關(guān)注點應(yīng)該放在其他地方，比如提高自己、實現(xiàn)目標和影響世界。[系統(tǒng)歸納]impacton 影響；對……沖擊；碰撞6．dieout滅絕；逐漸消亡[題點全練](單句語法填空/完成句子)①YoumentionedthatyouwouldliketoteachEnglishinreturn,whichisexactlywhatIamdyingfor.②Sheisdyingto_know(know)whereyou'vebeen,whichisenoughtoshowherconcernforyou.③Lawsshouldbepassedtoprotectpandas.Otherwise,theyarecertaintodie_out.應(yīng)該通過法律保護熊貓。否則，他們一定會滅絕的。④Althoughthewindhasdied_down,_therainremainssteady,soyoustillneedaraincoat.雖然風(fēng)減弱了，雨卻下個不停，所以你仍然需要一件雨衣。[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)dieaway (聲音、光線等)逐漸消失dieof/from 死于……diedown 減弱；逐漸平息dieoff 相繼死去(2)bedyingfor 渴望bedyingtodosth. 極想做某事1．seizevt.抓住；奪??；控制[題點全練](單句語法填空/詞匯升級)①Thechilddartedoutoftheroadandthepolicemanseizedhimbythearmjustintime.②Theyseizedontheresultsasproofthatglobalwarmingwasn'treallyhappening.③Heseizedthepaperfromherandwasshockedbytheheadlines.④Weareanxioustogetabettereducationsothatwecantakethechancetohaveabrighterfuture.seize_the_chance/opportunity[進階學(xué)習(xí)]系統(tǒng)歸納seizesb.bythearm/collar抓住某人的胳膊/衣領(lǐng)seizethechance/opportunity抓住機會seizeon/upon抓?。粚Α鬄殛P(guān)注seizesth.fromsb.從某人那里奪過某物易錯提醒在“seizesb.bythe＋身體部位”結(jié)構(gòu)中，the不能省略。[練重難點](完成句子)⑤Beforethethiefcouldrunaway,apolicemanseized_him_by_the_arm.在小偷逃跑之前，一名警察抓住了他的胳膊。2．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Theboycouldn'ttolerateotherpeople'smaking(make)noiseintheroom,sohewentout.②TheonethingIlearnedistolerance(tolerate)andappreciationofallpeople.③Luckily,myparentsweretolerant(tolerate)ofmychoiceofbooks.[進階學(xué)習(xí)]系統(tǒng)歸納(1)tolerate(doing)sth.容忍(做)某事can'ttolerate(doing)sth.無法忍受(做)某事(2)tolerancen.容忍；寬容tolerantadj.容忍的；寬容的聯(lián)想拓展表示“容忍”的表達還有：stand（sb.）doingsth.,bear（sb.）doing/todosth.均意為“忍受/容忍（某人）做某事”；putupwith意為“忍受,容忍”[練重難點](一句多譯)我不能容忍在公共場合被嘲笑。④Ican'ttolerate_being_laughed_atinpublic.(tolerate)⑤Ican'tstand_being_laughed_atinpublic.(stand)⑥Ican'tbear_being_laughed_atinpublic.(bear)⑦Ican'tput_up_with_being_laughed_atinpublic.(putupwith)3．onbehalfof代表(代替)某人[題點全練](完成句子)①On_behalf_of_my_whole_family,_I'dliketoextendmysinceregratitudeforyourhelp.我謹代表我全家對你們的幫助表示真誠的感謝。②Shemadeanemotionalpublicappealon_her_son's_behalf.她代表她兒子作了感動人心的公開呼吁。[進階學(xué)習(xí)]系統(tǒng)歸納onbehalfofsb.＝onone'sbehalf以某人的名義；為了某人；代表某人辨析比較(1)onbehalfof為介詞短語，只能用作狀語，表示“代表/代替某人”。(2)standfor往往用來表示“(字母、數(shù)字、符號等)代表或象征”，不用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。(3)represent為動詞，表示“代表(某人、團體、政府等)”。[練重難點]選詞填空(onbehalfof/standfor/represent)③Now,on_behalf_ofmyschoolmates,Iwishyouasafereturn.④Tomorrowmorningthesecretarywillrepresentthepresidentatthemeetingtodeliveraspeech.⑤WhatdothefiveringsontheOlympicflagstand_for?1．Thereislittledoubtthat...“毫無疑問……”[用法規(guī)則](1)doubt用作名詞時，在肯定句中用whether(不可用if)引導(dǎo)同位語從句；在否定句中用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(2)動詞doubt在肯定句中，后多跟if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；在否定/疑問句中后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。[應(yīng)用體驗]用恰當?shù)倪B接詞補全語境/完成句子①Idon'tdoubtthatmyfatherwillcometowatchmyperformance,butIdoubtwhether/ifhecancomeontime.②Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillbeelectedpresident.Butwehavenodoubtthathewillsucceedintheelection.③I_doubt_whether/ifhewillcontinuetoworkhere.我懷疑他是否會繼續(xù)在這里工作。④I_don't_doubt_thathewillwinthecompetition.我確信他會贏得這場比賽。⑤There_is_no_doubt_thateducationisaproblemweshouldpaymoreattentionto.毫無疑問，教育是一個我們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注的問題。2．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語[用法規(guī)則](1)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，可表示主動和動作正在進行，其被動形式(beingdone)通常表示被動的、正在進行的動作。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句。[應(yīng)用體驗](完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換)①Thereisalwaysagroupofpeopleproviding_strong_technical_supportforeachofthecountry'shugeprojects.總會有一群人為國家的每一個大型項目提供強有力的技術(shù)支持。②Whenwegotacallsaying_she_was_short-listed,_wethoughtitwasajoke.當我們接到電話說她入圍時，我們以為是個玩笑。③Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,ranging_from_butterflies_to_elephants.國家公園有許多野生動物，從蝴蝶到大象不等。④Therewerealotofboysinthefieldplayingfootball.→Therewerealotofboysinthefieldwho_were_playing_football.⑤Thegirlwhostandsunderthetreeisreallycharming.→Thegirlstanding_under_the_treeisreallycharming.eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(寫作主題——環(huán)境保護)))社會發(fā)展需要優(yōu)質(zhì)的環(huán)境，但社會發(fā)展的特定階段也會造成環(huán)境破壞。如何在推動社會發(fā)展的同時更加有效地保護環(huán)境是一個全球性問題。隨著人們環(huán)保意識的提高，綠色出行、植樹治沙等環(huán)保行動日益深入人心。有關(guān)環(huán)保和可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的文章也成為高考寫作常涉及的主題。如：2016年全國卷Ⅱ書面表達，邀請朋友提供主題為環(huán)境保護的作品參加國際中學(xué)生攝影展。(節(jié)選自北師大版教材選擇性必修第一冊UNIT3)Weknowthatcarsarebadforus.Butweallmakeexcuses：“Thebusesareterrible”；“Thetrainsarealwayslate”；“Ihaven'tgottimetowalk”．(用連續(xù)的直接引語，列舉了人們常找的借口)I'mtalkingaboutmyself,too.Tobefrank,I'maddictedtomycar.WhenIaskedafriendworkingforagreen-livingorganisationforadviceabouthowtogiveup,shetoldmefivethings：(引入五條建議，同時也使得段落過渡自然)●Useyourlegs.In2014,over55%ofcarjourneyswereundereightkilometres.Insteadoftakingshortcarjourneys,wecouldeasilywalkorcycle.Legpowercansaveyourmoney,keepyoufitandhelpyoulivelonger.Regularexercisealsocutstheriskofheartdiseaseby50%！(列舉了走路的好處，數(shù)據(jù)的運用有效增強了說服力)●Usepublictransport.●Thinkbeforeyougo.●Sharecars.●Takeaction!Weoftenthinkthereisnothingwecandoaboutthenoise,pollutionanddangeroftraffic.Thereis.Ifyourstreetisfullofheavytraffic,talktoyourneighboursaboutit.Writetothepapers.Gotothecitygovernment.Askforaspeedlimit.?Dowhicheverofthesethingsthatsuityou.Don'tjustsitaroundandcomplain！(列舉了個人可以做的事情，有現(xiàn)實指導(dǎo)意義)?Allquitesimple,isn'tit？Fiveeasywaystoimproveourenvironment.?Well,I'msorryIhavetofinishthisarticle,butI'vegottopickupmydaughterfromschoolat4pm.ThenI'vegottodrivetothesupermarkettodotheshopping.Afterthat,Ihavetotakemysontoaparty.?Thetrafficisgoingtobehorrible,butwhatcanIdo？(作者描述了自己的自相矛盾的做法，實則映襯很多人口是心非的可笑行為，引人深思)由教材學(xué)寫法1．學(xué)亮點詞匯第一段中的makeexcuses形象地描寫了那些抱怨汽車的危害卻又找各種借口開車的人的行為；addicted一詞精準地刻畫了作者對汽車的過度依賴。第二段中的cut強有力地說明了經(jīng)常鍛煉能降低患心臟病的風(fēng)險。2．學(xué)高級句式句?是一個復(fù)合句，主句為祈使句，代詞whichever在句中起到了強調(diào)作用，關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句進一步解釋說明了其具體內(nèi)容。句?是一個并列句，but連接兩個并列分句，第一分句I'msorry后省略了連詞that。該句式常用于委婉地提出一個使對方不快的事實，在本文中它用來表示遺憾。3．學(xué)修辭手法句?是一個表達口語化的反意疑問句，陳述部分省略了be動詞。反意疑問句的運用，使得表達的語氣強烈、肯定，能給讀者以深刻印象。句?but后的分句為反問句，結(jié)合前一分句的內(nèi)容，在表達的效果上既展現(xiàn)了幽默諷刺，又能發(fā)人深省。4．學(xué)寫作手法本文選自一篇關(guān)于如何放棄駕車來保護環(huán)境的說明文。文章講述了綠色和平組織的詹妮·特洛維就如何放棄駕車以改善環(huán)境給出的五條建議。作者在行文過程中運用了感嘆句、疑問句、祈使句等多樣化的句式，句子總體簡短有力，語言表達靈活多變，生活氣息濃郁。作者最后以自嘲的語氣描述了自己矛盾的做法，并以反問句結(jié)束文章，引人發(fā)笑又能激發(fā)讀者思考。Ⅰ.多積詞塊——豐富表達方式1．inthemeantime 在此期間；與此同時2．humanactivities 人類活動3．gogreen 生產(chǎn)或使用綠色產(chǎn)品4．a(chǎn)ccountfor 占……比例5．jointefforts 共同努力6．beresponsiblefor 對……負責(zé)7．leadlow-carbontravel 引領(lǐng)低碳出行8．solongas 只要9．beinvolvedin 參與10．a(chǎn)privatecar 私家車11．pickuprubbish 撿拾垃圾12．makesense 有意義；講得通13．a(chǎn)bigsuccess 一個巨大的成功14．haveaneffecton 對……有影響/產(chǎn)生效果15．changeone'slife 改變某人的生活Ⅱ.多積佳句——彰顯表達功底1．Wecycledfromtheverybeginningtotheendofthecamp,sayingnotoanynon-environmentallyfriendlytransportation.夏令營期間我們自始至終騎車出行，拒絕任何不環(huán)保的交通方式。2．Itisthroughtheactivitythatwelearnbettertheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.通過該活動，我們更好地意識到保護環(huán)境的重要性。3．StartinginMay,theactivitiesareaimedatreducingairpollutioninourcityandraisingpeople'senvironmentalawareness.從五月份開始的活動旨在減少我們市的空氣污染并提高人們的環(huán)境意識。4．Nowmoreandmorepeoplebecomeawarethatthepresentenvironmenthasmuchtodowithwhatwehavedonetotheearth.現(xiàn)在，越來越多的人意識到，目前的環(huán)境與我們對地球的所作所為有很大關(guān)系。5．Ithinkitisagoodideatosetupaclublikethat!Youcanfirstgivespeechesaboutprotectingtheenvironmentatschool.我認為建立這樣一個俱樂部是個好主意！你可以先在學(xué)校做關(guān)于保護環(huán)境的演講。一、作文提升練習(xí)下面是一篇學(xué)生習(xí)作，主題是倡議“綠色生活”。請根據(jù)上面所學(xué)，對習(xí)作進行潤色、升級。GreenLifeStartsFromMeAsweallknow，theearthisourcommonhome.________，sheisbeingpollutedatarapidspeedduetohumanactivities.?Itishightimethatweshouldgogreen,andthuswecanprotectourenvironment.Firstly,weshouldfurtherraisetheawarenessoftheimportanceofgoinggreen.Secondly,itmakessensetousebusesandsubwaysorridebicyclesasmuchaspossible.Furthermore,itisagoodideatoclassifyrubbishandrecycleitinourdailylife...?Asmallactmakesagreatdifference.Let'sactfornowandenjoyagreenlife!(一)將文中加藍詞匯升級1．rapid→horrible2．busesandsubways→public_transport(二)根據(jù)提示將文中句子升級1．用非謂語動詞作目的狀語升級句?_In_order_to_protect_our_environment,_it_is_high_time_that_we_should_go_green.2．用反意疑問句升級句?A_small_act_makes_a_great_difference,_doesn't_it?(三)在文中設(shè)空處加上銜接詞However二、續(xù)寫語段思維活結(jié)合主題，根據(jù)下面給出的開頭語和情節(jié)脈絡(luò)續(xù)寫一個80詞左右的片段。情節(jié)脈絡(luò)：受到一位穿著黃色馬甲撿拾垃圾的女士(VestLady)的影響，“我”也開始撿垃圾——但是“我”很快意識到一個人的力量是不夠的，于是創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站來號召更多的志愿者加入清除垃圾的行動中來……Moreandmorepeopleputonvestswiththeirownnames.參考范文：Moreandmorepeopleputonvestswiththeirownnames.Volunteerscouldbeseenpickinguprubbishintheirsparetime.Theyellowvestsmadebeautifulsceneryintheparkoronthestreet.Withourjointefforts,theenvironmentbecamebetterandbetter.Whatdelightedmemostwasthatpeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionwasimproved.Therubbishremovalcampaignwasabigsuccess.ThankstoVestLadywhorootedthesenseofenvironmentalprotectioninmymind,morepeoplebecame“VestLady”．課時作業(yè)(一)語篇閱讀訓(xùn)練——保準度Ⅰ.閱讀理解AEffortstopreservetheAmazonrainforestaregrowingevermoreurgentastheecosystem'sdestructionaccelerates.Arecentstudyshowsthatanewprogramcombiningon-the-groundmonitoringwithsatellitedataandsmartphonetechnologycouldhelpputthebrakesonAmazondeforestation(毀林)—andpotentiallythatofforestselsewhere.Thescientistscooperatedwith76localcommunities,36ofwhichparticipatedinusingsatellite-based“earlydeforestationalerts”，anearly-alertsystemonasmartphoneapp,towatchovertheforestandtoinspectforestsanddocumentdamage.Overthenexttwoyearstheparticipantswerepaidtoworkasforestmonitorsandreceivedmonthlyalertsviatheappwhensatellitedataindicatedlocalforestlosses.Monitorsinvestigatedalertsandinspectedfordeforestationintheareas.Theyreportedconfirmedlossesbacktotheircommunities,whichdecidedwhethertodealwiththeaffairsontheirownorinformstateauthorities.Theresearchersanalyzedthesameforest-losssatellitedatafromthegiventimeperiodinall76communities.Theyfoundtheprogramreducedforestlossby8.4hectares(公頃)inthefirstyear—a52percentreductioncomparedwiththeaveragelossinthecontrolcommunities,saysTaraSlough,aneconomistatNewYorkUniversity.“Thisreductionindeforestationwasconcentratedincommunitiesfacingthelargestthreatofforestloss，”sheadds.Resultsfortheprogramwerelessstrikinginitssecondyear,whenforestlosswasreducedbyonly3.3hectarescomparedwiththatincontrolcommunities.TheresearchersexplainthataPeruviangovernmentcampaignagainstcocaplantingthatyearmayhavediscourageddeforestationinbothexperimentalandcontrolcommunities,narrowingdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsintheprogram.ExpertssaythisapproachtodealingwithAmazoniandeforestationlookspromising.Localgroupsmaycontinuetheworktheystartedintheprogram.“Wewanttoapplythisinothercommunities.Indoingso,wearemakingacontributiontotheworld，”wroteFrancisco,acommunitymemberinvolvedintheresearch.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個新的項目，通過智能手機應(yīng)用程序上的早期警報系統(tǒng)，監(jiān)視森林、檢查森林并記錄破壞情況，用這種方法減緩對亞馬遜雨林的破壞。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewprogram?A．Itappliestoalltheforests.B．Itadoptsmultipletechnologies.C．Itinvolvesnohumanparticipation.D．Itsolvestheproblembeforehand.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Arecentstudyshows...offorestselsewhere.”可知，這個新項目將地面監(jiān)測與衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)和智能手機技術(shù)相結(jié)合，采用了多種技術(shù)。故選B項。2．Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingthedata.B．Bysurveyingthemonitors.C．Byobservingthearea.D．Byinvestigatingthedamage.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersanalyzed...atNewYorkUniversity.”可知，研究人員是通過分析衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)進行這項研究的，該項目在第一年將森林損失減少了8.4公頃。故選A項。3．Whatdotheresearchersthinkoftheeffectoftheprogram?A．Stable. B．Positive.C．Unconvincing. D．Discouraging.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersanalyzed...atNewYorkUniversity.”和最后一段“Expertssaythisapproach...startedintheprogram.”可知，研究人員分析了衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)顯示，這個項目在第一年將森林損失減少了8.4公頃，與被控制社區(qū)的平均損失相比減少了52%，并且專家也認為這種處理亞馬遜森林砍伐的方法看起來很有希望，由此可知，研究人員認為該項目的效果是積極樂觀的。故選B項。4．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AmazonProtectingtheRainforestB．ExpertsTestingEarly-alertSystemC．CommunitiesDealingWithDeforestationD．SmartphoneWatchingOvertheForest解析：選D標題歸納題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第二段“Thescientistscooperatedwith76...documentdamage.”可知，本文主要介紹了一個新的項目，將地面監(jiān)測與衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)和智能手機技術(shù)相結(jié)合，通過智能手機應(yīng)用程序上的早期警報系統(tǒng)，監(jiān)視森林、檢查森林并記錄破壞情況，用這種方法減緩對亞馬遜雨林的破壞。故選D項。BTheAntarctic'ssnow-whiteenvironmentisgoinggreenandfacingotherunexpectedthreats.Scientistssaythatastemperaturesgoupinthepolarareas,invading(侵襲)plantsandinsects,includingtheflies,causeamajorthreat.Moreandmoreoftheseinvaders,intheformoflarvae(幼蟲)orseeds，aresurvivingincoastalareasaroundtheSouthPole,wherethetemperaturehasrisenbyalmost3℃overthepastfivedecades.Glaciershavemelted,exposingmorelandwhichhasbeenoccupiedbymossesthathavebeenfoundtobegrowingmorequicklyandthicklythaneverbefore—providingpotentialgreenhomesforinvaders.“ThecommonhousefliesareaperfectexampleoftheproblemtheAntarcticnowfacesfrominvadingspecies，”saidDominicHodgsonoftheBritishAntarcticSurvey.“Theyarrivebyship,wheretheyexistinkitchens.TheynowhaveanincreasingchanceofsurvivingintheAntarcticasitwarmsup,andthatisaworry.Insectslikethehousefliescarrybacteriathatcouldhaveadeadlyeffectonnativelifeforms.”TheAntarctichasseveralnativespeciesofinsects.Togetherwithitsnativemosses,thesearenowunderincreasedthreatfromthreemajorsources:visitingscientists,increasingnumberoftouristsandglobalwarming.However,itisglobalwarmingthatisthemaindriverofthe“greening”oftheAntarctic.Inthe2015－2016travelseason,morethan38,000touristsvisitedtheAntarctic.“Thesetouristsareoftenverycarefulaboutnotleavingwaste.ButtheycouldcarryseedsorlarvaeontheirbootswhentheysetfootontheAntarctic，”saidDominic.MoreandmoreinvadinginsectsandplantshavebeenfoundontheAntarcticandhaverequiredremoval.“TheinsectsandplantsthatarenativetotheAntarctichavesurvivedthereforthousandsofyears，”saidDominic.“Wehavetoactnowifwewanttosavetheenvironment.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是由于全球氣溫上升等原因，各種各樣的威脅正置南極地區(qū)于危險之中。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mosses”inParagraph3referto?A．Houseflies. B．Coastalareas.C．Akindofplants. D．Akindofanimals.解析：選C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句，特別是其后的定語從句“thathavebeenfound...forinvaders”可知，畫線詞指的是一種植物。6．WhatdoweknowaboutthehousefliesintheAntarctic?A．TheyarenativetotheAntarctic.B．Theywilldieoutbecauseofthefreezingweather.C．TheycometotheAntarcticfromnearbyislandsontheirown.D．TheycouldseverelyinfluencethenativespeciesoftheAntarctic.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，南極地區(qū)的家蠅所攜帶的細菌會嚴重影響當?shù)氐奈锓N。7．WhatisthemaincauseoftheAntarcticgoinggreen?A．Thearrivalofscientists.B．Theincreasingnumberofvisitors.C．Therapidspreadofnativeplants.D．Therisingtemperaturearoundtheworld.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句可知，南極地區(qū)變綠的主要原因是全球氣候變暖。8．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheAntarcticIsBecomingGreenandEnergeticB．VariousThreatsArePuttingtheAntarcticatRiskC．MoreandMoreScientistsGettoExploretheAntarcticD．GlobalWarmingCausestheTemperatureintheAntarctictoGoUp解析：選B標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文講述的是各種各樣的威脅正置南極地區(qū)于危險之中。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五KeepingcuriouskidsfromdisruptingwildlifeInteractingwiththewild,naturallycuriouskidstendtocollectseashellsatthebeachorkeepsmallwildlifeaspets.__9__Sohowtohelpkidsprotectthewildwhileenjoyingspendingtimeoutside?Herearealternativesforsomeofthemostcommonoutdoorbehaviourno-nos.Takeaninterest,notthings.Kidsshowinterestinpickingflowers,rocks,orshellsoutdoors.They'repartofwildlife'shabitatandplayanimportantrole.__10__Letkidsexplorewithamagnifyingglass(放大鏡)insteadoftheircuriousfingers.Letwhatevertheyfindoutsidestayoutside.__11__Itseemsafunideatothrowpiecesofbreadtoducks.Animalshaveuniquedietaryneedsthataredifferentfromhumans'.Eatinghumanfoodcanmakethemsickorbecomedependentonhumanfood.Bearsareanexampleofanimalsthatoftenhavetobekilledafterdevelopingatasteforhumanfood.Admireanimalafar,notdisruptnearby.Theurgetotakeaphotowithasquirrel,bird,orslow-movingturtlecanbestrongforkids.__12__Instead,remindkidstostayawayandshowthemhowtouseacamera'szoombutton,orjustadmirewiththeireyes.Takewell-wornpaths,notoff-roadromps(嬉戲)．Kickingpilesofleaves,steppingonbushes,andwalkingthroughforestedareascanunintentionallyscarewildlife.Ifsurprisedanimalsdefendtheirhomes,everyonecouldgethurt.Nobodylikeshavingaguestcomeinanddestroytheirhomeandactrudely.__13__A．Keepsnacksawayfromanimals.B．Sharefoodifanimalsarehungry.C．Exposuretothemdevelopskids'loveandcuriosity.D．Thesameruleappliestovisitingwildlifeintheirhomes.E．Animalsrelyonplantsforhiding;rocksandshells,forhomes.F．Approachinganimalsdisruptswhattheydoforsurvival,suchaseating.G．Despiteinnocentpurposes,kids'curiosityaccidentallydamagesthewild.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了怎樣幫助孩子們在享受戶外時光的同時保護自然環(huán)境。9．選G空前一句“與野生動物互動，生性好奇的孩子傾向于在海灘收集貝殼或養(yǎng)小型野生動物作為寵物?！闭f明孩子們喜歡與野生動物互動，選項G承接上文。選項中curiosity和上文中的curious一致。10．選E根據(jù)空前兩句“孩子們對在戶外采摘花朵、撿巖石或貝殼表現(xiàn)出興趣。它們是野生動物棲息地的一部分，起著重要的作用。”可知，選項E承接上文，具體說明這些東西的作用。11．選A下文提到動物有著與人類不同的獨特的飲食需求。吃人類的食物會使他們生病或變得依賴人類的食物。這說明向動物投送零食是不正確的行為，選項A概括本段主題，文意通順，符合邏輯。12．選F本段首句“遠遠地觀看動物，不要靠近打擾。”說明本段主題是不要靠近動物，選項F符合本段主題。13．選D空前一句“沒有人喜歡有客人闖進來，破壞他們的家園，行為粗魯?！边x項D說明同樣的規(guī)則也適用于野生動物。上下文語義通順，邏輯合理。Ⅲ.完形填空Shelookedupatmesadly,herpainbeingunbearablyobvious.I__14__herassheswamsilentlyaroundthesmallpool.Thetopleftcornerofheryellowshellwas__15__，andherflippers(鰭狀肢)werefilledwithcutsandscars.These__16__creatureslookedasthoughtheywerewarheroeswoundedinbattle,buttheywerejustagroupofinnocentseaturtlesinjuredby__17__humans.Earlierthatday,ourstudentslearnedthoseendangeredseaturtleswerebeing__18__allthetime__19__waterpollution,litter,andcarelessboatersandfishermen.Weweretaughthowto__20__thedeathsandinjuriesofthisspeciesandconserveouroceanlifeandenvironment.Ihadbeenconsciousofthedamageourenvironmentwassuffering__21__Ihadnevertrulybeengiventheopportunityto__22__thedevastating(毀滅性的)effectsofenvironmentaldestructionuntilIobservedthat__23__.Seeingapictureoftheseanimalscannottrulysensethe__24__ontheirfaces.NowthatIhavewitnessedthe__25__causedbythepollutionandpeople'scarelessness,Itrytoencouragemyfriendsto__26__theireatinghabit,whichcan__27__ourenvironment.Weneedtostartsavingourenvironmentnow__28__it'stoolate.eq\x(語篇解讀：作者從一只受傷的小海龜說起，鼓勵同伴們改變飲食習(xí)慣來保護環(huán)境。)14．A.recognized B．introducedC．watched D．satisfied解析：選C根據(jù)語境，“我”看著她，她靜靜地在小池塘里游著。watch意為“觀察；觀看”，符合題意。15．A.strange B．missingC．shining D．complex解析：選B根據(jù)下文可知，這是只受傷的海龜。此處應(yīng)該是指左上部的黃色外殼不見(missing)了。16．A.troublesome B．rareC．ugly D．unfortunate解析：選D根據(jù)上文語境可知，這些受傷的生物是不幸的(unfortunate)。17．A.skilful B．stubbornC．intelligent D．careless解析：選D根據(jù)第三段中的“carelessboatersandfishermen”可知，這是一群無辜的海龜，被粗心的(careless)人類傷害。18．A.studied B．discoveredC．killed D．displayed解析：選C這些瀕臨滅絕的海龜因為(becauseof)水污染、亂丟垃圾、粗心大意的漁船和漁民而被殺(killed)。19．A.becauseof B．incaseofC．inspiteof D．a(chǎn)partfrom解析：選A參見上題解析。20．A.report B．lessenC．escape D．prove解析：選B根據(jù)常識