2023年研究生類研究生入學考試專業(yè)課英語專業(yè)英美文學2010-2022歷年真題選編帶答案難題含解析

2023年研究生類研究生入學考試專業(yè)課英語專業(yè)英美文學2010-2022歷年真題選編帶答案難題含解析（圖片大小可自由調整）第1卷一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共75題)1.HowmanyseatsdoestheSenateoftheCongressoftheUnitesStateshave?______A.100.B.345.C.435.D.534.2.TheRedBadgeofCourage3.BeforeWorldwarⅡ,mostfamilywere______.4.Comprehensiveschools5.WhichofWilliamFaulkner'sworksimpressesyoumost?Why?6.LordofFlies7.Collage8.TheoriginalnativesofAustraliaare______.9.Imagism10.______introducedtheElizabethanageinhismasterpieceTheFaerieQueen,whichwasanodetoQueenElizabeth.A.EdmundSpenserB.WilliamShakespeareC.JohnMiltonD.ThomasGray11.Identifytheauthorofthefollowingquotation;______.

Thepuffofacoatimprisoning;

Afacekissingthewater-death

Awearyslowswayofalosthand

Andthesea,themovingsea,thesea.

Goodiscold.A.LangstonHughesB.EmilyDickinsonC.H.D.D.HuckFinn12.Maoritanga13.ShakespearewasamanofthelateRenaissancewhogavethefullestexpressionto______ideals.Hewasbornanddiedat______.14.OldEnglishwasfirstwritteninthe______alphabet.15.ShadowCabinet16.Whatisamarketeconomy?WhatroledoesAmericangovernmentplayinthedevelopmentofeconomy?17.DanglingMan18.WhatisWakefieldScheme?19.Americaneconomyisnowthelargestintheworld,producingroughly______ofthetotalworldoutput,whilecontainingonlyabout______ofthetotalworldpopulation.20.AnalyzeBritain'sattitudestowardsEuropeanUnionaftertheWar.21.ComparetheattitudestowardwomenoftwomalecharactersfromanytextsinSelectedReadingsinBritishLiteratureorSelectedReadingsinAmericanLiterature.Sufficienttextualinformationisrequiredtoillustrateyourviewpoints.22.WhataretheseparatethreestylesofAmericanPopularMusicsince1900tothe1950s?23.TheauthorofDeathofaTravelingSalesmanis______.A.EudoraWeltyB.ArthurMillerC.TennesseeWilliamsD.CarsonMcCullers24.TristramShandy25.WhichofthefollowingisnotafunctionofParliament?______A.Passinglaws.B.Supervisingthegovernment'sadministration.C.Receivingpetitionsfromcitizens.D.Formingagovernment.26.WhatarethemoststrikingfeaturesofHemingway'swritingstyle?27.WhatarethethreemainfactorsthatinfluenceCanadianeconomy?Pleasestatetheirinfluencerespectively.28.Theprairiesareflatandfeaturelessandhaveaharsh______climate.29.LyricalBallads30.TherearefivegradesofEnglishpeers(noblemen).Fromthehighesttothelowest,theyare______,______,earl,______and______.31.InAmerica,by1999about______ofwomenarereportedasemployed;today(in2010)thefigureisalmostA.30%;60%B.40%;60%C.50%;75%D.60%;75%32.ExchangeofpulpitsinAmericanchurchesindicatesthat______.A.thereisverylittleconcentrationondoctrineorreligiousargumentB.AmericanpeopleareeasilychangingtheirreligiousbeliefC.thereisheateddebateandargumentgoingonindifferentchurchesD.churchesandreligiousdenominationsareongoodterms33.Thebirthratehadjumpedbythelate1950s,thetimeofwhichinAmericaknownasthe______.34.Ofthefollowingworks,whichisnotwrittenbyJohnMilton?A.ParadiseLostB.MyAntoniaC.ParadiseRegainedD.SamsonAgonistes35.Nationalization36.WhenuniversaleducationwasimposedontheSouthernStates,whiteandblackchildrenlegallywenttodifferentschoolswhichwere"______".In1954theUSSupremeCourtoverturnedtheunfairdoctrine,dramaticallychangingthe______patternsofmodernUSeducation.37.ParadiseLost38.Buddhism,IslamandHinduismwerethenon-Christianreligions.TherewasasignificanceproportionalincreasewhenAustraliabecameamulti-culturalsocietyinthe______.39.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby______onthenominationof______.40.MyLastDuchess41.PleasegivethenamesofthetwoimportantfiguresinNewZealand'scolonialhistory.42.Britainisacountrywithahistoryofinvasions.In43ADBritainwasinvadedby______,inthelate8thcenturytheyexperienced______raidsfromScandinaviaandinthelate11thcenturytheysufferedinvasionsfrom______.43.Inordertostimulatethedevelopmentof"value-added"industries,Canadaengagedin______.44.WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsoftheProtestantsect?45.______areofficialsworkingingovernmentdepartmentsandministrieswhoseappointmentsareindependentofthepoliticalprocess.46.Author______Title______

ForhavinglivedinWestminster—howmanyyearsnow?overtwenty—onefeelseveninthemidstofthetraffic,orwakingatnight,Clarissawaspositive,aparticularhusk,orsolemnity;anindescribablepause;asuspense(butthatmightbeherheart,affected,theysaid,byinfluenza)beforeBigBenstrikes.There!Outitboomed.Firstawarning,musical;thenthehour,irrevocable.Theleadencirclesdissolvedintheair.Suchfoolsweare,shethought,crossingVictoriaStreet.47.ThelargeststateinAmericaintermsofareais______andthelargeststateintermsofpopulationis______.48.Watergatescandal49.WhatwerethethreeareasofpolicyofMulticulturalismin1989?50.TheChurchofEngland,alsocalledthe______Church,isoneofthemany"Protestant"sectswhichbrokeawayfromthemoreancientandmore______RomanCatholicChurchduringtheReligious______.Itstemporalheadisthe______,andtwenty-sixofitshighestpriestssitintheHouseofLords.51.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutRobinsonCrusoe?A.Itiswrittenintheautobiographicalform.B.ItisarecordofDefoe'sownexperience.C.Robinsonspends28yearsofisolatedlifeontheisland.D.Itissetinthemiddleofthe17thcentury.52.WhowasthefirstUSPresidentresignedfromoffice?______A.AndrewJohnson.B.GeraldFord.C.RichardNixon.D.JimmyCarter.53.WhichofthefollowingworkisNOTwrittenbyJohnMilton?A.ParadiseLostB.ParadiseRegainedC.JuliusCaesarD.SamsonAgonistes54.Avant-garde.55.About______ofthepopulationlivewithinafewhundredkilometersoftheCanadian-Americanborder.A.50%B.60%C.70%D.90%56.______isthemostenduringreligioninAustraliatoday.57.WhatimpactdidcolonizationhaveontheindigenouspeopleofAustralia?58.ThecapitalofScotlandis______,whichiswellknownforitsnatural______.59.TheSchoolforScandal60.GothicRomance61.WhatarethecausesoftheNorthernIrelandissue.'?IsNorthernIrelandAssemblyasatisfactorysolution?62.ThomasPynchonhascreatedTheCryingofLot49,Gravity'sRainbow,and______.A.TheNakedlunchB.V.C.OntheRoadD.Lolita63.IntheUnitedStates,______isaleadingcommercialcropintheSouth.A.cottonB.tobaccoC.peanutD.apple64."HemingwayHeroes"65.InwhichofthefollowingperiodsoftheEnglishlanguagedidWilliamShakespearewrite?A.OldEnglish.B.MiddleEnglish.C.LateMiddleEnglish.D.ModemEnglish.66.TheWaves67.TheCantosconsistsof______poems.A.108B.110C.117D.11868.TheprincipalauthorofDeclarationofIndependencewas______.A.JohnAdamsB.BenjaminFranklinC.ThomasPainD.ThomasJefferson69.TheHadrian'sWall70.DuetoCanada'smilitaryvulnerability,Canadianpolicy-makershavehadagreatinterestinpromoting______and______amongnations,withCanadaplayinganactiveroleininternationalorganizationssuchasthe______,the______andLaFrancophonie.71.WilliamBlake72.WhatisthesignificanceofTheSenecaFallsDeclaration?73.Anglicanismisoneofthemanyformsof______.A.ChristianityB.ProtestantismC.CatholicismD.Presbyterianism74.JohnBunyan75.Orlando第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：A[解析]國會是美國立法機構，由眾議院和參議院組成；其中眾議院共有435個席位，而參議院共有100個席位。2.參考答案：ItisanovelwrittenbyStephenCrane.3.參考答案：patriarchal[解析]二戰(zhàn)前，大多數(shù)家庭都是父權制的。4.參考答案：Comprehensiveschoolsarethemostpopularsecondaryschoolsintoday'sBritain.Insuchschools,allstudents,regardlessofability,areprovidedwithageneraleducation.Atfirst,theycanstudyawidevarietyofsubjectsfromacademiconestopracticalones.Aftertwoorthreeyearstheymaystudyonlythesubjectsthattheylikebest.Nowadays,anynewideasineducationarebeingtriedout,andcomprehensiveschoolsvarywidelyinBritain.5.參考答案：LightinAugustimpressesmemost,foritisanexplorationofracialconflictinthesocietyoftheSouthernUnitedStates.Christmas'racialidentity(orlackthereof)isonlyapartofalargerthemeofidentity.ToChristmas,hisNegroblood,asdefinedbythebehaviorofotherstowardhim,representsasortoforiginalsinwhichhastaintedhisbodyandactionssincebirth.Blacknessisconnectedwithabyss-likeimageryandasortofimpurityandseparatenessfromGod.ThisisespeciallytroublesomefortheEuropean-appearingChristmas,whohasnoactualconfirmationofhisAfricanlineage.Christmasliveshislifealwaysontheroad,runningfromwhitesocietieswhichhebelieveshedoesnotbelongin.Hehatestheseseeminglypuresocietiesduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthedepthsofhisirremovabledamnation.Hissupposedracialidentityseemstobeasecretthatheabhorsaswellascherishes;heoftenwillinglytellspeoplethatheisblack,asheseemstoenjoytheirastonished,pitying,orhate-filledreactions.[解析]本題考查福克納的小說，考生可以從他的小說中任選其一進行作答。6.參考答案：AnovelwrittenbyWilliamGolding.7.參考答案：Collageisaworkassembledwhollyorpartlyfromfragmentsofotherwritings,incorporatingallusions,quotationsandforeignphrases.Originallyappliedtopaintingswithpasted-onelements,thetermhasbeenextendedtoanimportantkindofmodernistpoetryofwiththemostsignificantexamplesaretheCantosofEzraPoundandT.S.Eliot'sTheWasteLand.8.參考答案：theAborigines[解析]澳大利亞的本土居民是土著人。9.參考答案：ImagismisaliterarymovementlaunchedbyBritishandAmericanpoetsearlyinthe20thcenturythatadvocatedtheuseoffreeverse,commonspeechpatterns,andclearconcreteimagesasareactiontoVictoriansentimentalism.Poundisconsideredtobetheleadpoetofthetime.10.參考答案：A[解析]《仙后》是英國詩人埃德蒙·斯賓塞于1509年出版的史詩，詩中的形象具有象征意義，仙后格羅麗婭娜意為“榮耀”，象征伊麗莎白女王。11.參考答案：D[解析]斯蒂芬·克萊恩(StephenCrane)，1871-1900，美國著名文學家。在他短暫一生中，創(chuàng)作了許多優(yōu)秀著作，其中長篇小說《紅色的英勇標志》(TheRedBadgeofCourage，1895)奠定了他在美國文壇上不可動搖的地位?？巳R思同時也是一位詩人，曾發(fā)表過《黑騎者》(TheBlackRiders，1895)和《戰(zhàn)爭是仁慈的》(TheWarisKind，1899)兩部詩集。他的詩寫法自由，不顧傳統(tǒng)的音節(jié)和韻律，風格樸質簡潔，常常通過寓言式的意緣揭示生活的某個真理。12.參考答案：MaoritangaistheMaoriwordfor"Maoriculture".ItreferstoalltheelementsoftherichculturalheritageoftheindigenouspeopleinNewZealand,includingtheirlanguage,customsandtraditions.13.參考答案：humanist；Stratford-upon-Avon[解析]莎士比亞是文藝復興后期的戲劇家和詩人，他在作品中充分表達了人文主義的思想。他出生和逝世于埃文河畔斯特拉福。14.參考答案：Roman[解析]古英語最初是用羅馬字母書寫的。15.參考答案：ShadowCabinetisthefrontbenchoftheofficialparliamentaryoppositionparty.ItistheShadowCabinet'sresponsibilitytopasscriticismonthecurrentgovernmentanditsrespectivelegislation,aswellasofferingalternativepolicies.Itseekstopresentitselfasanalternativegovernmentforthenextgeneralelection.ALabourshadowcabinetwouldbebasedonmemberselectedbytheparliamentaryLabourParty,whilstaConservativeshadowcabinetisappointedbythepartyleader.16.參考答案：Inamarketeconomy,thelawofsupplyanddemandgenerallyregulatesprices,wages,theallocationofgoodsandservices,andtheemploymentofresources.Thiseconomicsystemhastheadvantagethatdecisionsaremadefreefromcentralcontrolandareinresponsetotheexpressedwishesofconsumers.Thedesireofconsumersforagivenproductwillinducebusinessfirmstoproducetheproduct,solongasitcanbringaprofit.IntheUnitedStates,acompetitivemarketeconomyisoperated.

However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthefederalgovernmentdoesn'tholdanyresponsibilityoftheeconomicactivities.AmericangovernmenthasalwaysbeenplayingakeyroleinthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.Itregulatesbusinessaffairsandensuresfaircompetitionthroughitspowerofmacro-regulation.Italsohelpsachieveitseconomicgoalsbyusingitsbudget.Besides,thegovernmentregulatesbusinessesaffectedwithpublicinterestthroughitsgrantedpower.Onthewhole,thegovernmentplayedanimportantroleinpromotingeconomicdevelopmentandimprovingthegeneralwelfareofAmericans.ThoughtheUSnowhasa"freemarket"system,theinvolvementofthefederalgovernmentis"indispensable.17.參考答案：ItisanovelwrittenbySaulBellow.18.參考答案：WakefieldSchemewasdevisedbyEdwardWakefield,aconvictandtheoristoncolonization,tosolvetheproblemoflaborshortageincolonialAustralia.HisproposalonthedevelopmentofcolonialAustraliawasthatlandshouldnotbefreelyandcheaplyavailable.Itshouldbesoldatsufficientpricetoensurethatonlymenofcapitalcouldaffordit.ThemoneyearnedfromsellinglandshouldbeusedtoassistselectedfreemigrationtoAustralia.19.參考答案：25%；5%[解析]美國經(jīng)濟目前位于世界首位，占世界總生產(chǎn)量的25%，而人口只占世界人口的5%。20.參考答案：Ingeneral,Britain'sattitudestowardsEuropeanUnionchangedfromisolationtointegration.

(1)AtfirstBritainwishedtoremainindependentwhenEuropebeganaprocessofreducingnationaldifferencesandofunionintoonecommunityaftertheWar.(2)Butwithhermajorally,theUnitedStates,abandoningherduringtheSuezcrisisin1957,sheturnedtotheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)in1962.ThoughfirstlyrejectedasconsideredtooindependentbytheFrenchleader,CharlesDeGaulle,BritainjoinedtheEECin1973afterDeGaulle'sdeath.(3)Onthewhole,theBritishviewtowardstheirmembershippositivelyalthoughthechangesfromtheoldBritishsystemofmoney,adoptionofthemetricsystemandtheEEC'srestrictiveagriculturalpoliciescauseddiscontent.(4)AstheEECmovesfurthertowardanation-stateofEuropewithacommoncurrencyandgovernment,tensionscanbeexpectedtoincreasefortheBritishresistfurthererosionofnationalindependence.21.參考答案：InAWomanonaRoof,Tom'sattitudetowardsfemaleisquiteambigious.Wrestlingwithhissexualdesire,Tomismostlyinteriorandsecretiveinhisreactions.Uponnoticingthesunbather,hegrinsexcitedly,creatingdetailedfantasiesaboutheraffection.Hewantstoshowdetachmentfromothersbutdefendsherstronglyfromtheviciouscriticismofhiscompanions.Unfortunately,Tomviewshimselfasanoutsider,peeringintothewoman'sintimatespacebuthefeelstooinsecuretogocloseandtalktoherinreallife,justasshehasnoideaaboutwhatisgoingoninhishead.

InRobertBrowning'sMyLastDuchess,theduke'attitudetowardshisloverisnothingbutpossessionthatmakesthemenfeelcompletenotlove—"Igavecommands."Themaninthepoemappearstobeinsecureandpossessive.Heisunabletodealwithhisfeelingsrealisticallyorproperly.Thedukedisregardsthewomen'sfeelingsandphysicalwellbeinginfavorofhisownselfishlove[解析]本題要求考生比較英美文學作品中男性主人公對女性的態(tài)度，并加以例證。注意這里所要求的參考書目。這里選取的是多麗絲·萊辛的小說《屋頂麗人》和勃朗寧的《我已故的公爵夫人》。22.參考答案：From1900tothe1950s,Americapopularmusicwasdividedintothreeseparatestyles,eachhasitsownperformers,musicalcontent,andaudience.

Thefirststylewascalled"pop",anditservedmostAmericans.Popsongscamefrommovies,Broadwaymusicals,andpopcomposers.Thesongsweremainlysimplemelodieswhoselyricswereaboutlove.Theywereplayedbybandsindancehalls,restaurants,nightclubs,andonradio.

Thesecondstyle,"rhythm-and-blues,"camefromthebluessungbyblackperformersalongwiththefastdancemusicthathadgrownoutofragtimeandboogie-woogie.ItwasthepopularmusicoftheAfrican-Americans,playedandsungintavernsandclubsorlistenedtoonrecordsinjukeboxes.Twoofthemostpopularrhythm-and-bluesperformsofthe1940sandearly1950swereChuckBerryandB.B.King.

Thethirdstyleisnowcalled"country-and-western,"butbeforeWorldWarⅡ,itwasoftencalled"hillbilly"music.ItincludesthecommercializedfolkmusicoftheruralSouthandthecowboymusicoftheSouthwest.ThemaincenterofthemusichasalwaysbeenNashville,Tennessee.Itisperformedlargelybysoloistsaccompaniedbyguitarandsometimesbyhornsandarhythmsection.Thepopularsingersofthe1950sincludedHankWilliamsandJohnnyCash.23.參考答案：A[解析]尤多拉·韋爾蒂(EudoraWelty)，1909-2001，美國著名女作家?！堆不赝其N員之死》(DeathofaTravelingSalesman，1936)是她的作品。

田納西·威廉姆斯(TennesseeWilliams)，1911-1983，20世紀美國最重要的劇作家之一。他于1948年及1955年分別以他的《欲望街車》(AStreetcarNamedDesire)及《熱鐵皮屋頂上的貓》(CatonAHotTimRoof)贏得普利策戲劇獎。除此之外，《玻璃動物園》(TheGlassMenagerie)在1945年以及《大蜥蜴之夜》(TheNightoftheIguana)在1961年拿下紐約戲劇評論獎(NewYorkDramaCritics'CircleAward)。1952年他的《玫瑰刺青》(TheRoseTattoo)獲得東尼獎最佳戲劇的殊榮。24.參考答案：AnovelwrittenbyLaurenceSterne.25.參考答案：D[解析]議會的職能包括：通過法律、監(jiān)督政府以及接收公民的申訴狀，不包括組成政府。D項為正確選項。26.參考答案：Hemingway'swritingstylecanbesummarizedinhis"theoryofomission".Hemingwayoutlinedhis"theoryofomission"or"icebergprinciple."Hestates:"Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabouthemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofmovementoftheicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.Thewriterwhoomitsthingsbecausehedoesnotknowthemonlymakeshollowplacesinhiswriting."[解析]海明威的寫作風格主要體現(xiàn)在他的“冰山理論”之證，考生可以從這個方面進行作答。27.參考答案：ThethreemainfactorsthatinfluenceCanadianeconomyincludeCanada'sgeographyandpopulation,itsneighbortheUnitedStatesandtheinterventionoftheFederalgovernment.①TheeconomyisinfluencedbyCanada'sphysicalgeography,whichisrichinnaturalresources.Thehugesizeandsmallpopulationhasmadeextractingandtransportinggoodstomarketsdifficult.②Thesecondinfluenceisitsneighbor,theUnitedStates,whichhasamuchmorepowerfuleconomyandalargermarket.AsmostCanadiansliveclosetotheCan-Amborder,tradehasnaturallydevelopedacrosstheborder,ratherthanbetweenprovincesandregions.③Thethirdinfluenceisgovernmentinterventionism:federalgovernmentshaveconstantlyintervenedinthedevelopmentofthecountry'sresourcesandinfrastructure,ratherthanallowingmarketforcestoplayarole.28.參考答案：continental[解析]該地區(qū)平坦而無特色，具有嚴酷的大陸性氣候。29.參考答案：AcollectionofpoemswrittenbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge.30.參考答案：duke；marquis；viscount；baron[解析]英國貴族分為公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵、男爵五個等級。31.參考答案：D[解析]到1999年，據(jù)報道已經(jīng)有60%的婦女在工作，到2010年則有75%的婦女在工作。32.參考答案：A[解析]美國是一個重視宗教自由的國家，宗教信仰具有很大的多樣性。實際上，美國許多宗教教派在信仰上的差異已越來越模糊，而各個教派并不在乎這一點，而且還有牧師交換講壇的活動。33.參考答案：“babyboom”[解析]這個時期的出生率上漲，被稱為“嬰兒潮”時期。34.參考答案：B[解析]《我的安東尼婭》(MyAntonia)是美國現(xiàn)代女作家薇拉·凱瑟(WillaCather)以內布拉斯加大草原為背景的一系列拓荒小說中最成熟的一部。小說一共五章，由敘述者吉姆·伯登(JimBurden)的回憶構成。安東尼婭是吉姆童年的伙伴，她的家人從波西米亞漂洋過海來到內布拉斯加草原拓荒，父親因不適應邊疆艱苦生活而自殺，年少的安東尼婭勇敢地承擔起生活的重任，像個男子漢一樣在田地干活，后來到黑鷹鎮(zhèn)幫工，期間被誘騙懷孕，遭到情人的遺棄。面對各種困境和厄運，安東尼婭沒有喪失生活的信心，她重新回到草原生活，堅強地克服一個又一個難關，終于在大草原上建立起一個令她自豪的家，養(yǎng)育了一群健康可愛的孩子。35.參考答案：NationalizationreferredtoanextensiveprogramcarriedoutbytheLaborpartywhocameintopowerinthegeneralelectionofJuly1945.Thegovernmentreachedsuchimportantachievementsasthenationalizationofthehospitals,oftheBankofEnglandandofmanyindustriesincludingcoalin1946,electricityin1947andtherailwaysin1948.Theprogramplayedasignificantroleinthecountry'seconomicrecoveryfromthecrisiscausedbytheSecondWorldWar.However,inBritain'smixedeconomy,nationalizedindustriesaccountforjusttenpercentoftheGrossNationalProduct,eightpercentofallemployeesandyetalmosttwentypercentoftotalindustrialinvestment.36.參考答案：separatebutequal；racial[解析]過去黑人和白人小孩上學去的是不同的學校，直到1954年，美國最高法院推翻了這一不公平的體制，徹底改變了現(xiàn)代美國教育的種族分離模式。37.參考答案：AnepicpoemwrittenbyJohnMilton.38.參考答案：1970s[解析]19世紀中期，在澳大利亞的佛教，伊斯蘭教和印度教有小幅度的發(fā)展，20世紀初由于種族歧視而有所減少，20世紀70年代澳大利亞變?yōu)槎嘣幕?，信仰這些宗教的人數(shù)比例有了顯著的增長。39.參考答案：thePresident；theParliament[解析]愛爾蘭總理是通過議會提名并由總統(tǒng)任命產(chǎn)生的。40.參考答案：ItisapoemwrittenbyRobertBrowninginthe19thcentury.41.參考答案：AbelTasman；JamesCook[解析]荷蘭人AbelTasman在1642年登上新西蘭，將這片土地命名為StatenLand。1769年，英國人JamesCook到達新西蘭，同當?shù)赝林诉_成交易，宣布這片土地歸英國所有。42.參考答案：theRomanempire；Vikings；theNormans[解析]公元43年至公元410年，羅馬入侵英國，英國淪為羅馬的一個省。8世紀末，北歐海盜不斷騷擾英國。1066年，英國又遭受了諾曼人的入侵。43.參考答案：protectionistpractices[解析]為了刺激“增值”產(chǎn)業(yè)，加拿大采取了貿易保護主義的做法。44.參考答案：ThereareagreatnumberofProtestantsects,suchastheChurchesofChristandtheInternationalConventionofDisciplesofChrist.TheyemphasizethattheBibleisthesourceandnormoftheirteaching.Andtheyexpressvarietyinsteadofdoctrinalschism.45.參考答案："Publicservants"[解析]公務員是指在政府部門工作的官員，對他們的任命不受政治程序的影響。46.參考答案：VirginiaWoolf,Mrs.Dalloway[解析]《黛洛維夫人》(Mrs.Dalloway)是弗吉尼亞·伍爾芙于1925年發(fā)表的意識流小說，描述了女主人公卡拉麗莎(Clarissa)一天的生活，作者尤為詳盡地描述了主人公在黛洛維夫人家中晚會的一言一行。文章節(jié)選片段中出現(xiàn)的人名和地名正是解題的關鍵所在。47.參考答案：Alaska；California[解析]阿拉斯加州位于美國西北太平洋沿岸，是美國面積最大的州；加利福尼亞州位于美國西部，是美國人口最多的州。48.參考答案：TheWatergatescandalwasapoliticalscandalintheUnitedStatesinthe1970s,resultingfromthebreak-inintotheDemocraticNationalCommitteeheadquartersattheWatergateofficecomplexinWashington,D.C.EffectsofthescandalultimatelyledtotheresignationoftheUnitedStatesPresidentRichardNixononAugust9,1974.ItalsoresultedintheindictmentandconvictionofseveralNixonadministrationofficials.49.參考答案：In1989Multiculturalismwasidentifiedascomprisingthreeareasofpolicy:①CulturalIdentity,whichmeanstherighttoexpressandshareone'sculturalheritage;②SocialJustice,therighttoequaltreatmentandopportunity;③EconomicEfficiency,theneedtomaintainanddeveloptheskillsofallAustraliansregardlessoftheirbackgrounds.50.參考答案：Anglican；orthodox；Reformation；KingorQueen[解析]因教皇不同意其離婚的要求，英王亨利八世發(fā)動宗教改革，與羅馬天主教決裂，宣布英國圣公會為國家教會；國王或女王是英國圣公會的世俗領袖。51.參考答案：B[解析]《魯賓遜漂流記》(RobinsonCrusoe)并非作者笛福的親身經(jīng)歷。52.參考答案：C[解析]RichardNixon尼克松，美國第37位總統(tǒng)；1974年，他因“水門事件”被迫辭去總統(tǒng)之職，成為美國歷史上第一個為了躲避國會對其濫用職權進行制裁和定罪而辭職的總統(tǒng)。53.參考答案：C[解析]彌爾頓的代表作為《失樂園》、《復樂園》以及《力士參孫》。

《尤利烏斯·凱撒》(JuliusCaesars)是莎士比亞以羅馬故事為題材的三出戲之一，這部作品寫品格高貴但不切實際的勃魯托斯(AntonyBrutus)，因執(zhí)著于共和主義理想，受人利用，參與了殺害凱撒的陰謀，造成國家與個人的悲劇。勃魯托斯是莎士比亞筆下那種符合人文主義理想的人。有人稱勃魯托斯為“胚胎狀態(tài)中的哈姆萊特”：他們都經(jīng)常動搖在思想與行動之間。勃魯托斯是一個具有承擔重擔素質的人。他意志堅定，頭腦冷靜。構成他行動的最大障礙的是他性格中有過多的善良成分。他想斗爭，而又不希望流血，這就構成了一個無法解決的矛盾。這也是他內心不安與騷動的主要原因。54.參考答案：Avant-gardeisoriginallyaFrenchmilitaryandpoliticaltermforthe"advanceguard",andextendssincethelate19thcenturytothebodyofartistandwriterswhoarededicatedtotheideaofartasexperimentandrevoltagainsttradition.55.參考答案：D[解析]約90%的人口生活在距離加美邊境只有幾百公里的范圍之內。56.參考答案："TheDreaming"or"TheDreamtime"[解析]“夢創(chuàng)信仰”是來自古代的一種信仰體系，正是這種信仰體系把不同部落的土著居民聯(lián)系在了一起?！皦魟?chuàng)信仰”是澳大利亞這片土地上最古老的宗教。57.參考答案：Theindigenouspeopleweredispossessedofthelandtheyhadlivedonfortensofthousandsofgenerations.Theywerekilledinviolentskirmishesandmassacres.Theycontractedthediseasesbroughtbythewhitesettlersandasaresult,theirpopulationfelldrastically.58.參考答案：Edinburgh；beauty[解析]蘇格蘭首府愛丁堡是一個歷史悠久、風景秀麗的文化城市，素有“北方雅典”之稱，還有“歐洲最美麗城市”之譽。59.參考答案：ItisacomedywrittenbyRichardBrinsleySheridaninthe18thcentury.60.參考答案：Gothicromance,typeofnovelthatflourishedinthelate18thandearly19thcenturyinEngland.Gothicromancesweremysteries,ofteninvolvingthesupernaturalandheavilytingedwithhorror,andtheywereusuallysetagainstdarkbackgroundsofmedievalruinsandhauntedcastles.CharlotteBront?'sJaneEyreandDaphneduMaurier'sRebeccaareworksofthekind.61.參考答案：InNorthernIreland,thecausesofconflictsarethedividedloyaltiesandunequalopportunities.TheProtestantsandCatholicshavebeenfightingoneanotheroverreligiousandpoliticaldifferences.TheProtestants,adominantgroup,hopethecountrytocontinuetobepartofBritain,whiletheCatholics,whoareunhappywiththeEnglishrule,hopethecountrytobereunitedwiththeRepublicofIreland.AndtheCatholicsthinkthattheydonotenjoythesamechancesastheProtesta