新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)Lesson42課堂筆記

Lesson42ModerncavemenListentothetapethenanswerthequestionbelow.WithwhatdoesthewritercomparetheGouffreBerger?Caveexploration,orpot-holing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatlurespeopledowntothedepthsoftheearth.Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer'smotives.Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascinationwhichhighmountainshavefortheclimber.Theyarouseinstinctswhichcanonlybedimlyunderstood.ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.Itcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescentcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.Precautionsofthissortarenecessary,foritisimpossibletoforetelltheexactnatureofthedifficultieswhichwillconfrontthepot-holer.ThedeepestknowncaveintheworldistheGouffreBergernearGrenoble.Itextendstoadepthof3,723feet.Thisimmensechasmhasbeenformedbyanundergroundstreamwhichhastunnelledacoursethroughaflawintherocks.TheentrancetothecaveisonaplateauintheDauphinéAlps.Asitisonlysixfeetacross,itisbarelynoticeable.ThecavemightneverhavebeendiscoveredhadnottheentrancebeenspottedbythedistinguishedFrenchpot-holer,Berger.Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasbecomeasortofpotholers'Everest.Thoughanumberofdescentshavebeenmade,muchofitstillremainstobeexplored.Ateamofpot-holersrecentlywentdowntheGouffreBerger.Afterenteringthenarrowgapontheplateau,theyclimbeddownthesteepsidesofthe,caveuntiltheycametoanarrowcorridor.Theyhadtoedgetheirwayalongthis,sometimeswadingacrossshallowstreams,orswimmingacrossdeeppools.Suddenlytheycametoawaterfallwhichdroppedintoanundergroundlakeatthebottomofthecave.Theyplungedintothelake,andafterloadingtheirgearonaninflatablerubberdinghy,letthecurrentcarrythemtotheotherside.Toprotectthemselvesfromtheicywater,theyhadtowearspecialrubbersuits.Atthefarendofthe.lake,theycametohugepilesofrubblewhichhadbeenwashedupbythewater.Inthispartofthecave,theycouldhearaninsistentboomingsoundwhichtheyfoundwascausedbyasmallwaterspoutshootingdownintoapoolfromtheroofofthecave.Squeezingthroughacleftintherocks,thepot-holersarrivedatanenormouscavern,thesizeofahugeconcerthall.Afterswitchingonpowerfularclights,theysawgreatstalagmites----someofthemoverfortyfeethigh----risingupliketree-trunkstomeetthestalactitessuspendedfromtheroof.Roundabout,pilesoflimestoneglistenedinallthecoloursoftherainbow.Intheeeriesilenceofthecavern,theonlysoundthatcouldbeheardwasmadebywaterwhichdrippedcontinuouslyfromthehighdomeabovethem.NewWordsandExpressionscaveman/'keeivm?n/n.（遠(yuǎn)古）洞穴人wade/weid/v.涉水，蹚水pot-holing/'p?t-'h?uli?/n.洞穴探險(xiǎn)，洞穴探險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)waterfall/'w?:t?f?:/n.瀑布gear/gi?/n.一套用具solitude/'s?litju:d/n.孤獨(dú)，寂寞inflatable/in'fleit?b?l/adj.可充氣的lure/lu?/v.引誘，誘惑rubble/'r?b?l/n.碎瓦，瓦塊pot-holer/'p?t-h?ul?/n.洞穴探險(xiǎn)者insistent/in'sist?nt/adj.連續(xù)的，不斷的rambler/'r?mbl?/n.漫步者，散步者boom/bu:m/v.轟響undertaking/'?nd?'teiki?/n.任務(wù)，工作waterspout/'w?:t?spaut/n.強(qiáng)大的水柱foresight/'f?:sait/n.預(yù)見；深謀遠(yuǎn)慮cleft/kleft/n.裂隙，開口foretell/f?:'tel/(foretold/f?:'t?uld/,foretold)v.預(yù)言cavern/'k?v?n/n.大洞穴stalagmite/'st?l?gmait/n.石筍Grenoble/gri'n?ubl/n.格里諾布爾stalactite/'st?l?ktait/n.鐘乳石chasm/'k?z?m/n.斷層，裂口，陷坑limestone/'laimst?un/n.石灰石flaw/fl?:/n.小裂縫glisten/'glis?n/v.閃爍distinguished/di'sti?gwi?t/adj.杰出的，著名的eerie/'i?ri/adj.引起恐懼的，可怕的Everest/'ev?rist/n.珠穆朗瑪峰dome/d?um/n.穹窿，圓頂Notesonthetext1.asithascometobeknown,正如已逐漸為人所了解的那樣，此處作插入語(yǔ)。2.itisthedesire…orthechance…that…這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是句子的主語(yǔ)thedesire…orthechance…3.rigup,裝配，搭起。4.Grenoble,格里諾布爾，是法國(guó)東南部伊澤爾河上的一座大城鎮(zhèn)，尤以它的大學(xué)而著稱。5.Thecavemightneverhavebeendiscoveredhadnottheentrancebeenspottedby…如果不是……偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)洞口的話，這個(gè)洞也許永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)為人所知。這是表示與過去事實(shí)不相符的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的非真實(shí)條件句hadnottheentrancebeenspottedby…由于省略了if,因此要用倒裝句式。6.edgeone'sway,此處作“側(cè)身徐徐向前移動(dòng)”講。7.whichtheyfoundwascaused…ofthecave.whichwascaused…ofthecave是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾sound;theyfound此處作插入語(yǔ)。shootingdown…ofthecave是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾waterspout。參考譯文現(xiàn)代洞穴人洞穴勘查——或洞穴勘探——是一項(xiàng)比較新的體育活動(dòng)。尋求獨(dú)居獨(dú)處的愿望或?qū)で笠馔獍l(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)的欲望吸引著人們來到地下深處。要想對(duì)洞穴探險(xiǎn)者的動(dòng)機(jī)作出滿意的解釋是不可能的。對(duì)洞穴探險(xiǎn)者來說，洞穴有一種特殊的魅力，就像高山對(duì)于登山者有特殊的魅力一樣。為什么洞穴能引發(fā)人的那種探險(xiǎn)本能，人們對(duì)此只能有一種模模糊糊的理解。探測(cè)非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能勝任的。這種活動(dòng)需要有軍事行動(dòng)般的周密布署和預(yù)見能力。有時(shí)需要花費(fèi)整整8天時(shí)間來搭起繩梯，建立供應(yīng)基地，然后才能下到一個(gè)很深的洞穴里。作出這樣的準(zhǔn)備是必要的，因?yàn)闊o(wú)法預(yù)見到洞穴探險(xiǎn)者究竟會(huì)遇到什么性質(zhì)的困難。世界上最深的洞穴是格里諾布爾附近的高弗·伯杰洞，深達(dá)3，723英尺。這個(gè)深邃的洞穴是由一條地下暗泉沖刷巖石中的縫隙并使之慢慢變大而形成的。此洞的洞口在丹芬阿爾卑斯山的高原上，僅6英尺寬，很難被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。若不是法國(guó)著名洞穴探險(xiǎn)家伯杰由于偶然的機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)洞口的話，這個(gè)洞也許永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)為人所知。自從被發(fā)現(xiàn)以后，這個(gè)洞成了洞穴探險(xiǎn)者的珠穆朗瑪峰，人們多次進(jìn)入洞內(nèi)探險(xiǎn)，但至今尚有不少東西有待勘探。最近，一隊(duì)洞穴探險(xiǎn)者下到了高弗·伯杰洞里。他們從高原上的窄縫進(jìn)去，順著筆直陡峭的洞壁往下爬，來到了一條狹窄的走廊上。他們不得不側(cè)著身子往前走，有時(shí)蹚過淺溪，有時(shí)游過深潭。突然，他們來到一道瀑布前，那瀑布奔瀉而下，注入洞底一處地下湖里。他們跳入湖中，把各種器具裝上一只充氣橡皮艇，聽任水流將他們帶往對(duì)岸。湖水冰冷刺骨，他們必須穿上一種特制的橡皮服以保護(hù)自己。在湖的盡頭，他們見到一大堆一大堆由湖水沖刷上岸的碎石。在這兒，他們可以聽見一種連續(xù)不斷的轟鳴聲。后來他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這是由山洞頂部的一個(gè)小孔里噴出的水柱跌落到水潭中時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音。洞穴探險(xiǎn)者從巖石縫里擠身過去，來到一個(gè)巨大的洞里，其大小相當(dāng)于一個(gè)音樂廳。他們打開強(qiáng)力弧光燈，看見一株株巨大的石筍，有的高達(dá)40英尺，像樹干似地向上長(zhǎng)著，與洞頂懸掛下來的鐘乳石相接。周圍是一堆堆石灰石，像彩虹一樣閃閃發(fā)光。洞里有一種可怕的寂靜，唯一可以聽見的聲響是高高的圓頂上不間斷地滴水的嘀嗒聲。語(yǔ)法Grammarinusehave+名詞代替普通動(dòng)詞在第18課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了完全動(dòng)詞have的一些用法，知道它既可以表示“具有”、“擁有”，又可以表示eat,drink,enjoy,take等含義：Ihave(got)anewcar.我有輛新汽車。Haveagoodtime!祝你（們）玩得開心！have的另一種用法是have+名詞代替普通動(dòng)詞表示“完成該動(dòng)作”：類似的動(dòng)詞還有dance,fight,look,rest,ride,talk,sleep,swim,wash等。一般完全動(dòng)詞的用法也適用于have：JimandIhavejusthadalongtalk.我和吉姆剛進(jìn)行過一次長(zhǎng)談。Imusthaveawashbeforelunch.午飯前我得洗一洗。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have）IhadtwodanceswithLucy.我和露西跳了兩次舞。（可用復(fù)數(shù)形式）詞匯學(xué)習(xí)Wordstudy1．marketn.（1）市場(chǎng)，集市：WehadalongwalkthroughoneofthemarketsofOldDelhi.我們穿過舊德里的一個(gè)市場(chǎng)時(shí)走了很長(zhǎng)一段路。Ijustcamefromafruitmarket.我剛從一個(gè)水果市場(chǎng)來。（2）（商品的）市場(chǎng)，銷路，需求：Theforeignmarketsforapplesthisyeararenotasgoodaslastyear.今年蘋果的海外市場(chǎng)不如去年。Canyoufindamarketfortheseshoes?你能給這些鞋找到銷路嗎？2．動(dòng)詞pick的一些短語(yǔ)（1）pickup有許多含義。它既可以表示“拿起”、“撿起”，也可以表示“意外地找到”、“（偶然地）學(xué)會(huì)”、“開車去接”等：Hepickedupalongpipewhichwascoveredwithcoins.他拿起了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的、上面鑲有硬幣的管樂器。Tommypickeduptwosmallcoinsandswallowedthem.湯米撿起兩枚小硬幣并把它們吞了下去。Thebicyclewaspickedupinasmallvillage.那輛自行車是在一個(gè)小村子里發(fā)現(xiàn)的。（意外地找到）Didn'tyoupickupanyChinesewhileyouwereinChina?你在中國(guó)期間沒學(xué)會(huì)幾句漢語(yǔ)嗎？WhereshallIpickyouup,atyourofficeoratyourhouse?我去哪里接你，你辦公室還是你家？Pickmeupat8o'clock.8點(diǎn)鐘開車來接我。（2）pickout可以表示“挑出”、“選出”、“辨認(rèn)出”等含義：Lookatthesephotosandseeifyoucanpickoutmymother.仔細(xì)看這些相片，看看（你）能否認(rèn)出我母親。Thethiefwaspickedoutbyseveralpeople.幾個(gè)人認(rèn)出了那個(gè)小偷。WhenIwenttothebookshopyesterday,IpickedouttwoofthebookswhichIneededmost.昨天我去書店時(shí)，買／挑了兩本我最需要的書。課堂筆記haveawalk/rest/lockhavea＋名詞，這個(gè)名詞可以與動(dòng)詞同行的haveaswim/bathhaveabath＝bathe，haveaswim＝swimhaveawalk＝walkhavealook＝lookhavearest＝resthavea+名詞＝動(dòng)詞一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面加介詞（如果這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞），這個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面加什么樣的介詞，名詞也可以加什么樣的介詞lookat－》havealookat；walkacross－》haveawalkac