加拿大英文簡介

Canada...“TrueNorthStrongandFree”UnionJack

RedEnsignMapleLeafRoyalUnionflagfleur-de-lis

St.George'sCross

FirstCanadianFlagsTheCoatofArmsCanada’sCoatofArmswasofficiallyproclaimedonNovember21,1921.

ThepresentCoatofArmswasapprovedin1994.TheGreatSealTheGreatSealofCanadaisusedonallstatedocumentssuchasproclamationsandcommissionsof:cabinetministersSenatorsJudgesseniorgovernmentofficials.ThesealbearstheeffigyofQueenElizabethII,inherrobes,holdingtheorbandscepter,andshowshersittingonthecoronationchair.

Location:Absolute&RelativeGeographicCoordinates:

6000N,9500WCapital:Ottawa US/CanadaBorder: 3,987milesRegions,Provinces,CitiesLandForms/LandscapeTotalArea:9,976,140sqkmLandArea:9,220,970sqkmWaterArea:755,170sqkmLandUseArableLand:5%PermanentCrops:0%Forests&Woodlands:54%Other:38%BackgroundInformation(I)Canada'sculture-influencedbyEuropeancultureandtraditions,especiallyBritishandFrenchAcountrycomposedmainlyofimmigrantsThemesandSymbols:pioneers,trappers,andtradersOfficialsymbols–mapleleaf,beaver,andtheCanadianhorseJacquesViger(firstmayorofMontreal):"thekingofourforest;...thesymboloftheCanadianpeople."LouisXIV:senthorsestoCanada(late17thcentury)inconnectionwithimagesofred-coatedMountiesBackgroundInformation(II)Ethnicgroups:Anglophone28%,Francophone23%,otherEuropean15%,Asian/Arab/African6%,IndigenousAmerindian2%,mixedbackground26%Languages:English,French"Canada"comesfromtheHuronandIroquoisword"Kanata"meaning"village"FirstNations

PeopleofCanadaIn1991,533,000Canadianswereeitherstatusornon-statusIndians.FourpercentofCanadians(overonemillionCanadians)reportAboriginalancestry.However,only626,000individualsidentifythemselvesexclusivelyasmembersofthethreeAboriginalgroupsrecognizedbytheConstitutionAct,1982:NorthAmericanIndian(460,680),Inuit(36,215)orMétis(135,265).Amongthesegroups,171,000peoplestillspeakoneofthemorethan50remainingAboriginallanguages.OntariohadthehighestconcentrationofAboriginalpeoples(243,550)-buttheNorthwestTerritorieshadthehighestproportion:morethan60percentofitspopulationisofAboriginaldescent.Only295,032CanadianAboriginalsliveonreservesorinsettlements.FirstNations

CultureTheAboriginalculturesaretheonlytrulyindigenousculturesofCanada,sinceallotherCanadianswereoriginallyimmigrants.TheybeganmovingtoCanadainthe17thcentury,bringingwiththemtheirmannerofdress,foodpreferencesandcustoms.Canadaopeneditsdoorstoimmigrationfromallovertheworldintheearly20thcentury;in1988,themulticulturalcharacterofthecountrywasofficiallyrecognizedwhentheGovernmentpassedtheMulticulturalismAct.QuickCanadianFactsCanada'sbirthdayisonthefirstofJuly(1867).Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld(9,971,000squarekilometresofland).therearesixtimezones.Canadaisinthetopfiveproducersofnaturalgas,copper,zinc,nickel,aluminum,andgold.Canadahasthefourthlowestpopulationdensityintheworldwithonlythreepeoplepersquarekilometer.Motto-"Fromseatosea”HockeyisthenationalsportofCanada.TheMontrealCanadians(Canadians)Maurice"Rocket"Richard

LandForms/LandscapeCanada’sLandscapeincludesseveralmountainranges,includingtheTorngats,Appalachians,andLaurentiansintheeast;theRocky,Coastal,andMackenzierangesinthewest;andMountSt.EliasandthePellyMountainsinthenorth.At19,550ft,Mt.LoganintheYukonisCanada’stallestpeak.BorealForest,knowninRussiaastheTaigaisoneofthethreemainforestzonesintheworld.Itislocatedinnorthernregionsandcharacterizedbyitspredominanceofconifers.ThereareanestimatedtwomillionlakesinCanada,coveringapproximately7.6%ofitslandarea.ThelargestaretheGreatLakes,whicharesharedbetweentheUSandCanada.OtherlargelakesincludeGreatBearLakeandGreatSlaveLakeintheNWTerritoriesandLakeWinnipeginManitoba.ClimateWhileCanadianWintersareundoubtedlycold,summersarecomparablyhot.Mid-Julyafternoonsmayexceed25degreesCelsius(aboutdegreesFahrenheit)overmuchofthecountry’sinterior.Coastalareas:Fivetoeightdegreescoolerbecauseoftheeffectofseabreezes.TheRockyMountainsdivertcoldarcticairfromtheWestCoastand

funnelsittowardsthePrairies.PacificCoasthasamoderatingeffectofwarmairfromthePacificOcean.AlongtheAtlantic,theeffectoftheoceanairislesspronounced.IntheMountainregions,thealtitudeisthemostinfluentialfactorontemperature.Precipitation:*TheArcticreceivesverylittlerainfallandevenlesssnowfall,makingitthedriest

regioninthecountry.*Canada’saverageprecipitationis535millimetersperyear,comparedwith690

millimetersperyearworldwide.*Snowfallaccountsfor36%ofCanada’sprecipitation,whiletherestoftheworldseesonly

5%ofitsprecipitationfallassnow.AlbertaAlbertawasnamedafterPrincessLouiseCarolineAlbertaofBritainCapitalcity–EdmontonAlberta'smotto-"strongandfree"ItisknownasCanada's"energyprovince"Immigrants-Britain,WesternEurope,EasternEurope,theEastandSoutheastAsiaItisthemainproducerofcoal,oilandnaturalgasinCanadaBritishColumbiaCapitalcity–VictoriaonVancouverIslandMotto-"Splendourwithoutdiminishment"Immigrants-fromBritain,WesternEurope,EastandSoutheastAsia,Bangladesh,andPakistanB.C.hasthelargestChinesecommunityinCanadaLargestindustry-ForestryB.C.hasthelargestfishingindustryinCanadaManitobaItislocatedinthecenterofCanada"Manitoba"-aCreenamemeaning"theplacewherethespirit(manitou)speaks"Capitalcity–WinnipegMotto-"GloriousandFree"ManitobaishometomanynativepeoplesImmigrants-Britain,Europe,Europe,EastandSoutheastAsiaManitoba-thelandof100,000lakesImportantindustry-Hydro-electricpowerNewBrunswickCapitalcity–FrederictonItisthethird-smallestprovinceMotto-"Hopewasrestored"ManypeopleareofFrench,British,ScottishandIrishoriginN.B.-themainproduceroflead,zinc,copper,andbismuthMainindustryisforestryPaper,newspaper,magazines,tissue,woodendoorsandwindowsMaincrop-potatoesNewfoundlandandLabradorCapitalcity-St.John'sMotto-"SeekyefirsttheKingdomofGod"PeopleliveinsmallfishingvillagesnearthecoastImmigrants-Britain,WesternEurope,EastandSoutheastAsianNfld.isthemainproducerofironoreMainexports-oil,fishproducts,newsprint,ironoreandelectricityNovaScotiaCapitalcity-HalifaxHalifaxisaninternationalseaportandtransportationcenter"NovaScotia"means"NewScotland"inLatinMotto:“Onedefendsandtheotherconquers”Immigrants-Britain,WesternEurope,andSouthernEuropeN.S.-Canada'soldestAfrican-CanadiancommunityMajorindustries-Coalminingandfishing/fishprocessing(nowless)OntarioCapitalcity–TorontoTorontohasalargefinancialdistrictandthestockexchangeOttawa-thecapitalofCanadaisinsouthernOntarioTheIroquoians-Ontario="Kanadario"="sparklingwater"Motto-"Loyalshebegan,loyalsheremains“Immigrants-Italian,German,Chinese,Portuguese,Indian,PolishandCaribbeanoriginNiagaraFallsMainproducer-nickel,cobalt,salt,andmagnesiumLeadingproduceroffruitandvegetablesPrinceEdwardIslandItisthesmallestprovinceCapitalcity–CharlottetownThe"birthplaceofCanada"whereleadersmetin1864todiscusstheformationofthecountryNamed"PrinceEdward"inhonorofthefatherofQueenVictoriain1799Motto:"thesmallundertheprotectionofthegreat"About75percentareofScottishandIrishoriginRedsoil-madeofredsandstoneLargestindustry–agricultureSecondlargestindustry–tourismThirdlargestindustry-fishingQuebecThelargestprovinceCapitalcity-QuebecCityQuebec-aFrench-speakingprovinceAlgonquin-Quebec="Kebe"="theplacewheretherivernarrows“Motto-"Jemesouviens"="Iremember"Montreal-67%mothertongueisFrenchImmigrants-France,Britain,SouthernEurope,andEastandSoutheastAsiaLargestindustry-dairyMainproducerofmaplesyrupSaskatchewanCapitalcity–ReginaMotto:"Frommanypeoplesstrength“Immigrants-Germany,Ukraine,Scandinavia,Poland,Russia,Britain,FranceWheatcrop-over54percentLeadingexporterofpotash(fertilizer)NorthwestTerritoriesSecond-largestPopulation-Almosthalfareaboriginal(Dene,InuvialuitandMetis)Capitalcity–YellowknifeHuntsandTraps-beaver,lynx,fox,marten,muskrat,polarbearTourism-peoplecometoseethewildlifeandnaturalbeautyNunavutThelargestterritoryandhasone-fifthofthelandinCanadaCapitalcity–IqaluitCanada'smostnortherncapitalMotto-Nunavut,ourstrengthNunavutmeansourland

Population–85%aretheInuit,theaboriginesThelandandwaterarefrozenmostoftheyearTourism:Peoplecometofish,hike,camp,hunt,toseethe

wildlifeYukonThesmallestterritoryCapitalcity–WhitehorseYukon=GreatRiverMount