【美聯(lián)英語】新概念英語-新概念英語四冊(cè)課堂筆記 Lesson56 The Age of Automation

兩分鐘做個(gè)小測(cè)試，看看你的英語水平/test/xiaobai.aspx?tid=16-73675-0新概念英語四冊(cè)課堂筆記Lesson56TheAgeofAutomation美聯(lián)英語提供：新概念英語Lesson56TheAgeofAutomation自動(dòng)化時(shí)代scienceandtechnologyhavecometopervadeeveryaspectofourlivesand,asaresult,societyischangingataspeedwhichisquiteunprecedented.Thereisagreattechnologicalexplosionaroundus,generatedbyscience.Thisexplosionisalreadyfreeingvastnumbersofpeoplefromtheirtraditionalbondagetonature,andnowatlastwehaveitinourpowertofreemankindonceandforallfromthefearwhichisbasedonwant.Now,forthefirsttime,mancanreasonablybegintothinkthatlifecanbesomethingmorethanagrimstruggleforsurvival.Buteventoday,inspiteofthehighstandardoflivingwhichhasbecomegeneralinthemorefortunateWest,themajorityofpeopleintheworldstillspendnearlyalltheirtimeandenergyinanever-endingstrugglewithnaturetosecurethefoodandsheltertheyneed.Eveninthiselementaryeffortmillionsofhumanbeingseachyeardieunnecessarilyandwastefullyfromhunger,disease,orflood.Yet,intheWest,scienceandtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforustohaveaplentifulsupplyoffood,producedbyonlyafractionofthelabourthatwasnecessaryevenafewdecadesago.IntheUnitedStates,forinstance,onemanonthelandproducesmorethanenoughfoodtofeedfifteenmeninthecities,and,infact,thereisasurplusoffoodgrownevenbythissmallproportionoftheAmericanlabourforce.Wehaveconsiderablyextendedourexpectationoflife.Wehaveenrichedourlivesbycreatingphysicalmobilitythroughthemotor-car,thejetaeroplane,andothermeansofmechanicaltransport;andwehaveaddedtoourintellectualmobilitybythetelephone,radio,andtelevision.Notcontentwiththeseadvances,wearenowthrustingforwardtothestars,andtheconquestospacenolongerstrikesusasWellsianorJulesVernian.Andwiththeadventofthenewphaseoftechnologywecallautomation,wehavethepromisebothofgreaterleisureandofevengreatermaterialandintellectualriches.Butthisisnotinevitable.Itdependsonautomationbeingadequatelyexploited.Weshallneedtoapplyourscientificandtechnologicalresourcestoliterallyeveryaspectofoursociety,toourcommerce,ourindustry,ourMedicine,ouragriculture,ourtransportation.Itisfascinatingandencouragingtoobservethedevelopmentofthisimmenseprocess,aprocessinwhichmanappearsallthetimetobeengagedintheactofcreatinganextensionofhimself.Inhisnewtechnologicalsuccessesthisappearsparticularlytrue.Heisextendinghiseyeswithradar;histongueandhisearthroughtelecommunication;hismuscleandbodystructurethroughmechanization.Heextendshisownenergiesbythegenerationandtransmissionofpowerandhisnervoussystemandhisthinkinganddecision-makingfacultiesthroughautomation.Ifthisobservationisaccurate,asIbelieveitis,theimplicationsarefar-reaching.Itmightbereasonabletoconcludethatthedirectionofmodernscienceandtechnologyistowardsthecreationofaseriesofmachine-systemsbasedonmanasamodel.Notesonthetext課文注釋1．Makeaverypoorshow,出丑。2．Istandalone,僅我一人。3．Thelastcreaturetocompetewithman,其中的last有“極不可能”的意思。TheHolyOfficeknewthisfullwellwhenitcausedhereticstobeburnedindaysgoneby.TheHolyOffice是指羅馬天主教的宗教法庭；fullwell中的full是副詞，有very的意思；goneby作days的定語，整個(gè)詞組的意思是“過去的日子”。Musthavebeen表示猜測(cè)，推測(cè)！intheman’adays,phase:perisd,estateIamsurethat…Withour…Iwouldmake….虛擬語氣Makeaverypoorshow出洋相makeafoolofoneself做傻事，出丑makeanexhibitionofoneself當(dāng)中出丑Theownershipofacave一個(gè)洞穴的所有權(quán)Inthisview,Idon’tstandalone;Standalone獨(dú)立，孤立；Iamaloneinthispoint;Stickintheback放冷槍Competitionbetweenourselves人類內(nèi)部的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；personagainstperson人與人之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；Communityagainstcommunity群體與群體之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Thesurvivalofthefittest適者生存\Afixedamountoffood固定量的食物，determined作food的后置定語Thephysicalenvironment客觀環(huán)境Evolution;development進(jìn)化Mentaloutlook世界觀Similarlatitude相近的緯度westcoasts西海岸；Similarclimates相似的氣候California:highlyadvanced高度發(fā)展Morocco:highlybackward;Not…..but…….轉(zhuǎn)折；differentthoughtininhabitants:livers,residentsThemostimportantfactorinourenvironmentisthestateofourownminds.我們的自然環(huán)境中最重要的因素是我們的心態(tài)；Itiswellknownthat….Where引導(dǎo)的從句都可以用if來引導(dǎo)，如Wherethereisawill,thereisaway,Ifthereisawill….Themostdestructiveeffects最具有破壞性的影響westlizationinthisdaysgoneby;inthepastdays;indaystocome;theinsidercan’tseethegame.當(dāng)局者迷lookingon觀望theouterseesmostofthegame.旁觀者清Iwouldliketo…………假設(shè)語氣Imaginetheeffecton………One指societyEffectofmakingitawareofthepossibilityofnuclearbomb;it代表society.Turnupsidedown完全顛倒IhaveoftentriedtoconceiveofwhatthosepagesmightcontainbutofcoursedodobecauseIamaprisonerofthepresent-dayworld,justasallofyouare.符合“”因?yàn)槲覀兩硖庍@個(gè)社會(huì)，就受社會(huì)的制約的思想Beconditionedto(by)被約束outside:beyond超越original創(chuàng)新的ImportantKownledge。。。。whenyouareinsideacommunityyouareconditionedbytheconventionsofthecommunitytosuchadegreethatitisverydifficulttocou=nceiveofanythingreallydestructive.Itisonlysomeonelookingonfromoursidethatcaninjectthedangerousthoughts…2……andthenonlyIweareveryoriginal,建議閱讀：新概念英語Lesson56新概念英語Lesson54關(guān)于林語堂：TheenjoymentofcultureGoodtasteinknowledge知識(shí)方面的品味Thedevelopmentofgoodtasteinkownledge知識(shí)品位的培養(yǎng)Well-read博學(xué)的Parrot鸚鵡學(xué)舌者，agreatmanwhohavethehateandwhohavethe