濰坊市外研版中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題六：閱讀表達(dá)

閱讀表達(dá)是近幾年出現(xiàn)的新題型，要求學(xué)生閱讀短文并完成所給題目。此題難度較大，不僅考查學(xué)生的閱讀能力，即語(yǔ)言輸入能力，還考查建立在理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上的學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言輸出能力，即書面表達(dá)能力?？键c(diǎn)2016201520142013主旨概括√√句子填空√√√翻譯句子√√√√封閉性問(wèn)題√√√√開放性問(wèn)題√√√√從近四年的濰坊中考英語(yǔ)試題來(lái)看，閱讀表達(dá)題一般有5個(gè)題，每小題2分，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)書面信息進(jìn)行分析、概括、整理并根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行運(yùn)用的能力，其長(zhǎng)度與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文相近。文章層次性強(qiáng)，給學(xué)生一個(gè)發(fā)揮的空間。該題主要有以下幾種類型：主旨概括、句子填空、翻譯句子、英文釋義、開放性問(wèn)題及其他類型?？疾榈囊c(diǎn)主要有：1.掌握短文的主旨和大意并能概括文章大意；2.了解闡述主旨的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；3.了解詞語(yǔ)和句子的深層含義；4.根據(jù)短文進(jìn)行判斷和推理。近幾年?？嫉膸讉€(gè)題型有：主旨概括題，包括給文章擬一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題；翻譯句子題，這是必考題型，濰坊連續(xù)四年都有這個(gè)題型；封閉性問(wèn)題和開放性問(wèn)題，這也是必考題型，而且近幾年加大了對(duì)開放性問(wèn)題的考查力度，開放性問(wèn)題也必然成為今后中考命題的一個(gè)趨勢(shì)。1.對(duì)于主旨概括題，要通讀全文，分清主旨與細(xì)節(jié)，防止以偏概全。這類題目很多時(shí)候要求給出文章的標(biāo)題。文章的標(biāo)題可以是完整的句子、簡(jiǎn)潔的短語(yǔ)，也可以是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。書寫時(shí)要特別注意字母的大小寫和詞數(shù)問(wèn)題。標(biāo)題可以全部用大寫；可以實(shí)詞第一個(gè)字母大寫、虛詞第一個(gè)字母小寫；也可以第一個(gè)字母大寫，其余除專有名詞外全部用小寫。如果是個(gè)疑問(wèn)句，可以在標(biāo)題后加問(wèn)號(hào)，但如果是陳述句，則不必加句點(diǎn)。2.對(duì)于句子填空題，要充分利用文章中表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進(jìn)、條件等關(guān)系的連接詞，結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境，來(lái)搞清楚需要填的究竟是什么含義的句子。3.做翻譯句子題時(shí)，一定要使句子意思切合語(yǔ)境，表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確、到位，符合語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣。4.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題時(shí)，無(wú)論是封閉性的問(wèn)題還是開放性的問(wèn)題，都要表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，尤其句子結(jié)構(gòu)要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。所寫答語(yǔ)可以是完整的句子，也可以簡(jiǎn)略回答。要注意書寫認(rèn)真，卷面整潔。5.英文釋義題，也可稱為句子替代或者詞匯替代題，要求從文章中找出與所給的句子或詞匯含義相同的句子或詞匯。一般讀懂了文章，弄清了所給句子和文中相應(yīng)句子的意思即可答出，該題在閱讀表達(dá)中相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單。(2016·山東濰坊)閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題。DearSirorMadam,I’mwritingtocomplain(投訴)aboutthePersonalRobot,ModelZ4,whichIboughtseveralmonthsago.Themachinehasbeengivingmeallkindsofproblems.Herearetwo:Therobotissupposedtodoallkindsofhousework,butsometimesitrefuses.WhenIaskittocleanthehouseortakeouttherubbish,itusuallyreplies:“Z4istoobusy.”or“Z4istired.”LastnightIinvitedmybossandhiswifefordinneratmyhome.Therobotservedthemealperfectly.Butthenitturnedtomyguestsandtoldmybossthathistiewasuglyandhiswife’sjewellery(珠寶)wasnotreal.ModelZ4hasputmeinseveralveryembarrassing(令人尷尬的)situationslikethis.Theproblemisthatthisrobothasamindofitsown.NowIhavenowishtokeepit.Iwouldliketoreturntherobotandgetmymoneyback.PleaseletmeknowhowIcandothis.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.Verytrulyyours,JulieMorrisDearMsMorris,YourcomplaintaboutZ4hascometous.We’veneverhadanyproblemswiththisspecificmodelbefore.Z4isverysmartandsensible.Yourrobotmaybeactingnegatively(消極地)todrawattentiontohimself.Z4doesn’tacceptbeingtreatedlikeamachine.MayIsuggestthatyoutryanddiscussyourrelationshipwithhim?Failingthat,wewouldbehappytosendoneofourscientiststotalktoZ4tosolvetheproblem.Sincerely,K31.What’sJulie’spurposeincomplainingabouttherobot?(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題) 2.PleaselisttwoproblemsthattherobothasgiventoJuliewithtwosentences.(nomorethan10wordspersentence)(請(qǐng)列舉顧客投訴機(jī)器人的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，每句不多于10詞) 3.PleasetranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.(請(qǐng)將文中畫線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)) 4.CompletethestatementusingawordfromthetextaccordingtoK3’sreply.(請(qǐng)從回信中找出一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，填入下句空白處)ThebetweenJulieandRobotZ4issoimportantthatK3wouldliketosendsomeonetohelpifnecessary.5.WhatwillyoudotogetonwellwithhimifyouhavearobotlikeZ4?(請(qǐng)寫出兩個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子，不得重復(fù)文中內(nèi)容) 【答案】1.Shewantstoreturntherobotandgethermoneyback.2.(1)Sometimesitrefusestodothehousework.(2)Ithasputmeinseveralveryembarrassingsituations.3.問(wèn)題是這個(gè)機(jī)器人很有主見/會(huì)自己拿主意/能自己作決定/有自己的想法。Youknowteachersareoftendestroyedbytheterribleabuse.Somehavelosttheirconfidencetoteachandhaveleftschool.Thesurveyshowedmanyofthebadcommentsrelatedtoteachers’looks，abilitiesandbehaviors.We’vegotanotherdatafromit.Itshowsthebadcommentsweremadebynotonlystudentsbuttheirparents.Pleaselookatthefollowingchart.Itisclearthatweshouldtakesomemethodstoprotectteachersfromtheabuse.Wethinkthatthewaytosolvetheproblemisthebetterunderstandingamongteachers，studentsandparents.Besidesgoodcommunication，respecting(尊敬)eachotherisveryimportant.Ifso，theycangetonwellwitheachother.短文大意：本文根據(jù)發(fā)生在英國(guó)的網(wǎng)上辱罵老師事件的調(diào)查結(jié)果，闡述了辱罵老師帶來(lái)的影響以及解決該類事件的方法。1.Whatresultdidtheseterribleeventsleadtoaccordingtothepassage?Ithadabadinfluenceonschoolsandthesociety./Teacherswereoftendestroyedbytheterribleabuse./Someteacherslosttheirconfidencetoteachandleftschool.由短文第一段中的Ithadabadinfluenceonschoolsandthesociety.及第二段中的Youknowteachersareoftendestroyedbytheterribleabuse.Somehavelosttheirconfidencetoteachandhaveleftschool.可知答案。2.FromChartOne，howdid50%oftheteachersdealwiththeabuse?Theyreported(the)abusetotheschool，thepoliceorthewebsite./Theyreportedittotheschool，thepoliceorthewebsite.參與調(diào)查的老師一共是7500名，50%的話是3750名，對(duì)應(yīng)的是圖表Ⅰ中最左邊的標(biāo)有3，750的柱狀圖，由該柱狀圖的信息可知，50%的老師會(huì)把辱罵老師事件報(bào)告給學(xué)校、警察或網(wǎng)站。3.Whatpercentofthebadcommentsweremadebyparentsintotal?36%./Thirty-sixpercent.由圖表Ⅱ中信息可知，單純由父母引發(fā)的辱罵老師事件的百分比是27%，既由父母又由學(xué)生引發(fā)的辱罵老師事件的百分比是9%，所以由父母造成的辱罵老師事件的百分比總數(shù)是：27%+9%=36%。4.Whatisthewaytosolvetheabuseproblemaccordingtothepassage?Thebetterunderstandingamongteachers，studentsandparents./Goodcommunication./Respectingeachother./Goodcommunicationandrespectingeachother.由第三段中Wethinkthatthewaytosolvetheproblemisthebetterunderstandingamongteachers，studentsandparents.Besidesgoodcommunication，respectingeachotherisveryimportant.可知答案。5.Afterreadingthepassage，whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofsocialphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)?Itisimportantforstudentstorespectteachersbecauseitshowsthedevelopmentofthesociety./Ithinkweshouldtrytoavoidit.Itcanhurtbothteachersandstudents./...(開放性題目)(五)(2016·吉林，F(xiàn))IwasaschoolgirlinGrade7whenDannycametomyschoolandbecameoneofmyclassmates.Hewashandsomewithblondhair，somanygirlsinmyclasslikedhimverymuch.Everyday，hisparentspickedhimupinanoldcar.Weallrealizedhewasfromapoorfamily.Ihadapoorfamilyaswell，butIjusthiditfromeveryone.Iwasafraidthekidsinmyclasswouldleavemeiftheyknewthetruth.Oneday，ourteacher，Mr.Sims，announcedthatwewouldhaveafieldtrip.Wedecidedtogotoanamusementpark.Myclassmateswereexcited.Isatbackandlookedatthem，knowingthatmyparentsdidnothavethemoneytosendme.Tomysurprise，Dannystoodupandsaidsimply,“Iwon’tgowithyou.Mydadhurthisbackandlosthisjob.Iamnotaskingmyparentsformoney.”“Danny，I’mveryproudofyouforunderstandingthesituationthatyourparentsarein.”Mr.Simsreplied.“Butthetripisattheendofthemonth；wehaveplentyoftimetoraisemoneyforit.”Whilewalkinghomefromschoolthatday，InoticedthreeboystalkingwithDanny.Iwasalittleworriedthattheyweregivinghimahardtime.ButasIgotcloser，Ifoundtheywereonlydiscussinghowtoraisemoneyforthetrip.Bystandingupandadmitting(承認(rèn))hewaspoor，Dannychangedmylife.InolongerfeltIhadtolieaboutmyfamily’ssituation.AsforDanny，Iwillrememberhiscourageandhonestyforever.短文大意：“我”在7年級(jí)時(shí)，害怕同學(xué)知道自己家庭貧困，向每個(gè)人隱瞞事實(shí)。但同學(xué)丹尼對(duì)同學(xué)們很坦誠(chéng)，說(shuō)明家庭困境?！拔摇庇纱耸艿接|動(dòng)，覺(jué)得不需要撒謊，“我”將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住他的勇氣和誠(chéng)實(shí)。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問(wèn)題。1.WhydidmanygirlslikeDannyintheclass?Becausehewashandsome(withblondhair).由第一段中的Hewashandsomewithblondhair，somanygirlsinmyclasslikedhimverymuch.可知，許多女孩很喜歡丹尼，是因?yàn)樗苡⒖?，而且留著金發(fā)。2.Wheredidthestudentsdecidetogoforthefieldtrip?Theydecidedtogotoanamusementpark./Toanamusementpark./Anamusementpark.由第二段中的Wedecidedtogotoanamusementpark.(我們決定去一個(gè)游樂(lè)園。)可知，學(xué)生們決定去游樂(lè)園。3.WhatwasthematterwithDanny’sfather?Hehurthisback(andlosthisjob).由第二段中的Tomysurprise，Dannystoodupandsaidsimply，“Iwon’tgowithyou.Mydadhurthisbackandlosthisjob...”可知，丹尼的父親背部受傷，且失去了工作。4.DidthethreeboysfightwithDannyafterschool?No./No，theydidn’t.由文中第三段的Whilewalkinghomefromschoolthatday，InoticedthreeboystalkingwithDanny...ButasIgotcloser，Ifoundtheywereonlydiscussinghowtoraisemoneyforthetrip.可知，三個(gè)男生在和丹尼討論如何籌錢去郊游。他們沒(méi)有打架，因此要作否定回答。5.WhatdidthewriterlearnfromDanny?Hiscourageandhonesty./(The)Courageandhonesty./Shelearnt(learned)hiscourageandhonesty(fromDanny/him).由文中的AsforDanny，Iwillrememberhiscourageandhonestyforever.(至于丹尼，我將永遠(yuǎn)記住他的勇氣和誠(chéng)實(shí)。)可知，作者從丹尼身上學(xué)到了勇氣和誠(chéng)實(shí)。(六)(2016·天津)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子。SteveJobswasbornon24thFebruary1955inSanFrancisco，California.Asachild，heoftenworkedwithhisfatheronelectronics.Inhighschool，hemetBillFernandezandSteveWozniak(or“Woz”).WozandBillshowedJobsacomputerboardthattheywerebuildingatthetime.Jobswasveryinterestedinit.Afterhighschool，JobswenttooneofthebestcollegesinOregon.However，hedroppedoutonlyafterafewmonths.Inthemeantime，WozworkedforHewlett-Packard，butfoundtimetobuildhisowncomputer.WhenJobssawwhatWozhaddone，hecouldimaginethatpeoplewouldneeditverymuch.Together，theysetupacompanycalledApple.AppleComputerbecameabigsuccess，andthismadeJobsarichman.Unfortunately，Jobs’spersonality(性格)madehimverydifficulttoworkwith.HeleftAppletosetupanothercompany.Soon，Applestartedtodobadly.JobsreturnedtoAppleandhelpedmakethecompanysuccessfulagain.BackatApple，Jobswasresponsible(負(fù)責(zé))forthedevelopmentoftheiMac，iTunes，iPod，iPhoneandiPad.In2003，Jobsgotveryillanddiedon5thOctober2011.短文大意：本文介紹了蘋果公司的創(chuàng)始人之一史蒂夫·喬布斯的創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)歷。喬布斯在學(xué)生時(shí)代就對(duì)電子感興趣。后來(lái)他與沃茲相識(shí)，并共同創(chuàng)辦了世界聞名的蘋果公司。1.WhenJobswasinhighschool,WozandBillshowedhimthattheywerebuilding.acomputerboard由第二段的第一、二句Inhighschool，hemet...WozandBillshowedJobsacomputerboardthattheywerebuildingatthetime.可知，當(dāng)喬布斯在高中時(shí)，沃茲和比爾給他看了一塊他們當(dāng)時(shí)正在組裝的電腦電路板。2.WhenWozworkedforHewlett-Packard，hefoundtimeto.buildhisowncomputer由第三段的第三句Inthemeantime，WozworkedforHewlett-Packard，butfoundtimetobuildhisowncomputer.可知，當(dāng)沃茲為惠普公司工作時(shí)，他找時(shí)間組裝自己的電腦。3.JobsandWozsetupcalledApple.acompany由第四段的第一句Together，theysetupacompanycalledApple.可知，喬布斯和沃茲創(chuàng)辦了一家叫“蘋果”的公司。4.JobsleftApplebecausehe.wasverydifficulttoworkwith由第四段的第三、四句Unfortunately，Jobs’spersonalitymadehimverydifficulttoworkwith.HeleftAppletosetupanothercompany.可知，喬布斯離開蘋果公司是因?yàn)樗茈y與他人共事。5.In2003，Jobsanddiedon5thOctober2011.gotveryill由短文最后一句In2003，Jobsgotveryillanddiedon5thOctober2011.可知，在2003年，喬布斯病重并于2011年10月5日去世。(七)(2016·陜西)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。StanfordisaworldfamousuniversityonthewestcoastoftheU.S.ItwasbuiltbyStanfordandhiswifeinmemoryoftheironlysonwhodiedofastrangedisease.TouristsareoftensurprisedatthebeautyofStanford.Amongthegreentrees，buildingswithyellowwallsandredtopsmakeupabeautifulpicture.Manytouristswonderwhyyellowandredwerechosen.That’sbecausetheywerethefavouritesofMrs.Stanford.TheBigChurchisthemostimportantbuildinginStanford.Itstandsatthecentre.ItwasbuiltbyMrs.Stanfordtorememberherhusbandwhodevoted(貢獻(xiàn))himselftotheuniversity.There，studentsandteacherscancommunicatewithGodandholdgreatactivities，suchasconcertsandcelebrations.ThetallestbuildinginStanfordisHooverTower，whichisthelandmarkoftheuniversity.AmannamedHooverhaddonealotfortheuniversity.Thethingsheonceusedcanbeseenonthefirstfloor.Onthetopofthetower，touristscanhaveagoodlookatthewholecampus(校園).Asoneoftheworldtopuniversities，Stanfordhasmanysubjectsthatstandamongthetoponesintheworld.Andcomputersciencehasbeenthefirstformanyyears.Ifyouwanttostudycomputerinauniversityabroad，maybeitisyourbestchoice.短文大意：本文主要介紹了美國(guó)著名的斯坦福大學(xué)。于綠樹掩映中，斯坦福大學(xué)建筑的黃墻紅頂相得益彰，構(gòu)成了一幅美麗的畫卷。大學(xué)是斯坦福夫婦為紀(jì)念病故的兒子所建。大教堂是大學(xué)里最重要的建筑，師生們可以在此與上帝交流并進(jìn)行各種活動(dòng)；胡佛塔是最高的建筑，在塔頂可俯瞰整個(gè)校園；作為世界頂尖的大學(xué)之一，斯坦福大學(xué)有許多處于世界尖端的學(xué)科。1.WhydidMr.andMrs.Stanfordbuildtheuniversity?Becausetheywantedtoremember.their(only)son由短文第一段最后一句ItwasbuiltbyStanfordandhiswifeinmemoryoftheironlysonwhodiedofastrangedisease.可知，斯坦福夫婦建立斯坦福大學(xué)是為了紀(jì)念他們(唯一)的兒子。2.WhatcolourdidMrs.Stanfordlikebest?Shepreferredtoothercolours.yellowandred由第二段倒數(shù)第一、二句Manytouristswonderwhyyellowandredwerechosen.That’sbecausetheywerethefavouritesofMrs.Stanford.可知答案。3.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellus?IttellsustheBigChurchisinStanford.themostimportantbuilding由第三段第一句TheBigChurchisthemostimportantbuildinginStanford.及后面的介紹可知答案。4.WherecanvisitorsseethewholecampusofStanford?Theycanseethewholecampusonthetopof.HooverTower/thetower由第四段最后一句Onthetopofthetower，touristscanhaveagoodlookatthewholecampus.可知答案。5.Whatdoes“it”inthelastsentenceofthepassagereferto?Itrefersto.Stanford/computerinStanford/theuniversity由最后一段前兩句Asoneoftheworldtopuniversities，Stanfordhasmanysubjectsthatstandamongthetoponesintheworld.Andcomputersciencehasbeenthefirstformanyyears.可知，短文最后一句中的it指的是斯坦福大學(xué)，或更具體一些，指的是斯坦福大學(xué)的計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)。(八)(2016·河北)閱讀短文，并按要求完成1~5題。Wheredoesyourfoodcomefrom?Howisitmade?Thesedays，manypeopleworryaboutfoodsafety.Butfoodsafetyisnotanewworry.In1906，UptonSinclairwrotetheJungle.ThebookisthestoryofapoorfamilyinChicago.Itisalsoaboutthedangerouswaysthatfoodwasprepared.PeopleweresoworriedthattheU.S.startedtestingfood.Thesedays，mostfoodintheworldissafe.Lawscontrolwherefoodcomesfrom.Theyalsocontrolhowfoodismanagedandprepared.Lawsareimportant.Butit’smoreimportanttomakesuretherulesarefollowed.Agoodfoodsafetysystem(系統(tǒng))keepspeoplesafe.Italsohelpsthemeathealthyfood.Labels(標(biāo)簽)onfoodgivepeopleimportantinformation.Thentheycanmakegoodchoicesabouttheirfood.Althoughfoodsafetysystemsusuallywork，therecanbeproblems.Sometimesmistakesaremade.Forexample，atruckmightcarryeggsandthenicecream.Theicecreamcouldmakepeoplesickwhenthetruckisn’tcleanedbeforecarryingit.Otherproblemsarenotmistakes.Sometimescompaniesbreakrulestomakemoremoney.Whenthishappens，peopledon’tknowiftheirfoodissafe.Asweallknow，foodiscloselyrelatedtoourdailylife.Weshouldtakeactionstomakefoodsafer!短文大意：食品與我們的日常生活聯(lián)系緊密，食品安全問(wèn)題是人們都關(guān)心的。雖然有法律、有食品安全系統(tǒng)，但仍然會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題，我們應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)來(lái)讓我們的食品更安全。1題完成句子；2~3題簡(jiǎn)略回答問(wèn)題；4題找出并寫下第三段的主題句；5題將文中畫線句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。1.PeopleweresoworriedaboutfoodsafetythattheU.S.started.testingfood/totestfood由短文第一段最后一句PeopleweresoworriedthattheU.S.startedtestingfood.(人們?nèi)绱藫?dān)憂以至于美國(guó)開始檢測(cè)食品。)可知填testingfood。此處也可用starttodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，故也可填totestfood。2.Whatcanpeopledoafterreadingtheinformationonfoodlabels?They/Peoplecanmakegoodchoices/agoodchoice(abouttheirfood).或Makegoodchoices/agoodchoice(abouttheirfood).由短文第二段最后兩句Labels(標(biāo)簽)onfoodgivepeopleimportantinformation.Thentheycanmakegoodchoicesabouttheirfood.(食物上的標(biāo)簽給了人們重要的信息。然后他們可以做出關(guān)于他們的食物的好的選擇。)可知答案。3.Whencouldicecreammakepeoplesickintheexample?Whenthetruckisn’tcleaned/clean(beforecarryingit).由短文第三段第四句Theicecreamcouldmakepeoplesickwhenthetruckisn’tcleanedbeforecarryingit.(當(dāng)貨車在運(yùn)送冰激凌之前沒(méi)有被清理時(shí)，冰激凌會(huì)使人們生病。)可知答案。4.Althoughfoodsafetysystemsusuallywork，therecanbeproblems.通讀整段，由關(guān)鍵詞“mistakes”“sick”可知本段講述的是食品安全系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。故第一句Althoughfoodsafetysystemsusuallywork，therecanbeproblems.(盡管食品安全系統(tǒng)通常起作用，但是也會(huì)有問(wèn)題。)為本段主題句。5.但是確保/保證執(zhí)行/遵守法律/法規(guī)更加重要。(但是確保/保證法律/法規(guī)被執(zhí)行/遵守更加重要。)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本句為it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型，Itis+adj.+todosth.意為“做某事是……的”；makesure意為“確?！薄?九)(2016·山東青島)閱讀下面短文，按要求完成各項(xiàng)任務(wù)。Manypeoplerunforexercise.Butwhatwillyoudoifyouarenota“born”runnerorjogger(慢跑者)?Youmaystillwantakindofexercisethat’sinexpensiveandeasytodo.Whynottrywalking?Walkingrequiresnospecialequipment(裝備).Itisakindofexercisethatalmostanynormal，healthypersoncando.Walkingisgoodforyourhealthlikejoggingorrunning；itwilljusttakelonger.Joggingandrunningmakeyourheartworkharderthanwalking.Theyalsoputmorestressonyourlegsandfeetthanwalkingdoes.Theproblemwithwalkingisthatmostpeopledon’ttakeitseriously.Butthere’sabigdifferencebetweenseriouswalkingandthewalkingthatmostofusdo.Walking，likejogging，shouldhaveasteadyandcontinuousmotion(穩(wěn)健而持續(xù)的動(dòng)作).Ifyouwanttogetyourexercisebywalking，youneedtohaveyourownwalkingplan.Afterall，runnersandjoggerssetgoalsforthemselves.Walkersneedgoals，too.Youalsoneedtosetacoursetowalk.Startbywalkingabout15-30minutesaday.Increaseyourtimeanddistance(距離)slowly.Andtryincreasingyourwalkingspeedlittlebylittle.Ifyouprefertojogorrun，followthesameadvice.Startoffslowly.Spendmostofthefirstfewdaysjustwalking.Then，startwalkingandrunningonthesameday.Runorjogashortdistance，thenwalkforawhile，then，run,thenwalk.Followthatpatternfor15-30minutesaday.Slowlymakeeachrunlongerandeachwalkshorter.Lateron，youcanincreaseyourdistance，speedandexercisetime.短文大意：本文提到了跑步、慢跑和步行三種鍛煉方式。但重點(diǎn)介紹了步行：要有步行計(jì)劃、步行時(shí)間及目標(biāo)設(shè)定等。任務(wù)一將劃線短語(yǔ)a“born”runner譯為漢語(yǔ)。一位天生的跑步者born在此處為形容詞，意為“天生的”；runner名詞，意為“賽跑者；跑步者”。任務(wù)二列舉兩條jogging和running對(duì)身體部位的影響。1.make 2. 1.yourheartworkhard2.putmuchstressonyourlegsandfeet第二段中有關(guān)鍵信息：Joggingandrunningmakeyourheartworkharderthanwalking.Theyalsoputmorestressonyourlegsandfeetthanwalkingdoes.在回答本題時(shí)不應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)形式，故應(yīng)是makeyourheartworkhard和putmuchstressonyourlegsandfeet。任務(wù)三回答問(wèn)題。What’stheproblemwithwalking?Theproblemwithwalkingisthatmostpeopledon’ttakeitseriously.由第三段首句Theproblemwithwalkingisthatmostpeopledon’ttakeitseriously.可知答案。任務(wù)四選出作者關(guān)于步行健身的兩種建議，將字母代號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。A.Haveawalkingplan.B.Walkfastatthebeginning.C.Startbywalkinganhouraday.D.Increasedistanceandspeedlittlebylittle.1. 2. 1.A2.D由第四段首句Ifyouwanttogetyourexercisebywalking，youneedtohaveyourownwalkingplan.可知A項(xiàng)Haveawalkingplan.是作者提出的一個(gè)建議；由第四段的最后兩句Increaseyourtimeanddistanceslowly.Andtryincreasingyourwalkingspeedlittlebylittle.可知D項(xiàng)Increasedistanceandspeedlittlebylittle.是作者提到的另一個(gè)建議，而B項(xiàng)Walkfastatthebeginning.不是作者的建議；由第四段的Startbywalkingabout15-30minutesaday.知C項(xiàng)Startbywalkinganhouraday.也不是作者的建議。任務(wù)五找出最后一段的主題句。Ifyouprefertojogorrun，followthesameadvice.由該段第一句句意“如果你更喜歡慢跑或跑步，遵循相同的建議”可知其后的內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于怎么交替進(jìn)行步行與跑步的建議的。故首句為中心句。(十)(2016·山東煙臺(tái)，D)Thisisahomeofthefuture，a“smarthome”，wheretechnologycandoalmosteverything.Imagineweareintheyear2050，①thecomputerwakesTomupinthemorningasusual.Infrontofhimisato-dolistoftheimportanteventsfortheday，anditisprovidedbythecomputer，too.AccordingtoTom’srequest，thecomputerservesalistofpossibledishes.Allthedishesarenice.AsTomeatsbreakfast，thecomputerremindshimtoreplytoLucy.BeforeTomfinisheshisn